社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類議論文習(xí)作例析
一、習(xí)作原文
【習(xí)作題目】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
1．學(xué)生給老師打分已很普遍；
2．人們對(duì)其持不同態(tài)度（肯定或否定的態(tài)度）；
3．你的看法。
【習(xí)作解讀】
顯然，此任務(wù)是寫一篇議論文，主題為對(duì)學(xué)生給老師打分的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行議論，開放性較大。學(xué)生應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，從多個(gè)方面闡述其原因并表達(dá)自己對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。該話題更加貼近學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活，但有一定的語言難度，也有一定的思想深度。通過此文的寫作，也從側(cè)面提示了學(xué)生在注重寫作基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練的前提下，也應(yīng)該注重培養(yǎng)積極思考、靈活運(yùn)用、自由發(fā)揮等能力。
此次的寫作任務(wù)出題相當(dāng)巧妙，寫作內(nèi)容涉及的詞匯和句型都屬于新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍。題目在考查學(xué)生寫作能力的同時(shí)，也在考查學(xué)生的分析判斷能力及高度概括能力。富有想象力的學(xué)生寫出的文章可能生動(dòng)而富有靈性。此題目能引發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)平日習(xí)以為常的行為進(jìn)行反思，學(xué)會(huì)換位思考，這對(duì)中學(xué)生的性格和品德培養(yǎng)非常重要。
【習(xí)作展示】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
Nowadays, a lot of schools ask their students to contribute to grading their teachers. As a teacher, it is their responsibility to satisfy their students in all aspects. Meanwhile, it is admirable that school teachers prefer to expose themselves to their students.
If the system of grading of teachers by students is introduced, it will benefit students, teachers and the administration of the school for a number of reasons. For one thing, the system will give teachers and the administration of the school an insight into the minds of the students and show whether the teachers are successful in getting their lessons understood by the students; for another, it will also encourage the good teachers to continue their efforts and motivate themselves. What is more, it will expose those who are not doing enough and will lead them to correct their teaching methods as well as their attitude towards students. Thus the quality of teaching will certainly improve.
In a word, it is a promising concept and will bring surprisingly good results if applied with the right conditions.
【習(xí)作點(diǎn)評(píng)】
作者觀點(diǎn)明確，贊成學(xué)生給老師打分。作為老師，就要做一個(gè)讓學(xué)生滿意的老師。這樣，不僅對(duì)學(xué)生、學(xué)校有利，而且對(duì)老師本人也有利。這樣，老師就會(huì)從另一個(gè)角度重新審視自己，看自己是否是一個(gè)成功的老師。如果得到學(xué)生的認(rèn)可，這將是對(duì)自己的一次鼓勵(lì)，為繼續(xù)前行增添動(dòng)力。如果學(xué)生的認(rèn)可度不高，老師就應(yīng)進(jìn)行反思，調(diào)控教學(xué)方法和教學(xué)態(tài)度。這樣，教學(xué)質(zhì)量肯定會(huì)提高。作
者用簡(jiǎn)潔、明快的語言以及自己的經(jīng)歷列舉了充分的論據(jù)，內(nèi)容充實(shí)，貼近生活。For one thing, for another, what is more, in a word等過渡詞的使用，是短文結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，層次分明。最后，最值得一提的是，文中多次正確運(yùn)用的高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜句式，給文章增添了不少文采。綜上所述，這是一篇不可多得的佳作，值得向大家推薦。
二、寫作模板
此模板適用于社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類議論文。參考模式如下：
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental There are a couple of reasons behind this problem/phenomenon. For one ；Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people
Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon—with the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones to their friends and relatives when an important holiday comes.
There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. For one thing, compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more lively and interesting. They can give not only pictures but also sound and animation. For another, there are many websites online which offer varieties of cards for you to choose from. What is more, with the popularity of the electronic cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which does good to our environment.
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that sending greetings by using electronic cards will be accepted by more and more people, not only the young ones.
三、寫作指導(dǎo)
寫作思路是先列出一個(gè)具體的社會(huì)問題或者現(xiàn)象，然后分析產(chǎn)生的原因和產(chǎn)生的影響，最后提出解決問題的辦法，或者得出結(jié)論，或者提出個(gè)人看法，或者預(yù)測(cè)前景。
論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證是議論文的三要素。論點(diǎn)是作者對(duì)所議論問題所持有的見解和主張，論據(jù)是用來證明論點(diǎn)的事實(shí)和道理的`根據(jù)；論證是用論據(jù)來證明論點(diǎn)的方法和過程。一般來說，議論文每段都有主題句來確定論點(diǎn)。論證的方法很多，但最常用的是因果分析法。即：分析事實(shí)與論點(diǎn)的因果關(guān)系，指出取得結(jié)果的原因是所要證明的論點(diǎn)，從而達(dá)到論證的目的。
在近幾年的高考中，議論文的比重占得越來越多，議論文的出題形式可以多種多樣，有看圖寫作、圖表、表格、書信等各種類型，但文體實(shí)際是議論文，而有時(shí)是夾敘的議論文。議論文的寫作要點(diǎn)是：
1. 觀點(diǎn)鮮明，文章一定有一個(gè)明確的中心論點(diǎn)。
2. 層次分明，一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn)通常有幾個(gè)分論點(diǎn)支持，不同層次之間要分明，過渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要總結(jié)全文，得出一個(gè)符合邏輯的結(jié)論，突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
5. 語言簡(jiǎn)潔有力，一般不采用口語。
四、鞏固練習(xí)
1.【練習(xí)題目】
2010年上海世界博覽會(huì)期間，上萬的青年志愿者參加志愿工作，請(qǐng)你談?wù)剬?duì)此現(xiàn)象的看法。
【參考范文】
During the period of holding the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of young citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention.
It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others.
Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society.
In a word, it is of great value for the young adults to offer volunteer work. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country?
2.【練習(xí)題目】
某些中學(xué)生為了顯示自己成熟或表明自己醋而吸煙。請(qǐng)寫一篇120詞左右的短文，列舉吸煙的危害，并提出建議。
【參考范文】
I am sorry to know that more and more middle school students begin to smoke. I think it is wrong to believe that smoking is cool and even think that smoking makes you appear to be mature. In fact, smoking is not cool but very dangerous.
First, smoking can do much damage to health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart diseases, cancers and other problems. It is reported that about 5 million people die of diseases related to smoking each year all over the world.
Second, it is a waste of money to smoke cigarettes. Smoking can cost a great deal of money. Once you are addicted to it, it is difficult to give it up.
What’s more, smoking can cause fires easily, which may do great damage to your life and your surroundings.
So give up smoking at once! Only in this way can you keep healthy forever.
3. 【練習(xí)題目】近年來，越來越多的中學(xué)生出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，出現(xiàn)了所謂的中學(xué)生“出國(guó)熱”。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提供的信息，談?wù)勛约旱目捶ā?/p>
1）良好的語言環(huán)境，更利于語言學(xué)習(xí)。
2）拓寬視野，學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)外先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)。
3）傳播各民族間的不同文化。
參考詞匯：媒介，中間人：mediator
【參考范文】
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study．Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.
There are a number of reasons for attending schools abroad．First, students who are studying abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. They can communicate with each other directly and learn about different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries and experience different education methods．Third, they live in foreign countries and take classes given by foreign teachers. As a result, they can learn foreign languages much more quickly.
Therefore, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.
4.【練習(xí)題目】隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展，道路上的私人小汽車越來越多。請(qǐng)根據(jù)自己的觀察和理解，談?wù)勛约旱挠^點(diǎn)。
【參考范文】
With the fantastic development both in economy and in society in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But I strongly object to the increase in developing private cars.
I hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run on the road, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic jams so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.
In a word, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore, I am against developing private cars.
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