考研基礎英語試題目

　　無論是身處學校還是步入社會，我們很多時候都會有考試，接觸到試題，借助試題可以檢測考試者對某方面知識或技能的掌握程度。一份好的試題都是什么樣子的呢？下面是小編精心整理的考研基礎英語試題目，希望能夠幫助到大家。

　　考研基礎英語試題目 篇1

　　Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate thing or process which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature.Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind.Being universally understood by the divorce of particular science or art, they have the precision of mathematical formula.Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it.Thousands of this terms are popularly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of English language than actually within its borders.

　　Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies.In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, they have occupied great number of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old.It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language.Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities.The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their old strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary.Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech.And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts.Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn.Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation.Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild.The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way.Furthermore, what is called popular science makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discovers.Any important experiment, thought made in remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it—as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy.Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.

　　1.This passage is primarily concerned with _______.

　　[A] a new language

　　[B] technical terminology

　　[C] various occupations and professions

　　[D] scientific undertakings

　　2.Special words used in technical discussion_________.

　　[A] may become part of common speech

　　[B] should be confined to scientific fields

　　[C] should resemble mathematical formulae

　　[D] are considered artificial speech

　　3.It is true that____________.

　　[A] the average man of uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him

　　[B] various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons

　　[C] there is always a clear-cut non-technical word that may be substituted for the technical word

　　[D] an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms

　　4.In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in nomenclature of __________.

　　[A] farming

　　[B] government

　　[C] botany

　　[D] fishing

　　5.The author‘s main purpose in the passage is to _________.

　　[A] describe a phenomenon

　　[B] argue a belief

　　[C] propose a solution

　　[D] stimulate action

　　Passage Three

　　During the second half of the nineteenth century, in the United States both the stimulus to produce landscape art and the subject of landscape altered appreciably as the pressure of events surrounding the Civil War witnessed the emergence of a new national consciousness.It was a time when certain fundamental religious beliefs were assaulted by new scientific theory and when new critical writing, particularly those of John Ruskin, exercised an important influence on art.The landscape painting from the Ganz collection provides an opportunity to examine the shifts in taste and the pluralities of style that characterized American Landscape painting, especially in the latter part of the century.

　　In the early years of the nineteenth century American Landscape was closely associated with the republican ideals of the new nation and took on significance in the popular imagination as a form of national propaganda.Landscape painting was conceived of as a vehicle for the presentation of the new republic‘s unique historical and moral position in world history.This position was supported by Thomas Cole, the dean of the Hudson river School, and was based on a religious interpretation of wilderness themes.While the American concern for the founding of a school of historical landscape was most assertive in the first half of the century and was confirmed in such grandly ambitious paintings as Café’s famous instructive moral one

　　portraying the COURSE OF EMPIRE, the interest in crating a national art based on American nature continued to influence the formal evolution of landscape painting.

　　6.with what topic is the passage primarily concerned?

　　[A] The normal position of the United States.

　　[B] John Ruskin's influence on nineteenth century art.

　　[C] A religious interpretation of wilderness themes.

　　[D] The evolution of landscape painting in the United States

　　7.What phenomenon does the author mention as occurring at the time of the Civil War?

　　[A] The revival of fundamental religious beliefs.

　　[B] An increased interest in national geography.

　　[C] A period of depression on the arts and sciences.

　　[D] The emergence of new national consciousness.

　　8.According to the author, why is the Ganz collection significant？

　　[A] It reflects changes in American Landscape painting.

　　[B] It includes many critical writing of the era.

　　[C] It appeals to the popular imagination of republicans.

　　[D] It documents the painting of the Hudson River School.

　　9.According to the author, landscape painting early in the nineteenth century was used to _________.

　　[A] finance a school of historical landscape painting

　　[B] further the ambitions of young politicians

　　[C] represent and reaffirm a new nation

　　[D] realistically portray the physical beauty

　　10.what does the word assaulted mean?

　　[A] Attacked

　　[B] Praised

　　[C] Scolded

　　[D] Satirized

　　考研基礎英語試題目 篇2

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1 __ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3 __ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.__4__ , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5 __ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.

　　The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, __9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and __10__ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may __12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.

　　Divorce is legal and easy to __14__ ,but not common. Divoreced persons are __15__with some disapproval. Each spouse retains __16__ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__ the woman must wait ten months.

　　1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to

　　[標準答案] [C] as well as

　　[考點分析] 邏輯關系

　　[選項分析] 因為考查邏輯關系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：空格處身處大環境not only…but also之中，這是一個明顯的并列關系，表示“不僅……而且……”，該空后面的those指代前文出現的“parents and friends”，顯然“the young man”與“the young woman”為并列關系，表示“與他本人以及伴侶的父母朋友相關”，所以答案只能是[C]項as well as 也，又。[A]項by way of 通過，[D]項with regard to 關于，[B]項on behalf of 代表。

　　2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on

　　[標準答案] [D] decide on

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義

　　[選項分析] 根據該句的主語a young man與賓語a likely spouse的關系，答案只能是[D]項decide on“決定”，表示自己決定自己的配偶。[B]項provide for為……提供準備……，provide為及物動詞，直接跟賓語，不需要加介詞;[C]項compete with“與……競爭”，[A]項adapt to“適用”。

　　3. [A] close [B] remew [C] arrange [D] postpone

　　[標準答案] [C] arrange

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞辨析

　　[選項分析] 該句意思為：他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母_____婚姻談判。四個選項中，[A]項close 關閉;[B]項renew 更新，恢復;[D]項postpone 推遲;這三項語義不正確，只有[C]項arrange“安排”符合語境。

　　4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example

　　[標準答案] [B] In theory

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義

　　[選項分析] 邏輯判斷題主要是看前后兩句的含義，前面說“他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排婚姻談判，或者完全由父母選擇對象，不給孩子選擇的機會。”空格后面說“女方可以否決她父母所選擇的對象。”這兩句之間顯然是相反的關系，且有一個may，更證明[B]項In theory“理論上說”的正確性，而其他選項[A]項Above all最重要的是，[C]項In time 準時，[D]項For example舉例，均不符合題意。

　　5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless

　　[標準答案] [C] After

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義

　　[選項分析] 根據下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other…”可知，只有對象選擇好后，父母才會去調查對方，顯然表達的是時間先后順序，所以只有after才對。其他選項[A]項Although 盡管， [B]項Lest 以免，唯恐，[D]Unless 除非，否則都不符合題意。

　　6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through

　　[標準答案] [A] into

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及介詞辨析

　　[選項分析] 這里主要是看marry與相關介詞的固定搭配及句意理解。這里marry into就是指“通過婚姻得到[成為]……的一員”，而其他選項均沒有這層含義。

　　7. [A] since [B] or [C] but [D] so

　　[標準答案] [C] but

　　[考點分析] 邏輯關系

　　[選項分析] 根據上文“以前婚禮會持續三天”，出處句子意為“到了20世紀80年代，婚禮只持續一天半”，顯然與前文發生轉變，為對比關系，因此選擇[C]項but 但是。

　　8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create

　　[標準答案] [C] recite

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞辨析

　　[選項分析] 空格處需要填一個動詞，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，[C]項recite 有“吟誦、朗誦”的意思，與所給短語搭配最為合理，譯為“吟誦祝福的祈禱文”。

　　9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying

　　[標準答案] [D] tying

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞辨析

　　[選項分析] 本題需要根據上下文語義分析，空格處需要搭配后文“棉線”，縱觀四個選項[A]項 折疊，[B]項 堆積，[C]項 包裹，[D]項 系上，根據后文的“around the bride’s and groom’s wrists 在新郎和新娘的腰間”，只有[D]項“將在圣水中浸過的棉線系在新郎和新娘的腰間”符合句意。

　　10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving

　　[標準答案] [A] passing

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞辨析

　　[選項分析] 原文空格需要填寫一個動詞與后文“around a circle”來搭配，譯為“將蠟燭傳一圈”，故[A]項“傳遞”為正確選項。[B]項 點亮，[C]項 隱藏，[D]項 服務。

　　11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union

　　[標準答案] [D] union

　　[考點分析] 名詞辨析

　　[選項分析] 本句語義為“將蠟燭繞著幸福完婚和受人尊敬的夫妻傳遞一圈來祝福 ”，[D]項 結合，引申為“婚姻”之意;根據語境，[D]項正確。

　　12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live

　　[標準答案] [D] live

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞辨析

　　[選項分析] 本題比較簡單。根據語義“根據傳統，新婚夫婦要搬到妻子父母家，與父母____一年”，[D]項“生活”為最佳答案。[C]項 交易，[B]項 分開，[A]項 成長。

　　13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for

　　[標準答案] [B] until

　　[考點分析] 時間邏輯關系

　　[選項分析] 本句意為“_____他們在附近建造一棟新房子”，[A]項 然而，[B]項 直到，[D]項因為，[C]項 如果，結合前文“新婚夫婦根據傳統要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在一定的時間關系，[B]項“直到”最符合原文語境，搭配最為合理。

　　14. [A] avoid [B] follow [C] challenge [D] obtain

　　[標準答案] [D] obtain

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞辨析

　　[選項分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common. 該句句意為“離婚是合法的，且相對容易____。”[A]項avoid避免，[B]項follow跟隨，[C]項challenge挑戰，質疑，[D]項obtain獲得，實現。根據關鍵詞“legal”可知這里表達的是正面的意思，再根據句意選擇[D]項。

　　15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed

　　[標準答案] [C] viewed

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞辨析

　　[選項分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. 離婚的人 一些不認可。本段第一句提到“離婚是合法的且相對容易得到批準，但是不常見。”這句其實是在說明離婚并不常見的原因，[A]項isolated孤立，[B]項persuaded勸說，[C]項viewed看待，[D]項exposed接觸，受到……的影響，[C]項最符合句意。

　　16. [A] whereever [B] whatever [C] whenever [D] however

　　[標準答案] [B] whatever

　　[考點分析] 關系代詞辨析

　　[選項分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage. 17小題四個選項都是動詞，所以該句意思為：夫婦雙方保有財產，這個財產是他或她進婚姻的。結合[A]項 whereever“無論何地;任何(地方)=any place where(定從)”;[B]項 whatever“無論什么;任何(東西)=anything that/any+N that”;[C]項 whenever無論何時;任何時間=any time when;[D]項 however無論如何;無論多么。根據語義，這里應該不是讓步的關系，而且填的這個詞還要能修飾property。因此，選擇[B]項，等于retains any property that he or she……。

　　17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed

　　[標準答案] [B] brought

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage，結合[A]項 changed“改變”，[B]項 brought “帶來”，[C]項 shaped“形成”，[D]項 pushed“推，逼迫”。結合語境只有[B]項符合句意，意為“把財產帶入婚姻”。

　　18. [A] invested [B] divided [C] donated [D] withdrawn

　　[標準答案] [B] divided

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] ...and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. 結合[A]項invested投資;[B]項divided分配;分開;[C]項donated 捐贈;[D]項withdrawn撤出，提取。根據語義應該是共同財產被(夫妻雙方)平分，因此選擇[B]項。

　　19. [A] warms [B] clears [C] shows [D] breaks

　　[標準答案] [C] shows

　　[考點分析] 動詞固定搭配

　　[選項分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. 該句語義為離過婚的人或許會再婚，但是性別偏見 。[A]項warm up加熱，熱身;[B]項clear up(天氣)變晴，收拾，消除;[C]項show up顯現;[D]項break up分裂，分開;根據句意，選擇[C]項。

　　20. [A] while [B] so that [C] once [D] in that

　　[標準答案] [A] while

　　[選項分析] 上下文語義

　　[考點分析] 本句句意為：離婚的男性再婚不需要等待期，女性必須等十個月。顯然前后兩句存在轉折關系，只有[A]項while“然而”能夠表達這個意思。

　　考研基礎英語試題目 篇3

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

　　The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

　　Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

　　The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

　　The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

　　The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

　　In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

　　Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

　　21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

　　[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.

　　[B] New runways would be constructed.

　　[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.

　　[D] The fashion industry would decline.

　　【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined

　　【解析】 推斷題。根據France定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國決定時裝業失去了定義(define)形體美(physical beauty)的絕對權力。法國的立法者通過了一項法律，雇用超瘦的`模特屬于犯罪，議會也禁止網站通過推崇極端節食“鼓動過度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他們建議美麗不應該以傷害身體健康為代價的外表來界定。”由此可知，法國通過立法手段來改變法國時裝業模特超瘦的現狀，即[A]項的“形體美將會被重新定義”，是對原文內容的合理推斷。[B]項“將會建造新的舞臺”，[C]項“有關節食的網站將會興起”，[D]項“時裝業將會衰退”，均不能從文中推測出來，屬于“無中生有”。

　　22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____

　　[A] heightening the value of.

　　[B] indicating the state of.

　　[C] losing faith in.

　　[D] doing harm to.

　　【答案】 [D] doing harm to

　　【解析】猜詞題。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他們建議美麗不應該以 身體健康為代價的外表來界定。”impinging on后面的賓語為“health”，即對健康的某種影響。根據第二段第三句“對超瘦模特的禁令似乎不僅僅是在防止模特挨餓致死——正如曾有人這么做過的”，可見法國目前的對美麗的定義導致了有人為了保持身材，挨餓致死，因此推測出這一短語在這里的意思為“侵犯，傷害”，[D]項“對……有害”正確。[A]項“增強了……的價值”，[B]項“反映了……的狀態”，[C]項“對……失去信心”均不符合句意。

　　23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

　　[A] The French measures have already failed.

　　[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.

　　[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.

　　[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

　　【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

　　【解析】細節題。根據第五段第二句話“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麥，它正嘗試為模特設定自愿的標準……”，可知[B]項“在丹麥新的標準正在被設定”是對原文的同義替換。[A]項“法國的措施失敗了”;[C]項“不再有來自同行執法的壓力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，屬于“正反混淆”;[D]項“它固有的問題變得更嚴重了”，文中第五段只提及時裝業有固有的問題，并未提及“變得更嚴重”，屬于“無中生有”。

　　24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

　　[A] setting a high age threshold for models.

　　[B] caring too much about models’ character.

　　[C] showing little concern for health factors.

　　[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

　　【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors

　　【解析】推斷題。題設為“一個設計師很可能因為什么原因被CFW拒絕”，根據關鍵詞CFW可回到文中定位至倒數第二段，該段提到丹麥的時尚界就有關模特的年齡、健康及其他特性的內容達成一致意見，且一項新法案也明確規定，他們已經意識到時尚界對于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來的影響，并且應該對此承擔責任，這一法規的執行方式就是拒絕一些設計師和模特經紀機構參加哥本哈根時裝周(CFW)。因此[C]項的“不關心健康因素”符合題意，為正確答案。[D]項“追求完美的身體狀況”，[B]項的“過多關注模特的性格”，[A]項“設定了一個模特高齡門檻”，均不符合題意。

　　25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

　　[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

　　[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

　　[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

　　[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　【解析】主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國通過立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，時裝業已經失去了定義女性身體之美的絕對權力，且議會也禁止網站通過宣傳過度節食來強調過度消瘦。第二段繼續說明美麗不能只看外表，更不能以犧牲健康為代價，時裝業應該為傳遞給女性的不良信息負責。第三段說明女性不該讓他人來評判自己的美麗。第四段講法國的措施更多的是依靠嚴厲的懲罰。最后三段提到了丹麥與法國截然不同的措施。縱觀全文，文章主要在講各個國家對解決目前模特超瘦的現狀的措施，因此[D]項的“對時裝業身體典范的挑戰”是對原文的“高度概括”。

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