在國外旅行要注意的禮節

　　If you’ve done any traveling at all, you’re likely quite aware that customs and etiquette differ from one culture to another: what may be perfectly innocuous in one place may be hideously offensive in another, and vice-versa.

　　如果你出國旅行過，你很可能回憶道各國文化之間的風俗和禮儀差異很大：在這個國家這種風俗禮儀無傷大雅但在另一個國家卻顯得冒犯之極，反之亦然。

　　Granted, even if you haven’t traveled at all, you’re probably aware of the fact that certain types of behavior aren’t exactly acceptable in other countries: belching at the table may be a sign of gratitude in some places, but in most areas of North America and Europe, such a display will earn you a fair bit of ire.

　　的確，即使你從不出去旅行，你可能也明白對于某些行為而言，換個國家真的接受不了：有的國家認為在飯桌上打嗝是對一頓美味的飽餐后表達自己的贊美之意，但在北美和歐洲的大部分地區，打嗝代表忿怒之意。

　　Whether you plan on traveling to any of the places listed below or just doing business with a foreign client, it’s important to educate yourself on the standards of politesse and etiquette beforehand—the last thing you want to do is offend someone with any ignorant, boorish behavior. Here’s how to be polite in 16 different countries:

　　不管是計劃到如下所列的地點去旅行還是只與外國客戶談業務，自己先了解一下禮貌和禮節標準，千萬不要因對禮儀的不了解以及粗魯的行為而冒犯人。下文是關于如何在16個國家做一名有禮貌懂禮節的旅行者的注意事項。

　　1. Sweden

　　瑞典

　　Keep personal distance and don’t touch people when you talk to them. Ensure proper table manners, never discuss religion or politics, and try to maintain a level of quiet dignity. Silences during conversations are not considered uncomfortable, and it’s better to be a bit quiet, rather than overly verbose. When dining out, don’t drink before the host offers a toast, and don’t get drunk.

　　和人說話的時，要保持一定的距離不要碰到對方。注意正確的餐桌禮儀，不要討論宗教或政治話題，還有盡量做到有自尊。在談話中保持沉默并不會讓人感到有不舒服的感覺，適當的安靜比太過啰嗦反倒好。外出就餐時，主人端上面包之前不要喝酒，而且不要喝醉。

　　2. Mexico

　　墨西哥

　　When meeting others, women should initiate handshakes with men, but all people should avoid making too much eye contact; that can be seen as aggressive and belligerent behavior. If sharing a meal with others, keep your elbows off the table and try to avoid burping at all costs. Keep your hands off your hips, and make sure you never make the “okay” sign with your hand: it’s vulgar.

　　男女見面時，女人應該主動與男人握手，但不要有太多的目光接觸;總有眼神接觸會被看作是積極好戰的行為。如果與他人一起吃飯，不要把你的手肘放在桌子上，不要打嗝。不要把手放在臀部上，而且不要做“OK”的手勢，這個手勢粗俗之至。

　　3. Germany

　　德國

　　Much like Scandinavian people, Germans tend to be reserved and polite. Ensure that handshakes are firm, and always 、address people with Mr. or Mrs. followed by their surname (“Herr” or “Frau” if you’re confident that you’ll pronounce them well). Decent table manners are of great importance, and be sure to say “please” and “thank you” often.

　　德國人和斯堪的納維亞人一樣都傾向于保守和禮貌。握手時要牢牢握緊，在姓前加上先生或太太的稱呼(如果你對自己的德語發音自信的話，要用德語稱呼“先生”或“夫人”)。良好的餐桌禮儀非常重要，“請”和“謝謝”一定要常掛嘴邊。

　　4. China

　　中國

　　Be generous with saying “thank you” when someone does anything from pouring you tea to offering you a gift, and if or when you receive a gift, take it with both hands. If someone makes a comment about your weight/appearance/idiosyncrasy, try not to take it as offensive: it’s merely an observation on their part.

　　當有人給你倒茶給你送禮物時，不要吝惜說“謝謝”，并且如果你收到禮物或當你收到禮物時，要用雙手接禮物。如果有人評論你的體重/外表/特質，盡量不要視為是有冒犯之意：那只不過是對你個人外表長相和性格特質的一種表象觀察印象而已。

　　5. Pakistan

　　巴基斯坦

　　Be sure to dress modestly (especially if you’re female), and if you go out for a meal, eat with your right hand; the left is considered unclean. Sit on your left hand if you need to, but keep it away from your food. Don’t show anyone the bottom of your shoe, and try not to touch anyone with your feet.

　　穿著一定要得體(尤其是女性更要注意衣著得體這點)，如果你出去吃飯，用右手吃飯;左手被認為是不潔凈的。如果需要坐的話，坐在你的左手邊，但左手不要碰食物。不要把腳抬起來，你的腳盡量不要碰到對方。

　　6. France

　　法國

　　Be sure to say “please” and “thank you” often, and always thank people for their time. If you need help at a shop, apologize to the staff for bothering them with a question, and be sure to thank them before you leave. Make sure that you chew with your mouth closed during meals, don’t speak when your mouth is full, and for goodness’ sake, don’t slurp anything!

　　一定要多說“請”和“謝謝”，而且總要對占用人家時間表示感謝。如果你在商店需要幫助，因問問題而打擾到店員要向店員表示歉意，在你離開之前一定要感謝店員的熱心幫忙。在咀嚼食物時要閉著嘴嚼，不要在塞滿滿口食物時說話，拜托吃東西時不要出聲!

　　7. Korea

　　韓國

　　Don’t be offended if a Korean woman merely nods instead of offering her hand to shake, and don’t extend yours to her. Never touch a Korean person while talking to them (unless you’re on very friendly terms), and maintain a respectable distance: personal space is rather vital. Try to avoid talking too much during meals, and offer to pay even if you know that the other party is treating you.

　　如果一個韓國女人只是向你點了點頭而不和你握手，不要生氣，也不要向她伸出手做握手的動作。和韓國人說話時不要有肢體接觸的動作(除非你們的關系非常友好)，并保持一段體面的距離：個人空間相當重要。就餐時盡量不要說太多話，并且即使你知道對方請你吃飯，你也要搶著付錢。

　　8. Japan

　　日本

　　When dealing with Japanese clients, be sure to dress fairly conservatively, and make sure that you bow lower than they do upon meeting them. Accept gifts with both hands (and open them later, not in front of the giver), and never blow your nose at the dining table. Avoid asking and answering direct questions: it’s better to imply rather than ask, and to answer with vagueness during conversations.

　　與日本客戶打交道時，穿著一定要保守，并且在見面鞠躬時，你的身子要低于對方的身子。用雙手接禮物(不要當面就打開禮物，回頭再拆開禮 物)，不要在餐桌上擤鼻涕。不要提問和回答很直接的問題：暗示性地問問題的方式比直接發問的方式好，對話時最好能語焉不詳地回答。

　　9. Argentina

　　阿根廷

　　This is another country in which people will lean in close when they speak to you, and touch you often during a conversation. Pulling away is considered rude and “cold”, so be prepared to sacrifice your own personal space for the sake of social courtesy. Maintain strong eye contact, and don’t put your hands on your hips.

　　阿根廷這個國家的人和你說話時，也會和你靠得很近，并且在談話時經常有身體接觸的動作。說話時離得遠被認為是無禮“冷漠”，所以，為了在社交時做到有禮貌要準備好犧牲自己的個人空間。要保持伴有眼神接觸的動作，不要把手放在臀部。

　　10. The Netherlands

　　荷蘭

　　Shake hands with everyone, ensuring that you smile and make eye contact while doing so. Make appointments for meetings and social functions well in advance (like, a couple of weeks in advance), and be punctual when you show up. Feel free to bring gifts such as chocolate or flowers when visiting people.

　　握手時要面帶微笑并伴有眼神交流的動作。提前預約會議或社交活動的時間(如，提前兩周預約見面時間)，還要守時出現。與人見面時，隨身帶個小禮物，如巧克力或鮮花。

　　11. Russia

　　俄羅斯

　　Turning down an alcoholic drink is considered terribly offensive in Russia, so it’s a good idea to fortify yourself with some greasy food before heading out for a meal with Russian or Ukrainian clients. Don’t smile at strangers or they’ll think you’re deranged, and when paying for items, place your money on the counter rather than trying to hand it directly to the cashier.

　　在俄羅斯拒絕喝酒被視為非常無理的行為，所以與俄羅斯或烏克蘭客戶出去吃飯時，自己在出門的時候多吃些油膩的食物是一個好主意。不要對陌生人微笑否則他們會認為你瘋了，購物付錢時，把錢放在柜臺上不要直接把錢遞到收銀員面前。

　　12. Canada

　　加拿大

　　Canadians are (for the most part) polite, respectful, and fairly reserved people. It’s important to remember social niceties such as saying “please” and “thank you” when dealing with them, and if you open doors for people and offer firm handshakes, you’re sure to stay in the good books. When ordering food or drinks, never begin with “I want…,” as it’s considered rude and ignorant to do so.

　　多數加拿大人都很懂禮貌、尊重禮節并且是相當保守的人。記住社交細節這點很重要，如與他們打交道時說“請”和“謝謝”，并且如果你向大家敞開心扉并熱情地握手，你肯定能給人留下好印象。在點餐或飲料時不要以“我想要…，”的句子開頭，這樣會顯得你很粗魯無知。

　　13. Italy

　　意大利

　　Dress formally and respectably in churches and upscale restaurants, and ensure that your table manners are impeccable. Be punctual, always be generous with social niceties, and under no circumstances should you ever be drunk in public. Say “please” often, and if possible, try to make at least a bit of an effort to learn a few Italian words and phrases.

　　在教堂和高檔餐廳穿著要正式體面并確保你的餐桌禮儀做到無可挑剔。要始終記住守時這一社交細節，并且在任何情況下，你都不應該在公共場合醉酒。“請”字常掛嘴邊，如果可能的話，盡量努力學習一些意大利單詞和短語。

　　14. Nepal

　　尼泊爾

　　It’s best to dress modestly when traveling around Nepal, and if you end up exchanging gifts with others, never do so with your left hand. When it comes to sharing meals, use utensils so you avoid contaminating anything with implements that may have touched your mouth, and take care to remove your shoes upon entering someone’s home, or a temple.

　　環游尼泊爾時穿著最好要謹慎，如果你與別人交換禮物，不要用左手遞送禮物。一起吃飯時，盡量不要用自己放在嘴里用過的餐具去夾飯菜，并且進入別人家里或者進入一座廟宇時要記得脫鞋。

　　15. The U.K.

　　英國

　　Like in Canada, people in the United Kingdom tend to be fairly polite and reserved. Possibly more so. Be very courteous in your speech, never address anyone by their given name unless invited to do so (always address them as Mr./Mrs./Miss followed by their surname to begin with), and ensure that you use proper table manners when sharing meals.

　　英國人和加拿大人一樣都很禮貌、很保守，可能還有更禮貌和保守。說話時要很謙恭，除非別人力邀否則不要稱呼他們的名字(在姓之前總要加上先生/夫人/小姐的稱呼)，并且在一起吃飯時，確保您使用正確的餐桌禮儀。

　　16. Brazil

　　巴西

　　Smile often, don’t be afraid to touch others during conversation, and be generous with the “thumbs-up” sign. Avoid the “okay” gesture (it’s offensive), and if you eat a sandwich, use a napkin to hold it rather than your bare hands. Don’t use a toothpick without covering your mouth with your free hand, and if you’re going to wear a tiny string Speedo on the beach, be sure to strut around in it.

　　經常微笑，在對話期間不要擔心與別人有肢體接觸的動作，并且要大方做出豎起“大拇指”這個動作。不要做“OK”這個手勢(這個手勢顯得有些冒犯)。如果你吃三明治時，用餐巾包著吃不用手直接抓著吃。剔牙時要用手捂著嘴遮蓋一下，還有如果你想要在沙灘上穿性感的泳衣，以防走光一定要遮擋一下。

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