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全國翻譯水平能力測(cè)試題題庫及答案（通用6套）
在社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，我們經(jīng)常跟試題打交道，借助試題可以更好地考核參考者的知識(shí)才能。那么問題來了，一份好的試題是什么樣的呢？以下是小編幫大家整理的全國翻譯水平能力測(cè)試題題庫及答案，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
全國翻譯水平能力測(cè)試題題庫及答案 1
2023年11月CATTI全國翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題及答案
英譯漢 Passage One
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and womens empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO.
性別平等不僅是一項(xiàng)基本人權(quán)，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)世界和平、繁榮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要基礎(chǔ)。為女性提供平等的教育、醫(yī)療保健、體面工作以及確保她們?cè)谡魏徒?jīng)濟(jì)決策過程中的代表權(quán)，將促進(jìn)可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，并在更大層面造福社會(huì)和全人類。因此，堅(jiān)持性別平等，賦予婦女權(quán)力是教科文組織的首要優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)之一。
This is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.
這是一項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略性策略，旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)男女平等。因此，無論男性和女性，他們的關(guān)切和經(jīng)歷都要融入所有政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)領(lǐng)域政策和方案的設(shè)計(jì)、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)測(cè)和評(píng)估，從而使男女平等受益，阻止不平等現(xiàn)象的持續(xù)蔓延。
Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues globally, buoyed by several legal and normative instruments: conventions and declarations. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter, which was the outcome of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, in 1995, emphasizes the key role of media to promote gender equality in all spheres; all stake-holders are called to join forces to combat “stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s access to and participation in all communication systems, especially in the media”. UNESCO’s commitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i) gender-specific programming and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO’s fields work.
性別平等問題日益在全球引發(fā)關(guān)注，也得益于若干法律和規(guī)范性文書（公約和宣言）的出臺(tái)，其中最主要的是《消除對(duì)婦女一切形式歧視公約》和《北京宣言和行動(dòng)綱要》。后者是1995年聯(lián)合國第四次婦女問題世界會(huì)議的成果，強(qiáng)調(diào)媒體在促進(jìn)所有領(lǐng)域兩性平等方面的關(guān)鍵作用，并呼吁所有利益關(guān)聯(lián)方攜手破除對(duì)“對(duì)婦女的陳舊觀念，消除婦女獲得和參與信息交流領(lǐng)域尤其是媒介領(lǐng)域所遭遇的不平等現(xiàn)象”。教科文組織在這方面的承諾和戰(zhàn)略是通過兩種方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)的：（1）根據(jù)性別設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目；（2）在教科文組織的所有領(lǐng)域工作中實(shí)施性別關(guān)注行動(dòng)。
UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in the media, and equality in news reporting on women and men, are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.
教科文組織的傳播和信息部門積極踐行這個(gè)承諾，并在全球范圍內(nèi)在其各部門和主要行動(dòng)中采取了針對(duì)性舉措。實(shí)現(xiàn)在媒介組織和媒介內(nèi)容男女平等具有同等的重要性，也是我們一直在努力實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。教科文組織與國際記者聯(lián)合會(huì)和許多其他合作伙伴合作，通過了這一全球媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)框架協(xié)議，以有效評(píng)估媒體的相關(guān)發(fā)展。
In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print associations contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enables UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the perspectives of these key partners. This enables us to stress that use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.
為了進(jìn)一步豐富媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)內(nèi)涵，實(shí)現(xiàn)指標(biāo)完善工作，教科文組織與其全球媒體合作伙伴在線進(jìn)行了第二輪磋商，吸納來自廣播和印刷協(xié)會(huì)這些關(guān)鍵合作伙伴提供的意見、建議和見解，以進(jìn)一步提高指標(biāo)質(zhì)量。與這些協(xié)會(huì)的協(xié)商是至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)樗菇炭莆慕M織能夠?qū)⑦@些關(guān)鍵合作伙伴的觀點(diǎn)納入全球戰(zhàn)略信息管理。這樣做也使我們強(qiáng)調(diào)，使用性別敏感指標(biāo)并不是試圖限制了言論自由和媒體獨(dú)立性，而是自愿去充實(shí)指標(biāo)應(yīng)有之義。教科文組織相信，如果性別敏感指標(biāo)得到充分實(shí)施，其將對(duì)性別平等事業(yè)的質(zhì)和量都產(chǎn)生影響。
英譯漢 Passage Two
When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth’s climate. By way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature—an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
當(dāng)我們用英尺而不是英寸來衡量降雨量時(shí)，我們就能切身感受氣候變化的影響。全球變暖，極端天氣增多，例如與大西洋颶風(fēng)季節(jié)有關(guān)的災(zāi)難性破壞、孟買的季風(fēng)雨和尼日爾的洪災(zāi)。對(duì)于人類而言，氣溫上升幾度不足以讓人發(fā)燒，但對(duì)于地球來說，影響確是根本性的。歷史上地球上的溫度僅僅下降了1到2攝氏度，地球一度變得基本上不適合居住——這個(gè)時(shí)代現(xiàn)在被稱為小冰河時(shí)代。為了應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化帶來的威脅，大多數(shù)國家作出重要努力，依據(jù)《巴黎協(xié)定》，減少溫室氣體排放，力求減緩全球變暖加劇。
But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of “climate engineering” or “geoengineering.” These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already under way.
但是，這些集體努力就足夠了嗎？一些科學(xué)家正在嘗試另一種方法，探索有意改變?nèi)驓夂蛳到y(tǒng)的新工具。這些不同而多樣的技術(shù)通常被歸為“氣候工程”或“地球工程”這一包羅萬象的模糊術(shù)語。這些截然不同的方法旨在通過從大氣中清除溫室氣體來阻止全球變暖的進(jìn)程，或者采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的變暖現(xiàn)象。
The problem is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.
但是問題是，盡管這些工具措施通過計(jì)算機(jī)模擬、實(shí)驗(yàn)室及現(xiàn)實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)都取得了進(jìn)展，但公眾卻對(duì)此并不知情，慢了半拍。迄今為止，圍繞這些努力的進(jìn)展、可行性、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和好處，其透明度不高和開展的國際對(duì)話也太少。事實(shí)上，氣候工程與當(dāng)前人們采取的緩解于適應(yīng)性措施并不是相互排斥的。另外，專家們普遍認(rèn)為，僅靠這些新的'技術(shù)方法不太可能提供足夠的保護(hù)，以應(yīng)對(duì)來自全球氣溫上升帶來的危險(xiǎn)。
In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that “man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment.” More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policymakers and the public.
1965年，科學(xué)咨詢委員會(huì)提出了對(duì)人為改變氣候變化的擔(dān)憂，并警告稱“人類正在無意中進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的地球物理實(shí)驗(yàn)。”50多年后，氣候工程領(lǐng)域在很大程度上仍然未知，尤其是對(duì)決策者和公眾而言。
There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations and regions.
無論采取還是摒棄氣候工程都確實(shí)存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。雖然支持或反對(duì)氣候工程的理由都很具有說服力，但決策者現(xiàn)在需要做的是掌握大量科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)，并盡可能多地詢問這些技術(shù)的運(yùn)用對(duì)個(gè)人、社會(huì)、國家和地區(qū)意味著什么。
漢譯英 Passage One
琴心和小核桃是兩個(gè)出生在2016年的“萌妹子”。在臥龍國家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)(National Nature Reserve）進(jìn)行了兩年的野化培訓(xùn)后，2018年12月27日，它們?cè)邶埾缓缈趪壹?jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)被放歸。當(dāng)時(shí)兩只熊貓接受了體檢，它們的生長發(fā)育和各項(xiàng)生理指標(biāo)均正常。
兩只大熊貓放歸后，科研人員組成的監(jiān)測(cè)小組立即著手對(duì)它們進(jìn)行跟蹤監(jiān)測(cè)。無線電監(jiān)測(cè)、GPS數(shù)據(jù)下載及分析、大熊貓糞便樣品采集、生存環(huán)境調(diào)查、紅外相機(jī)監(jiān)測(cè)等多種設(shè)備和手段的應(yīng)用，讓監(jiān)測(cè)隊(duì)員可以隨時(shí)掌握兩只熊貓的動(dòng)向。通過收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，開展野外研究，監(jiān)測(cè)人員希望了解兩個(gè)小家伙能否逐步適應(yīng)新的野外環(huán)境，融入野生大熊貓種群。
“我們保護(hù)區(qū)位于大熊貓分布區(qū)的中段，其顯著特點(diǎn)是直接聯(lián)系著岷山山系和邛山頂最大的大熊貓野生種群棲息地。”保護(hù)區(qū)虹口站站長劉波表示，“這里是野生大熊貓生存、繁衍以及圈養(yǎng)（captive-bred）大熊貓放歸的天然走廊。”
Qinxin (“Heart of Qin”) and Xiao Hetao (“Little Walnut”), two adorable pandas born in 2016, were released into Longxi - Hongkou National Nature Reserve on December 27, 2018 after two years of rewilding training in Wolong National Nature Reserve. Physical examination on the spot revealed that their growth and physiological indicators met all the required standards. Since their release, a dedicated team of researchers began to monitor the progress of the two animals, by harnessing radio monitoring systems, analyzing GPS data, collecting fecal samples, investigating their living environment, and deploying infrared camera detectors. Through data collection and field research, they could determine whether the pandas can accustom themselves to the new environment and fit into the wild panda population over time.
“This place is in the central section of the region where pandas are distributed. It is a direct link between the Minshan mountains and Qionglai mountains, both of which are the largest habitats of wild pandas,” said Liu Bo, head of Hongkou Station in the reserve. “It is not only a place where wild pandas live and reproduce, but also a natural corridor through which captive-bred pandas are reintroduced into the wilderness.”
漢譯英 Passage Two
污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)是全面建成小康社會(huì)決勝階段的三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)之一。目標(biāo)是到2020年生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善，主要污染物排放總量大幅減少，環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)得到有效管控。
The war on pollution is one of the three major campaigns launched by China in the decisive stage of its efforts to build a well-off society in all respects. The objective is to achieve an overall improvement in the ecological environment, a significant reduction in the emissions of major pollutants, and the effective control of environmental risks by 2020.
生態(tài)環(huán)境問題本質(zhì)上是高資源消耗、高污染排放的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式造成的。所以我們必須提高資源開發(fā)利用效率，減少資源消耗，并將生態(tài)文明(ecological conservation）的要求融入到經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中，加快形成節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式。我們要加快建立健全五大生態(tài)文明體系，即生態(tài)文化體系、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系、目標(biāo)責(zé)任體系、生態(tài)文明制度體系和生態(tài)安全體系等。這些體系的建立有助于我們從根本上解決生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。
Environmental issues are essentially results of an economic development model marked by excessive resource consumption and high pollutant emissions. Therefore, it is imperative to improve resource efficiency, reduce resource consumption, integrate environmental efforts into economic development, and facilitate the establishment of an industrial structure and way of life and work that is resource-efficient and environmentally-friendly, so as to provide time and space for nature to recover and develop. There is also a need to accelerate the construction of five systems surrounding ecological civilization in terms of culture, economy, objectives and accountability, institutions, and security, all of which, when established, will contribute to the fundamental resolution of environmental problems.
我們要樹立良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境是最大的民生福祉這一基本民生觀。堅(jiān)持生態(tài)為民，重點(diǎn)解決損害群眾健康的突出環(huán)境問題。從打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)到水污染防治、土壤污染防治、農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治、城市污水治理。還自然以寧靜、和諧、美麗，不斷滿足人民日益增長的對(duì)美好環(huán)境的要求。
In livelihood improvement, we must stay committed to the fundamental belief that an excellent ecological environment delivers the greatest wellbeing to the people. Therefore, guided by the mission of creating a high-quality environment for all, we take robust efforts to address pressing environmental problems that harm the public’s health. From winning the battle against air pollution to managing water pollution, land contamination and urban wastewater, and upgrading rural living conditions, our efforts are geared to restoring serenity, harmony, and beauty to nature and meeting the growing demand of the residents for a nice environment.
全國翻譯水平能力測(cè)試題題庫及答案 2
CATTI三級(jí)筆譯 A卷
【英譯漢】（Financial Times 2017）：
At 51, Cathy McDonnell wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience crunching data at Qinetiq to better use. She had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young, but she wanted to get back into the corporate world.
Several applications later, all for jobs in her former field of defence, she was getting nowhere. Then a friend told her about “returnships”, a form of later-life work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help older people — mainly women — return to work, often after breaks to care for families.
Cathy eventually secured a place on an 11-week “Career Returners” programme with O2, open to men and women, which included being buddied with a 20-year-old male student who was also with the company on work experience. He helped to acquaint her with new technology, such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual private network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.
“On the assessment day, I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles. They were just thinking, ‘These women have a lot to offer, let’s see what they can do.’ That was refreshing.”
In fact, by hiring female returnees, companies can access hard skills these women developed in their former high-level jobs — and for a discount. In return, employers coach older females back into working life.Through her returnship, Ms McDonnell gained a full-time role as an operations data consultant, handling projects within service management at O2.She still is earning less than she would like to. “But it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in six months,” she says.
It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young families. UK government figures show that women account for around 90 per cent of people on extended career breaks for caring reasons.
A lack of middle-aged women working, particularly in highly skilled roles, is costing the UK economy 50bn a year, according to a report. The report found that men over 50 took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in 2015. It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled, part-time roles older women often accept. Some 41 per cent of women in work in the UK do so part-time, as opposed to only 11 per cent of men.
A study last year by economists found “robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women” in a range of white and blue-collar jobs. The data show that it is harder for older women to find jobs than it is for older men regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.
【漢譯英】（《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際合作戰(zhàn)略》）：
現(xiàn)在，以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的信息技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，引領(lǐng)了生產(chǎn)新變革，創(chuàng)造了人類生活新空間，拓展了國家治理新領(lǐng)域。中國大力實(shí)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略、國家信息化戰(zhàn)略、國家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。中國大力發(fā)展電子商務(wù)，推動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融合發(fā)展，改善資源配置。這些措施為推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)揮積極作用。
中國歡迎公平、開放、競(jìng)爭的市場(chǎng)，在自身發(fā)展的同時(shí)，致力于推動(dòng)全球數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。中國主張自由貿(mào)易，反對(duì)貿(mào)易壁壘和貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義。我們希望建立開放、安全的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境，確保互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新服務(wù)。我們主張互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入應(yīng)公平、普遍。中國愿加強(qiáng)同其他國家和地區(qū)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息技術(shù)方面的交流與合作。我們應(yīng)共同推進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的.發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新，確保所有人都能平等分享數(shù)字紅利，實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
全國翻譯水平能力測(cè)試題題庫及答案 3
【CATTI】一級(jí)筆譯真題
Section 1 Translation
Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英譯漢)
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Alice Munro, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, once observed: “The complexity of things — the things within things — just seems to be endless. I mean nothing is easy, nothing is simple.”
That is also a perfect deion of Ms. Munro’s quietly radiant short stories — stories that have established her as one of the foremost practitioners of the form. Set largely in small-town and rural Canada and often focused on the lives of girls and women, her tales have the swoop and density of big, intimate novels, mapping the crevices of characters’ hearts with cleareyed Chekhovian empathy and wisdom.
Fluent and deceptively artless on the page, these stories are actually amazingly intricate constructions that move back and forth in time, back and forth between reality and memory, opening out, magically, to disclose the long panoramic vistas in these people’s lives (the starts, stops and reversals that stand out as hinge moments in their personal histories) and the homely details of their day-to-day routines: the dull coping with “food and mess and houses” that can take up so much of their heroines’ time.
Ms. Munro’s stories possess an emotional amplitude and a psychological density . Her understanding of the music of domestic life, her ability to simultaneously detail her characters’ inner landscapes and their place in a meticulously observed community, and her talent for charting “the progress of love” as it morphs and mutates through time — these gifts have not only helped Ms. Munro redefine the contours of the contemporary short story, but have also made her one of today’s most influential writers.
In short fiction that spans four and a half decades. Ms. Munro has given us prismatic portraits of ordinary people that reveal their intelligence, toughness and capacity to dream, as well as their lies, blind spots and lapses of courage and good will. Such deions are delivered not with judgmental accountancy, but with the sort of “unsparing unsentimental love” harbored by a close friend or family member.
Like Ms. Munro, many of the women in these stories grew up in small towns in Canada and, at some point, faced a decision about whether to stay or to leave for the wider world. Their lifetimes often span decades of startling social change — from a time and place when tea parties and white gloves were de rigueur to the days of health food stores and stripper bars.
For that matter, Ms. Munro’s women, often find themselves caught on the margins of shifting cultural mores and pulled between conflicting imperatives — between rootedness and escape, domesticity and freedom, between tending to familial responsibilities or following the urgent promptings of their own hearts.
In story after story, passion is the magnet or the motor that drives women’s choices. Love and sex, and marriage and adultery are often mirrors that reveal a Munro heroine’s expectations — her fondest dreams and cruel self-delusions, her sense of independence and need to belong.
Ms. Munro is adept at tracing the many configurations that intimacy can take over the years, showing how it can suffocate a marriage or inject it with a renewed sense of devotion. She shows how sexual ardor can turn into a “tidy pilot flame” and how an impulsive tryst can become a treasured memory, hoarded as a bulwark against the banalities of middle age.
Illness and death frequently intrude upon these stories, and the reader is constantly reminded of the precariousness of life — and the role that luck, chance and reckless, spur-of-the-moment choices can play. Some of Ms. Munro’s characters embrace change as a liberating force that will lift them out of their humdrum routines, or at least satisfy their avid curiosity about life. Others regard it with fearful dismay, worried that they will lose everything they hold dear — or at least everything familiar.
Part 2 Chinese-English Translation (漢譯英)
Translate the following passage into English.
現(xiàn)代西方的中國學(xué)大致經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)代際的變化。第一代是歷史主義流派主導(dǎo)的，第二代是意識(shí)形態(tài)至上流派所主導(dǎo)的。當(dāng)代西方對(duì)中國的認(rèn)知，不論是學(xué)術(shù)界或大眾媒體，都深受這兩大代際和流派的影響。
現(xiàn)代中國學(xué)研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世紀(jì)初。他們用歷史主義的語境研究現(xiàn)代中國，研究方法深受中國傳統(tǒng)文化影響，研究領(lǐng)域涵蓋了中國的政治、歷史、社會(huì)狀況和引領(lǐng)中國現(xiàn)代史的領(lǐng)袖人物。
中國學(xué)的第二代，始于89年，在后冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)代的意識(shí)形態(tài)狂熱中誕生。這一時(shí)期的研究，陷入自由民主或?qū)Ｖ篇?dú)裁的意識(shí)形態(tài)兩元對(duì)立。在研究取向上，強(qiáng)調(diào)政治立場(chǎng)先行和意識(shí)形態(tài)掛帥，目的只有一個(gè)，即證明中國的政治制度必然崩潰。可惜，這一代流派的研究一再被中國成功發(fā)展的事實(shí)證偽，備受質(zhì)疑。
最近幾十年來，中國全方位快速崛起，其巨大影響波及至世界各個(gè)角落。全球政治、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的頂尖人士，紛紛聚焦中國，希望探究這一歷史重大事件的深遠(yuǎn)含義。
當(dāng)下，中國學(xué)正迎來一個(gè)新的.代際，即第三代。第三代中國學(xué)發(fā)端于新的形勢(shì)背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。這一代際的演進(jìn)，將推動(dòng)中國學(xué)從基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型，并對(duì)世界對(duì)中國的認(rèn)知產(chǎn)生決定性影響。
這個(gè)群體不再象前兩代那樣限于中國通，而是來自各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。第三代中國學(xué)呈現(xiàn)的一個(gè)趨向可以稱為實(shí)證派，即以收集客觀數(shù)據(jù)為基本研究方法，客觀分析中國的治理模式。
全國翻譯水平能力測(cè)試題題庫及答案 4
大學(xué)英語MTI英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題
第一大題：短語翻譯
OPEC
BRICS
BRI
SDGs
UNEP
ChatGPT
green methanol
common prosperity for all
internet of things
virtual reality
global security initiative
craftsmanship spirit
renewable energy
bio-medicine
supply chain
翻譯：
納米技術(shù)
基因編輯
疫苗接種
監(jiān)事會(huì)
干細(xì)胞
上市公司
文化霸權(quán)
智慧城市
碳中和
小微企業(yè)
量子計(jì)算機(jī)
網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間治理
主權(quán)國家
國際秩序
歷史唯物主義
第二大題：篇章翻譯
Comparative evidence is also growing to show why countries decide to remove legal barriers for women. Policies empowering women strengthen the economy and are critical for lasting progress in development. Slowing global growth, the rising risks of climate change, conflict, and the lingering effects of COVID 19 have dealt a major setback to this progress in recent years — with disproportionate effects on the lives and livelihoods of women. Equal treatment of women under the law is associated with larger numbers of women entering and remaining in the labor force and rising to managerial positions. It generates higher wages for women and facilitates more women owning a business. Reforming in ways that encourage women to contribute to the economy as employees and entrepreneurs will both level the playing field and make the economy more dynamic and resilient in the face of shocks.
Since its inauguration in 2018, the China International Import Expo (CIIE) has emerged as a defining platform symbolizing China’s dedication to promoting high-standard opening up and sharing development gains with the global community. The CIIE embodies China’s commitment to driving economic globalization and cooperation aimed at collective prosperity. The CIIE signifies China’s support for multilateral trade and determination to uphold free and open markets amid rising protectionism. By providing businesses worldwide access to China’s vast market, the CIIE enables deals worth billions, allows debuts for thousands of new products and facilitates participation from over 100 countries in each edition. The CIIE has become an ‘international public good’ that creates vast opportunities for global enterprises, even attracting companies from countries with tense political relations with China. Hence, the CIIE reflects China’s adherence to advancing high-standard opening up that imparts benefits across national boundaries.
While global average temperatures are already exceeding 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels, current plans reflected in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are putting us on a path towards 2.4°C–2.6°C by the end of the century. Even if the rise in temperature eventually slows as a result of more ambitious collective climate change mitigation efforts, climate risks will accelerate with every fraction of a degree because of the compounding and cascading nature of climate-related impacts. Residual climate risks, that is, risks remaining after ambitious adaptation efforts, will persist even if the Paris Agreement goals are reached. Residual climate risks, in turn, will inevitably lead to both economic and non-economic losses and damages. This demonstrates the importance of accelerating and scaling up both mitigation and adaptation action, to respectively avert catastrophic climate change and minimize the climate impacts that remain.
翻譯
改革開放40多年來，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長，平均10%以上的高速增長保持了30多年，被國內(nèi)學(xué)者稱為“中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長奇跡”。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長史上，許多國家高速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長都不超過十年，但是中國作為一個(gè)巨型經(jīng)濟(jì)體，高速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長超過了30年，形成了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長史上的奇跡，令世界刮目相看。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長奇跡不僅改變了世界格局，也是現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論無法解釋的，在傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論體系中，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長充滿了“矛盾”，“不可能”，“不尋常”和“反邏輯”。
中國式民主是生活化的民主，包含兩層含義。首先，民主在基層得到了廣泛而深入的發(fā)展。基層群眾自治制度是中國特色社會(huì)主義三大基本政治制度之一，是中國基層民主的主要形式，是人民在農(nóng)村、城市社區(qū)和企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)家作主權(quán)利的制度保障。其次，民主在各個(gè)層面的工作領(lǐng)域都得到了比較切實(shí)的落實(shí)。在各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的選任過程中，民主測(cè)評(píng)是不可缺少的環(huán)節(jié)。中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度是中國的一項(xiàng)基本政治制度。改革開放以來，中國共產(chǎn)黨一直推動(dòng)這一制度不斷發(fā)展完善。
九寨溝的美首先在于色彩繽紛的“海子”（高山湖泊）。在翠綠蒼茫的原始森林中，數(shù)十座雪峰高插云霄，峰頂終年雪光閃閃。100多個(gè)大大小小的湖泊就像顆顆璀璨的寶石，鑲嵌在彩帶般的'山谷中。這些湖泊相傳是男神向女神求愛時(shí)送給她的100多面鏡子。小的只有半畝左右，大的達(dá)千畝以上。湖底為乳白色的可溶性石灰?guī)r，湖水清澈見底，藍(lán)天、白云、雪山、森林倒映湖中，五光十色，美麗如畫。沃諾色莫山旁邊有著名的五花海，湖面圓形，據(jù)說是女神沃諾色莫梳妝時(shí)用的鏡子。
全國翻譯水平能力測(cè)試題題庫及答案 5
2024年6月四級(jí)翻譯真題及答案
原文1：農(nóng)歷
農(nóng)歷(the lunar calendar)起源于數(shù)千年前的中國，根據(jù)太陽和月亮的運(yùn)行規(guī)律制定。長期以來農(nóng)歷在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪邪l(fā)揮著重要作用。古人依據(jù)農(nóng)歷記錄日期，安排農(nóng)活，以便最有效地利用自然資源和氣候條件，提高農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。中國的春節(jié)、中秋節(jié)等傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的日期都基于農(nóng)歷。農(nóng)歷是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分，當(dāng)今依然廣為使用。
參考譯文：
The lunar calendar originated in China thousands of years ago, formulated based on the movement patterns of the sun and the moon. For a long time, the lunar calendar has played a significant role in agricultural production and peoples daily lives. ancient people recorded dates and arranged farm work according to the lunar calendar to make the most effective use of natural resources and climatic conditions, enhancing the yield and quality of crops. The dates of traditional Chinese festivals like the Spring festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are all based on the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is an essential part of Chinese traditional culture and is still widely used today.
原文2：四合院
四合院(siheyuan)是中國一種傳統(tǒng)的住宅建筑，其特點(diǎn)是房屋建造在一個(gè)院子的四周，將院子合圍在中間。四合院通常冬暖夏涼，環(huán)境舒適，尤其適合大家庭居住。四合院在中國各地有多種類型，其中以北京的四合院最為典型。如今，隨著現(xiàn)代城市的發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的四合院已逐漸減少，但因其獨(dú)特的建筑風(fēng)格，四合院對(duì)中國文化的傳承和中國歷史的研究具有重要意義。
參考譯文：
The siheyuan is a traditional Chinese residential architecture characterized by houses built around a central courtyard. It is typically warm in winter and cool in summer, providing a comfortable environment especially suitable for large families. The siheyuan comes in various types across China, with the Beijing siheyuan being the most typical. Nowadays, with the development of modern cities, traditional siheyuan have gradually decreased. However, due to its unique architectural style, the siheyuan is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture and the study of Chinese history.
原文3：福
漢語中的.福表示幸福和好運(yùn)，是中國傳統(tǒng)文化中最常用的吉祥符號(hào)之一。人們通常將一個(gè)大大的福字寫在紅紙上，寓意期盼家庭幸福、社會(huì)安定、國家昌盛。春節(jié)貼福字是民間由來已久的習(xí)俗。為了歡慶春節(jié)，家家戶戶，都會(huì)將福字貼在門上或墻上表達(dá)對(duì)幸福生活的期待。人們有時(shí)還將福字倒過來貼，表示幸福已到。
參考譯文：
In Chinese, "Fu" represents happiness and good luck, and it is one of the most commonly used auspicious symbols in Chinese traditional culture. People often write a large "Fu" character on red paper, symbolizing the expectation of family happiness, social stability, and national prosperity. It is a long-standing folk custom to post the "Fu" character during the Spring Festival. To celebrate the Spring Festival, every household will put up the "Fu" character on the door or wall to express their expectation for a happy life. Sometimes, people even paste the "Fu" character upside down, indicating that happiness has arrived.
全國翻譯水平能力測(cè)試題題庫及答案 6
原文1：農(nóng)歷
農(nóng)歷(the lunar calendar)起源于數(shù)千年前的中國，根據(jù)太陽和月亮的運(yùn)行規(guī)律制定。長期以來農(nóng)歷在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪邪l(fā)揮著重要作用。古人依據(jù)農(nóng)歷記錄日期，安排農(nóng)活，以便最有效地利用自然資源和氣候條件，提高農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。中國的春節(jié)、中秋節(jié)等傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的日期都基于農(nóng)歷。農(nóng)歷是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分，當(dāng)今依然廣為使用。
參考譯文：
The lunar calendar originated in China thousands of years ago, formulated based on the movement patterns of the sun and the moon. For a long time, the lunar calendar has played a significant role in agricultural production and peoples daily lives. ancient people recorded dates and arranged farm work according to the lunar calendar to make the most effective use of natural resources and climatic conditions, enhancing the yield and quality of crops. The dates of traditional Chinese festivals like the Spring festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are all based on the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is an essential part of Chinese traditional culture and is still widely used today.
原文2：四合院
四合院(siheyuan)是中國一種傳統(tǒng)的.住宅建筑，其特點(diǎn)是房屋建造在一個(gè)院子的四周，將院子合圍在中間。四合院通常冬暖夏涼，環(huán)境舒適，尤其適合大家庭居住。四合院在中國各地有多種類型，其中以北京的四合院最為典型。如今，隨著現(xiàn)代城市的發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的四合院已逐漸減少，但因其獨(dú)特的建筑風(fēng)格，四合院對(duì)中國文化的傳承和中國歷史的研究具有重要意義。
參考譯文：
The siheyuan is a traditional Chinese residential architecture characterized by houses built around a central courtyard. It is typically warm in winter and cool in summer, providing a comfortable environment especially suitable for large families. The siheyuan comes in various types across China, with the Beijing siheyuan being the most typical. Nowadays, with the development of modern cities, traditional siheyuan have gradually decreased. However, due to its unique architectural style, the siheyuan is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture and the study of Chinese history.
原文3：福
漢語中的福表示幸福和好運(yùn)，是中國傳統(tǒng)文化中最常用的吉祥符號(hào)之一。人們通常將一個(gè)大大的福字寫在紅紙上，寓意期盼家庭幸福、社會(huì)安定、國家昌盛。春節(jié)貼福字是民間由來已久的習(xí)俗。為了歡慶春節(jié)，家家戶戶，都會(huì)將福字貼在門上或墻上表達(dá)對(duì)幸福生活的期待。人們有時(shí)還將福字倒過來貼，表示幸福已到。
參考譯文：
In Chinese, "Fu" represents happiness and good luck, and it is one of the most commonly used auspicious symbols in Chinese traditional culture. People often write a large "Fu" character on red paper, symbolizing the expectation of family happiness, social stability, and national prosperity. It is a long-standing folk custom to post the "Fu" character during the Spring Festival. To celebrate the Spring Festival, every household will put up the "Fu" character on the door or wall to express their expectation for a happy life. Sometimes, people even paste the "Fu" character upside down, indicating that happiness has arrived.
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