四級閱讀段落信息匹配題及答案分析

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四級閱讀段落信息匹配題及答案分析

　　Section B

四級閱讀段落信息匹配題及答案分析

　　Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　How to Use a Library

　　A)You’re driving your car home from work or sch001.And something goes wron9.The engine stalls out at lights，holds back as you go to pass.It needs a tune up and soon.Where do you go? The library.You can take out an auto repair manual that tells step by step how to tune up your make and model.Or your tennis game has fallen off.You’ve lost your touch at the net.Where do you go? The library for a few books on improving your tennis form.

　　B)“The library!”you say.“That’s where my teacher sends me to dough homework."Unfortunately, I’ve found that’s exactly the way many people feel.If you’re among them.you’re denying yourself the easiest way to improve yourself, enjoy yourself and even cope with life.My first suggestion for making the most of your library is to do what I did，read and read and read.For pleasure——and for understanding.

　　C)If it’s TV that keeps you from cultivating this delicious habit，I can offer a sure remedy.Take home from the library a stack of books that might look interestin9.Pile them on the TV set.Next time you are tempted to turn on a program you really don’t want to see，reach for a book instead.

　　D)Over the years，people collect a mental list of books they mean to read.If you don’t have such a list，here is the suggestion.Take from the library some of the books you might have enjoyed dramatized on TV, like Remargue’s All Quiet on the Western Front，Clavell’s Shegun，Tolkien’s The Hobbit，or Victor Hugo’s Les Mise Rables.If you like what you read、you can follow up with other satisfying books by the same authors.

　　E)Some people in their reading limit themselves to current talked—about best sellers.Oh，what they miss! The library is full of yesterday’s best sellers;and they still make compelling reading today. Some that I've enjoyed：A.B.Guthrie’s The Big Sky，Carl Van Doren’s Benjamin Franklin，Mari Sandoz’s.Old Jules，and Norman Mailer’s The Naked and the Dead.

　　F) How do you find these or any other books you’re looking for? It’s easy—with the card catalog. Every time I go to the library——and I go more than once a week——I invariably make a beeline to the card catalog before anything else.It’s the nucleus of any public library.The card catalog lists every book in the library by：1.author;2.title;3.subject.Let’s pick an interesting subject to look up.I have always been fascinated by astronomy.You’ll be surprised at the wealth of material you will find under “a strong my” to draw upon.And the absorbing books you didn’t know existed on it.

　　CAUTION：Always have a pencil and paper when you use the card catal09.

　　G) Once you jot down the numbers of the books you are interested in，you are ready to find them on the shelves.Libraries call the shelves “the stacks”.In many smaller libraries，which you’ll be using，the stacks will be open for you to browse.To me there is a special thrill in tracking down the books I want in the stacks !For invariably,I find books about which I knew nothin9，and these often turn out to be the very ones l need.You will find the same thing happening to you when you start to browse in the stacks.“A learned mind is the end product of browsing.”

　　CAUTION：If you take a book from the stack s to your work desk，do not try to return it to its proper place.That’s work for the experts.If you replace it incorrectly, the next seeker won’t be able to find it.

　　H)Some of the brightest and best.informed men and women in America are the librarians who specialize in providing reference help.Introduce yourself State your problem.And be amazed at how much he p you will receive.CAUTION：Don’t waste the time of this expert by asking silly questions you ought to solve yourself.Save the reference librarian for the really big ones.

　　I) You shot：ld also learn to use the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.This green—bound index is me of the most useful items in any library.It indexes all the articles in the major magazines，including newspaper magazine supplements.Thus it provides a guide to the very latest expert information of any subject that interests you.So if you want to do a really first—class job，find out which magazines your library subscribes to，then consult the Reader's Guide and track down recent articles on your subject.When you use this wonderful tool effectively, you show the mark of a real scholar.

　　J) Since you can take most books home，but not magazines，take full notes when using the latter. Many libraries today provide a reprographic machine that can quickly copy pages you need from magazines and books.Ask about it：If you are working on a project of some size which will require repeated library visits，keep a small notebook in which you record the identification numbers of the books you will be using frequently.This will save you valuable time，because you won’t have to consult the card catalog or search aimlessly through the stacks each time you visit for material you seek.Sol fie of the very best books in any library are the reference books，which may not be taken home.Learn what topics they cover and how best to use them，for these books are wonderful repositories (儲藏室、資料庫)of human knowledge.

　　K) Your library can give you help on any subject.It can even be your business and legal advisor.How many times have you scratched your head over how to get a tax rebate(折扣)on your summer job? You，11 find guides to that.Want to defend yourself in traffic coup? Find out how in legal books at the library.

　　L) Library Projects Can Be Fun and Rewardin9.Here are a few ideas：

　　1.What are your roots? Trace your ancestors.Many libraries specialize in genealogy.

　　2.Did George Washington sleep nearby? Or Billy the Kid? Your library’s collection of local history books can put you on the trail.

　　3.Cook a Polynesian feast.Or an ancient Roman banquet.Read how in the library’s cook books.

　　4.Take up photography.Check the library for consumer reviews of cameras before you buy.Take out books on lightin9，composition，or darkroom techniques or—you name it!

　　M)If you haven，t detected by now my enthusiasm for libraries，let me offer two personal notes.I'm particularly pleased that in recent years two beautiful libraries have been named after me：a small community library in Quakertown，Pennsylvania，and the huge research library located at the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley.And I like libraries so much that I married a librarian.

　　46.The nucleus of any public library is the car，d catalog.

　　47.Yesterday’s best sellers are still good for readin9，which shouldn’t be overlooked.

　　48.The author suggests that people should go to the library for answers when things go wrong

　　49.The Reader，s Guide is a green—bound index which provides a guide to very latest expert information of any subject that interests readers.

　　50.The sure remedy to kick the TV habit is to take home from the library interesting books to read.

　　51.There are various kinds of fun and rewarding projects available in different libraries.

　　52.A notebook will help readers to record the identification numbers of the frequently used books which can’t be taken home.

　　53.Readers should not try to return the book taken from the stacks to their desk to its proper place.

　　54.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves.

　　55.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves.

　　46.The nucleus of any public library is the card catalog.任何公共圖書館的核心都是卡片目錄。

　　【解析】 F)。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞The nucleus ofany public library可將本句定位在F)段的前四句。怎樣找到這些，或其他你想找的書呢?很簡單——用卡片目錄。每次去圖書館的時候——我每周至少去一次——在做任何事之前，我每次都會徑直走向卡片目錄。它是所有公共圖書館的核心。

　　47.Yesterday’s best sellers are still good for readin9，which shouldn’t be overlooked.過去的暢銷書仍然值得一讀，不容錯過。

　　【解析】 E)。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞yesterday’s best sellers可定位在E)段的前三句。有些人讀書只限于當前受到熱評的暢銷書。哦，他們錯過了多少好東西呀!圖書館滿是從前的暢銷書;而且它們在今天仍深深吸引著讀者。

　　48.The author suggests that people should go to the library for answers when things go wrong.

　　作者建議遇到難題到圖書館尋求答案。

　　【解析】 A)。歸納題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞go to the library和when things go wron9可定位在A)段。作者在本段列舉了幾個生活中的難題，建議大家到圖書館尋求答案。歸納起來就是：作者建議遇到難題到圖書館尋求答案。

　　49.The Reader’s Guide is a green—bound index which provides a guide to very latest expert information of any subject that interests readers.《讀者指南》是一本綠色封皮的索引書，可以指導(dǎo)你找到你感興趣的任何主題的最新專業(yè)信息。

　　【解析】 I)。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞The Reader’s Guide可定位在I)段的前半部分。還要學(xué)會使用《期刊文獻讀者指南》。這本綠色封面的索引是所有圖書館最有用的物品之一。它能查詢到各大主要雜志上

　　所有的文章，包括報紙雜志增刊上面的文章。因此，它能引導(dǎo)你找到任何你感興趣的話題的最新專業(yè)信息。

　　50.The sure remedy to kick the TV habit is to take home from the library interesting books to read.為戒掉看電視的習(xí)慣，一個穩(wěn)妥的補救方法就是從圖書館帶回家一些有趣的書來讀。

　　【解析】C)。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞kick the TV habit和sure remedy可定位在C)段的第一、二句。

　　作者建議為了戒掉看電視的習(xí)慣，可以從圖書館帶書回家讀。

　　51.There are various kinds of fun and rewarding projects available in different libraries. 不同圖書館有各種有趣有益的

　　段落信息匹配題基本信息

　　題目：Q46-Q55

　　建議答題順序：建議在精讀完成后再做

　　預(yù)估難度系數(shù)：4星

　　段落信息匹配題較選詞和精讀來說，相對簡單。要求大家做到兩點：

　　1 不要錯過信息--即認真找;

　　2 發(fā)現(xiàn)同義替換--即答案對應(yīng)處。

　　很多同學(xué)在做段落信息匹配題的時候，犯的最大的錯誤就是看到一個詞馬上選擇。那么我們到底該如何處理題目和原文段落的匹配。技巧就是“2+1”原則--即題目和原文某段出現(xiàn)兩處原詞(相同詞匯)加上一處同義替換時(或兩處同義替換加一個原詞時)，匹配度最高。有原詞并不一定對，匹配題考的仍然是同義替換。

　　例如：

　　D)The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?

　　51.Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%。(201312)

　　55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job。(201312)

　　很多同學(xué)在看完題目后，不假思索的作出選擇將D段落與55題對應(yīng)，沒想到恰恰掉入出題人的陷阱。雖然有一個數(shù)字“50%”對應(yīng)，“千萬不要只看到一個數(shù)字或特殊詞匯馬上選擇”，牢記“2+1”原則。通過閱讀題目我們發(fā)現(xiàn)55題的意思為：百分之五十的學(xué)生找不到合適的工作;而原文講的是物價上漲百分之五十。意思完全不一樣。

　　解匹配題的三大要點：

　　1做題順序不要亂，以確保我們能在十五分鐘規(guī)定的`時間內(nèi)完成。先看題目，后讀文章，讀文章時抓住首尾句以及轉(zhuǎn)折信息;

　　2定位時到底選什么樣的詞去找才能即準確又快速?(我們會在6月1日的沖刺班上給大家詳細講解);

　　3 最核心的解題技巧就是上文所提到的“2+1”原則，找出同義替換才是解題之本。希望大家學(xué)會靈活應(yīng)用。

　　職稱英語考試真題及答案解析：綜合類C級閱讀理解

　　Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?

　　When people argue about whether coffee is good for health,they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker.Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However,coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways,too.

　　Traditionally,coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(樹冠)of taller indigenous(土生土長的)trees.However,more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees.At first,this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees.With increased production come increased profits.

　　Unfortunately,deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat.Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

　　Furthermore,in the long term,the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee.The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant,but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die.The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well,and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

　　Fortunately,farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade.We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure,these varieties might cost a little more.But we're paying for the health of the birds,the land,ourselves,and the planet.I think it's worth it.

　　31.What is the main idea of this passage? 文章的主旨是

　　A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.農(nóng)民正改變他們種咖啡的方式

　　B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.種植咖啡越來越貴

　　C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.蔽光生長的咖啡比向光生長的咖啡貴

　　D.People should buy shade-grown coffee.人們應(yīng)該買蔽光生長的咖啡

　　【答案】A

　　32.The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____.段落2中的traditionally 作用是來顯示

　　A.the positive effects of coffee.咖啡的積極作用

　　B.a change of coffee growth.咖啡成長的變化

　　C.something that is the most important.最重要的事情

　　D.how coffee production used to be.咖啡生產(chǎn)過去如何

　　【答案】B

　　33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?陽光充足的咖啡增加的產(chǎn)量帶來什么?

　　A.More insects.更多的昆蟲

　　B.Better quality coffee.質(zhì)量更好的`咖啡

　　C.Larger farms.更大的農(nóng)場

　　D.Higher profits.更高利潤

　　【答案】D

　　34.How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?農(nóng)民如何找更多的土地來種植陽光充足的咖啡

　　A.They buy more land from other farmers.

　　B.They cut down trees.

　　C.They move to another country.

　　D.They turn grassland into farmland.

　　【答案】B

　　35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun 方式可能影響以下....

　　A.insects.昆蟲

　　B.air.空氣

　　C.brids.鳥

　　D.humans人類

　　【答案】B

　　職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類A級真題及答案解析：閱讀理解

　　第五十篇 15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder (教材上閱讀理解)

　　 Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.

　　The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.

　　“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,” Jerilyn Ross, the association’s president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday.

　　“The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,” Ross said.

　　Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. “It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,” she said.

　　People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,” she said.

　　Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.

　　“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on1,” Pollack said. “The typical age of onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to2 earlier childhood.”

　　The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up3, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.

　　Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn’t want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.

　　However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact，59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.

　　第十四篇 Young Adults WhoExercise Get Higher IQ Scores (教材上完形填空)

　　Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.

　　The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.

　　The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

　　By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a higher IQ.

　　“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

　　The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.

　　2016職稱英語考試真題及答案解析：理工A閱讀理解

　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

　　第一篇 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu

　　IF a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case.

　　But it’s a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemi

　　C. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We don’t want people wearing them everywhere,” said the CD

　　C. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.”

　　When that’s not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, you’re healthy and can’t avoid going to a crowded place. Second t you’re sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who’s sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out.

　　Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experience

　　D. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.

　　During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why aren’t masks added to this self-protection list? Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead.

　　Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you’ve been expose

　　D. It’s harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.

　　Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.

　　31. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. Widespread use of face masks.

　　B. Possibility of a worldwide flu outbreak

　　C. New discoveries of a face mask research.

　　D. Effectiveness of wearing face masks

　　32. The CDC suggests that people

　　A. stay alone when being sick.

　　B. wear face masks when going to a crowded place.

　　C. wear face masks wherever possible.

　　D. remain at home if living with someone who’s sick.

　　33. The word "that" in Paragraph 3 refers to

　　A. making preparations.

　　B. avoiding exposure

　　C. coming up with guidelines.

　　D. wearing face masks everywhere.

　　34. Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. Scientists warn the next flu is coming soon.

　　B. Asian bird flu is spreading easily from person to person.

　　C. Masks protect people because they keep viruses away.

　　D. Masks are not effective if a flu strikes.

　　35. One of the concerns the CDC has is that

　　A .masks may give people a wrong assumption of being safe.

　　B. the sick may not wear masks and go out.

　　C. flu virus may spread via public transportation.

　　D. healthy people may not know how to protect themselves.

　　第二篇 What’s killing the Bats

　　First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affecte

　　D. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.

　　One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌)known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don't know If the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.

　　Another possible cause is a lack of foo

　　D. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can’t eat enough food, they starve to death.

　　Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠)bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.

　　Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren't enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat While bats live a long time for their size 一 the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years 一 a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.

　　How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.

　　36. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. All species of bats in North America are dying.

　　B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats

　　C. The bat deaths are a serious problem.

　　D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.

　　37. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

　　A. Bees have been dying mysteriously.

　　B. The first article on the website is about bees.

　　C. Bees usually die before bats.

　　D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.

　　38. The word “pipistrelle" in Paragraph 1 refers to

　　A. a kind of fungus.

　　B. an area in the U.S.

　　C. a special cave.

　　D. a kind of bat.

　　39. The "moths" in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of

　　A. diseases that kill bats.

　　B. Insects that bats eat.

　　C. animals that have diseases.

　　D. bat species that are starving to death.

　　40. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

　　A. To get people to stop killing bats.

　　B. To hire workers for the Fish & Wildlife Department.

　　C. To ask people not to touch dead bats.

　　D. To tell the public how to help bats.

　　第三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light

　　Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.

　　That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem： photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.

　　In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.

　　Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon， but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

　　“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.

　　However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.

　　41. PVTs are not efficient in

　　A. creating electricity.

　　B. cooling silicon solar cells.

　　C. generating heat.

　　D. powering solar thermal collectors.

　　42. One of the problems PVTs have is that

　　A. their thermal applications are costly.

　　B. they are too expensive to afford.

　　C. they occupy too much space.

　　D. it is hard to fix them on the roof.

　　43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?

　　A. They are electrically efficient.

　　B. They are less expensive.

　　C. They are flexible.

　　D. They are environment friendly.

　　44. Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market because

　　A. their advantages are not well-recognized.

　　B. they do not work well if exposed to light.

　　C. they need improving in appearance.

　　D. they are not advertised.

　　45 Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.

　　B. New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.

　　C. Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.

　　D. A new material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.

　　高考英語閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及答案6

　　With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives.Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 處于沮喪中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.

　　How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your comer store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with.My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine.This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (禮貌) to speak to others that are around you.

　　I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say.Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face.They don't get the joke that makes others laugh.I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space.How can people not get a really funny joke?

　　Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control.Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy.There is too much sadness in this present world.It drives people crazy.We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives.So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.

　　51.According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________.

　　A.it makes people more confident

　　B.it can pick up people' s spirits

　　C.it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world

　　D.it can help people get on well with others

　　52.The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ___________.

　　A.facts and descriptions B.evidence and argument

　　C.examples and conclusion D.stories and persuasion

　　53.The phrase “busting a gut" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________.

　　A.explaining carefully B.speaking loud

　　C.keeping silent D.laughing hard

　　54.In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________.