高考英語學習方法總結

時間：2020-12-11 09:01:50 學習總結我要投稿

高考英語學習方法總結

　　高考英語閱讀理推理引申題解題技巧

高考英語學習方法總結

　　閱讀的目的不僅在于讀懂原文字面上的意義，還要求在理解原文觀點的基礎上，領悟作者的言外之意（learn to read between the lines）。《大綱》要求考生能作出簡單判斷和推理、能理解作者的意圖和態度。這一要求常常通過推理引申題來考查。

　　推理是要求考生在閱讀過程中溝通外現的和內涵的、已述的和未述的含義，以文章提供的事實為依據，經過分析、思考形成這樣或那樣的觀點；要求考生在通篇理解文章的基礎上去領悟作者的言外之意，并對作者的態度、觀點、寫作目的意圖、文章的寓意等作出正確的推理判斷。引申要求考生在理解文章主題思想、作者的態度傾向、觀點意圖、情節發展等的前提下，作出合乎邏輯的引申。這類題要求我們由“已知的”去推斷“未知的”，屬于一種深層次的理解。

　　推理引申題題干中常常含有infer，imply, suggest，conclude, learn，tone, attitude, intend， purpose 等一類的詞。常見的提問形式有：

　　The purpose of the passage is to … …

　　It can be inferred from the passage that …

　　We may infer that…..

　　When the writer talks about …., what the writer really means is …

　　The author suggests that….

　　The story implies that….

　　The writer’s attitude towards ….is ….

　　From the passage we can conclude that….

　　The passage is intended to ….

　　In the author’s opinion, …….

　　The purpose of writing this passage is … …

　　It can be concluded that… ….

　　Which point of view may the author agree to ?

　　了解了這一類題的特點和命題形式，我們還要注意正確的答題：在閱讀時要抓住文章的主題和細節，分析文章的結構，根據上下文之間的內在聯系，推斷文章的深層含義。對于隱含在字里行間或者流露于文章修飾詞語中的人物的行為動機、事件中的因果關系及作者未言明的傾向、態度、觀點、意圖等要依據文章的主題思想進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。命題者在出推理類題時往往編造一些文中已言明的事實、超出文章范圍的推理、過度發揮的引申等來作為干擾項考查考生的邏輯能力。因此，特別注意：文中已明確說明的內容不需要推理，推理以原文中心為依據，引申要適度。對于涉及作者觀點和態度一類題時，不要把自己的態度摻入其中，還要注意區分作者的觀點態度和作者引用別人的觀點態度，當作者沒有明確表示態度時，要學會根據作者使用詞語的褒貶性去判斷。常用的褒義詞有：positive, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring, great, wonderful, beautiful, fantastic;常用的貶義詞有: disgusting, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointed, awful; 常用的表中性的詞有：indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent（矛盾的）, neutral, apathetic（無動于衷的）, humor, disinterested.

　　看看下面的例題：（05 重慶卷 A 篇）

　　My parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset about it . I didn’t know who I should talk with about how I was feeling. So I asked Mom to allow me to stay the night at my best friend’s house. Though I knew I wouldn’t tell her about my parents’ situation, I was looking forward to getting out of the house. I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went out in the neighborhood. Mom came to tell me that I should stay with my grandpa until the power came back on.

　　I was really disappointed because I felt that we did not have much to talk about. But I knew he would be frightened alone in the dark. I went to his room and told him that I’d stay with him until the power was restored. He was quite happy and said: “Great opportunity.”

　　“What is?” I asked.

　　“To talk , you and I ,” he said .” To hold a private little meeting about what we’re going to do with your mom and dad , and what we’re going to do with ourselves now that we’re 高考 in the situation we are in .”

　　“But we can’t do anything about it , Grandpa,” I said , surprised that here was someone with whom I could share my feelings and someone who was in the same “boat” as I was .

　　And that’s how the most unbelievable friendship between my grandfather and me started. Sitting there in the dark, we talked about our feelings and fears of life—from how fast things change, to how they sometimes don’t change fast enough. That night, because the power went out , I found a new friend, with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains, whatever they may be.

　　Suddenly, the lights all came back on. “Well,” he said, “I guess that means you’ll go now .I really like our talk. I hope the power will go out every few nights!”

　　58．What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A．The grandchild was eager to leave. B．They would have more chats.

　　C．The lights would go out again. D．It would no longer be dark.

　　解析：短文的中心是：在一個停電的夜晚，“我”和爺爺愉快暢談的故事。故事中已言明：He was quite happy and said : “Great opportunity.”； I found a new friend, with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains, whatever they may be；I hope the power will go out every few nights!這些事實，結合短文的中心，我們不難推斷出：爺孫兩個人以后會有更多的交流。所以，這題答案為：B。

　　（05 重慶卷 E 篇）

　　In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people .

　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied (依賴)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit ( 追求)of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten .

　　However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition .

　　75．Which point of view may the author agree to?

　　A．Every effort should be paid back.

　　B．Competition should be encouraged.

　　C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

　　D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

　　解析：文章結構清晰，第一段首句揭示主題：Opinions about competition are different among people. 第二段作者通過生活中的觀察發現：Many children are lost in the desire to succeed. 并表明自己的看法：In their single-minded pursuit ( 追求)of success , the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten .（在他們對追求的簡單心態下，許多其他的品德的發展被可悲地遺忘了。）第三段第一句用到表轉折的副詞however，其后呈現段落主題句：while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed , others take an opposite attitude .接下來，作者分析了兩種不同態度的實質：Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others . Both are afraid of not being valued .最后作者表明自己的觀點：Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition .分析各個段落的主題，我們不難得出文章的中心思想：只有消除競爭中的畏懼，我們才能發現競爭的意義。75題是一道推理題，要求我們推斷作者的觀點態度，分析文章的結構，結合文章的主題，我們不難推斷出：D 為正確答案。

　　【實戰演練練習八】（05 山東卷 B 篇）

　　Fidenzio Salvatori is determined that the city of Toronto will have an outdoor marketplace for merchants from its immigrant community, complete with dancing and other forms of amusement from their native countries. “Toronto is truly multicultural(多元文化的),” he said in a newspaper interview. “It’s a city from many places, and a multicultural marketplace will help Torontonians to understand and appreciate the rich variety of cultural groups in our city.”

　　Salvatori, aged 23, will soon complete his studies at the University of Toronto. He was eleven years old when he came to Canada from Italy with his parents. “Most of Toronto’s immigrants are from lands where the marketplace has always been part of daily life,” he said.

　　Salvatori has been interested in getting an open-air market for Toronto for the last three years. This year, with the help of two fellow students, he prepared a proposal on the subject and presented it to the city’s Executive Committee, asking for their support. The proposal pointed out Toronto’s rich variety of national groups, “whose customs include market shopping.”

　　Under a Canadian government program for multiculturalism, the three students have received tow thousand dollars with which they will do a study to find out whether Toronto’s immigrant businessmen would support an open-air market. They hope the merchants will support the plan strongly. “A study done earlier this year showed that 90 percent of shoppers would be in favor of it,” Salvatori said. “At first it would be an experiment. But we think it will prove to be good business for the merchants, as well as a tourist attraction.”

　　64．It can be inferred from the text that the Canadian government supports _____.

　　A．the protection of different cultures B．the plan of an open-air market

　　C．the request of merchants D．the attitude of shoppers

　　【實戰演練練習九】（05 遼寧卷 A 篇）

　　When building houses, people used to think about not only the climate of the areas but also the building materials and the fashions for their houses. However, since electricity became more and more expensive, people began to pay much more attention to the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their houses from both cold and heat.

　　Now, houses of an old yet new type have been widely built. In some parts of the world, people share their houses with their livestock（家畜）.During cold weather, they gather their cows, goats, or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses. The reasons are that the animals can be protected from the cold and that they can help to heat the houses as well. The body heat given off by the animals rises to the second floor of the houses, where people live. By sharing their houses with their livestock, people gain a source of heat.

　　People who live in or near cities do not usually keep livestock. However, home builders use the fact that heat rises. This natural law can be used in building houses in these areas. Instead of keeping livestock on the first floor, builders fill it with large rocks. As they are open to the sun’s rays during cold weather, these rocks take in heat. They also give off the heat, and, of course, the warm air rises into the living areas of the houses. So these houses are energy-saving.

　　House-building becomes a great challenge（挑戰）to building designers and energy engineers. They try to meet this challenge by learning from old traditions and by using modern technology. And someday in the future, people will be able to live in more energy-saving houses.

　　59．From the passage, we can conclude that __________.

　　A．people will no longer consider building materials in the future

　　B．energy-saving buildings will become more popular in the future

　　C．almost all people will move into the houses heated by large rocks

　　D．energy engineers will devote themselves only to modern technology

　　【實戰演練練習十】（05 全國卷Ⅲ E 篇）

　　Last year my sixth-grader daughter, Elizabeth, was forced to put up with science. Her education, week after week ,contained mindless memorization of big words like “batholith” and “saprophyte”. She learned by heart the achievements of famous scientists who did things like “improved nuclear fusion(核聚變)” —never mind that she hasn’t the least idea of what nuclear fusion means .Elizabeth did very well (she’s good at memorizing things). And now she hates science. My eighth-grader son, Ben, also suffered from science education. Week after week he had to perform lab experiments with answers already known .Ben figured out how to guess the right answers, so he got good grades. Now he hates science, too.

　　Science can provide an exciting way to develop children’s curiosity .Science education should teach ways to ask questions and seek answers. But my children got the mistaken idea in school that science is difficult, dull and has no relation to their everyday interests.

　　As a physicist, I am saddened and angered to see “the great science turn off” I know that science is important in our lives. Yet studies prove that our schools are turning out millions of graduates who know almost nothing about and have almost no interest in science. What’s gone wrong? Who is to blame?

　　60．By writing the text, the author questions .

　　A．the difficulty level of the science texts B．the way science is taught in school

　　C．the achievements of famous scientists D．students’ poor records in science classes

　　【實戰演練練習十一】（06 北京卷B篇）

　　I was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1994, but I can remember my mother’s words as if it were yesterday: “Kerrel, I don’t want you to take food from your father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful when you are around him.”

　　AIDS wasn’t something we talked about in my country when I was growing up. From then on, I knew that this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore, and my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But when I was 12, his condition worsened. My father’s other children lived far away, so it fell to me to look after him.

　　We couldn’t afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn’t even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teacher’s words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage.

　　I did not share my burden (負擔) with anyone. I had seen how people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates who had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside table even though he was too weak to feed himself.

　　I had known that he was going to die, but after so many years of keeping his condition a secret. I was completely unprepared when he reached his final days. Sad and hopeless, I called a woman at the nonprofit National AIDS Support. That day, she kept me on the phone for hours. I was so lucky to find someone who cared. She saved my life.

　　I was 15 when my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn’t want to call attention to AIDS. I do.

　　63． Why did Kerrel write the passage?

　　A. To tell people about the sufferings of her father.

　　B. To show how little people knew about AIDS.

　　C. To draw people’s attention to AIDS.

　　D. To remembered her father.

　　【實戰演練練習十二】（06 陜西卷D篇）

　　In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their peole has increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly,not everyone in these coyntries is so fortunate and many people in rich contries are homeless.

　　The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty（貧窮）is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always.

　　Some homeless people are mentally ill and have no one to look after them. Some are young people who, for one reason or another , have left home and have nowhere to live. Many of them have had a serious disagreement with their parents and have left home, choosing to go to a city and live on the streets. Sometimes they have taken such action because they have been unable to get on with a step-parent.

　　Many homeless people get into the habit of begging to get enough money to stay alive, but many of the general public tefuse to give anything to beggars. Often they are moved on by the police, being accused （指控），whether rightly or wrongly, of forceful begging . There are many who disrespect homeles people.

　　Some cynics（憤世嫉俗的人）declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in z shop doorway, under a bridger or in a cardboard box?

　　53． It can be inferred from the text that________.

　　A. the homeles are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboard box

　　B. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of living

　　C. the mentally ill live on the stress becausethey want the company of other homeless people

　　D. the unemployed who receive help may still be among the homeless

　　高一新生英語學習方法指導

　　達爾文曾說過“關于的是最重要的”，不管我們什么，掌握正確的是最重要的。

　　我們現在正面臨著一個初、的銜接問題，側重基礎的知識，而側重具體地使用。所以，學好首先要掌握正確的方法，什么是方法？

　　一、首先要明確幾個觀點：

　　1、學英語的目的是使用英語，只能在用中體會它的規律，掌握它的方法，通過練習學會使用。因此我們要抓住每一個機會用英語。如課程表的書寫用英語，學習學科的英文書寫等。課上40個人，能有機會一定要抓住機會，而且要給自己創造機會練習口語，課下要尋找機會去練習使用英語。練習聽、說、讀等，做適量的練習鞏固課內知識。

　　2、關于語法知識的學習：掌握一定的語法知識是必要的，它是基礎，中國人學習外語要學點語法，但是過分地研究語法是不利于能力的培養的，這也是中國人學習英語的誤區。有人說，那么怎么辦？正是考查實際使用英語的能力，語法的也是在實際語境查，因此語篇的能力才是真正的能力。

　　3、語言的學習應聽、說、讀、寫全面發展，在開始階段應以聽說為主。新學期1—2月內主要以訓練自己的聽與說的能力為主要目標，逐步加大閱讀。

　　4、語言的學習與任何知識的學習一樣，以自學為主。要有一定的自學能力，外語學習不是講會的，是自己練會的。在使用中、練習中掌握規律。精講多練，講練結合，以練為主是外語教學的主要特點，僅僅靠是不夠的。因此外語學習的過程是練功夫的過程，是長期堅持不懈的學習過程。在這個尚未開學之前，希望大家要有一個目標，真正地行動起來做好新高一的準備。

　　二、聽的練習的具體指導

　　（一）聽力能力是重點

　　在高考中聽力共20小題，每小題1.5分，一般為10段材料。其中1—5段為簡單對話，讀1遍。6—9段為較長對話，每段設計2—3題，讀2遍。第10段為獨白，設計2—3題，讀2遍。一般來講，后兩段讀速較快，要求較高。從現在社會環境要求方面看，聽、說能力的高低是一個人英語水平高低的表現形式，與人交往離不開聽、說的能力，因此重視聽的能力是首要任務，聽得懂才能說得出。每天應堅持聽的練習20—30分鐘，一定聽的輸入必然會有聽的收獲。

　　（二）聽力能力的訓練方法

　　1、模仿磁帶，注意發音，學習準確的語音、語調，力求發音標準、漂亮。課本錄音帶及其它相關有聲材料都是很好的訓練材料。

　　2、堅持精聽和泛聽相結合。精聽是指使用有材料的聽力訓練。可采取先聽后看的方法，即在閱讀聽力材料之前先聽2—3遍，再翻開材料邊聽邊讀，對已知和未知的內容有了一定了解，然后再合上書，邊聽邊理解，直到全部材料都能聽懂并跟上它的速度。泛聽是指抽空隨意地聽，可以是無材料可循的內容。如收聽英語廣播，調頻91.5兆赫，VOA（ *** ）《空中英語教室》節目，收看CCTV9，《新概念》第二冊等，甚至在平時收看外國影片時也能學習英語，訓練聽的能力。

　　3、聽的訓練是在堅持不懈的努力中，循序漸進的，既不可操之過急，也不能只想不干。聽力時間的保證也是提高聽力能力所必需的。

　　三、說與讀的訓練指導

　　（一）說的訓練

　　說的訓練是高一階段的訓練重點之一，也是培養一個人與人交往能力的重要形式。

　　1、要敢于張口，大膽地練說。雖不如《瘋狂英語》那樣瘋狂，也要把說英語像說漢語一樣自如作為自己的追求。

　　2、多與同學交流，抓住課上機會練習說英語。利用課余時間，尋找機會，創造機會說英語。組成小組，參加英語角等。重復句、造句子、背誦、復述課文都是訓練說的能力的好方法，只有簡單的做到了，再難的任務也就不難了。

　　3、把練習一口氣說出5句話沒有錯誤作為訓練說的能力的前期標準。話題可由感而發，也可以是看到周圍的動態、靜態的事物，張口而出。

　　4、留心觀察周圍的事物，如街頭廣告、標語也是學習英語的好材料，看到后說出來，也是訓練的方法之一。

　　（二）讀的指導

　　1、閱讀能力是一切能力之本，也是高考要求的重中之重。在有了一定的聽、說能力之后，培養閱讀能力也是高一階段的重要步驟。

　　2、從入手，以讀自己感的英文小短文、小散文、小說入手，漸漸地語感增強了，詞匯擴大了，能力提高了。

　　3、推薦讀物

　　（1）由ChinaDaily主編21stcentury·SchoolEdition.每周發刊一期。話題覆蓋面廣，角度多，語言新活，是學習英語的好材料。

　　（2）外語教學與研究出版社出版的書蟲系列，選擇多，語言簡單，生詞量小，興趣的發展得以保證。

　　4、閱讀數量標準。每天應堅持30分鐘，300—500字的閱讀。可集中時間讀，也可利用零散時間讀。

　　5、精讀、泛讀相結合。精讀是指認真處理生詞、難句，對句子成份認真分析等，既學語言又學語法。泛讀則是指重視了解文章大意，可采取略讀、跳讀等方法高三。不論是精讀還是泛讀都切忌邊讀邊查字典，這樣會打斷閱讀的整體思路不利于語言能力的提高。

　　四、幾種不良傾向

　　1、有人認為高考成績高就行了，不練說也沒關系。其實我們現在學習英語已不僅僅是為高考了，而是要為高考后的生存與發展做準備，也為個人與社會大環境接軌打基礎。更為個人向國外發展作必要的準備。

　　2、有人認為多做題就能解決問題。人們常說：量的積累可達到質的飛躍。但是盲目地追求數量而忽視質量是不可取也是無效的。死扣語法不重視在一定的語境中體會、運用知識也是不正確的。

　　3、有人常立志而不是立長志。英語學習最怕“三天打魚，兩天曬網”。高興了干一陣，進步了就停下。走走停停只能導致成績的起伏不定，最終導致興趣降低，自信心喪失，造成惡性循環。

　　4、有人只會做或者是只做老師要求干的事。進入高中階段，走向成熟的表現在學會自己學習，要學會安排自己的學習內容，要學會支配自己的學習時間。

　　五、學好英語，上好英語課的幾個環節

　　1、盡快適應新環境、新同學、新老師，盡快適應高習。

　　2、課前認真做好工作。因為課時緊，內容多，強度大。不認真，課上會很被動。要做到認真聽錄音，模仿，掌握準確的語音、語調，了解單詞意思，課文內容，找出疑難問題。

　　3、課上認真聽講，積極參與活動，給自己更多的機會鍛煉聽、說能力，認真適當地記筆記。高，才能有高水平的收獲。

　　4、課后要及時認真，按時完成作業是首要的。是為了鞏固課堂知識，同時也應適當地做一些練習。遇到沒有理解的內容應及時問老師，使問題盡快解決。

　　5、要有適應新環境的能力，同時應有承受壓力的能力。要會調整自己，相信大家會以飽滿的精神狀態，充分的`準備，順利適應學習。

　　高考書面表達熱點話題范文背誦范文（五）

　　前不久，相關部門針對黃金周的去留問題，在網上征集意見。下面是一個對10，000個網民所作的調查。請你把調查的結果用英語寫成短文，并談談自己的看法（不得少于兩點），發表在學校的報刊上。

　　觀點

　　高二

　　原因

　　贊成長假期（45%）

　　假期集中，方便出外旅游，盡情放松；更多時間與家人一起。

　　取消長假期（55%）

　　容易造成交通阻塞，甚至交通事故；人流量大，對景點保護不利；各項服務質量下降。

　　注意：1 對所給要點，不要簡單翻譯，要有適當發揮；

　　2 字數150。短文中開頭已寫好，不計入詞數。

　　3 參考詞匯：網民—Netizen

　　Not long ago, opinions were collected on line about whether “Golden Week” should be kept or adjusted.

　　One possible version:

　　Not long ago, opinions were collected on line about whether “Golden Week” should be kept or adjusted. Ten thousand Netizens took part in this investigation. Here are the results.

　　45% of the surveyed people hope to keep “Golden Week”. They think a long holiday can not only provide them with adequate time for a trip but alsomake them feel relaxed and refreshed completely. What’s more, with a long holiday, they have more fun staying with the family.

　　However, 55% of the people think “Golden Week” should be canceled. They indicate that during the long holiday, there are more traffic jams and even traffic accidents. In addition, the crowded people gathering in some famous places has caused damage to the relics and led to poor service quality.

　　英語低基礎猜答技巧

　　這里給大家介紹一下水平不夠的情況下如何應急。這是構建在低水平的情況下，不得已進行猜答的一些技巧，并不能提高你的水平，只能加強你的做題技巧和提高分數。

　　中心研究了真題的內幕規律，站在的角度上，通過大量的教學驗證，哪怕是50、60分的，都可以利用英語題目的一些規律來獲取分數，能提高至少20-30分。當一個把這種猜答技巧的思路徹底打通后，能獲取更高的分數。專家并不十分推薦這種猜答，因為會降低同學們的學習，對英語的學習并沒有任何好處。但是當前，我們又不得不提煉出這種，用以應急。

　　當然。這也要求同學們具備一定的基礎，掌握一定的單詞，至少要達到水平。常見單詞不完全會背，至少要覺得眼熟，大概揣測出其中的意思。

　　比如說在做完形填空和閱讀理解題時，不用看文章和題干，只是簡單的比較四個選項，就能瞬間選出正確答案

　　2010完型例題

　　A. worriedB. sadC. surprisedD. nervous

　　我們看四個選項：ABD三個選項都有“不好”的傾向，只有C沒有“憂慮”等不良情緒，所以選C。這么做看似非常冒險，其實是符合高考命題特征的，你只需掌握“詞性比較”這個規律即可：相似意思的選項，如果詞性別于其他選項，那么95%以上是正確選項。如下一題：

　　A. LargelyB. GenerallyC. GraduallyD. Probably

　　ABD都是含義不肯定的副詞，只有C含義較為明確，因此選C。

　　我們來看一下2010北京卷完形填空的一些選項：

　　37. A. opinionB. impressionC. informationD. intention

　　BCD三個選項都是被動傳達的信息的意思，只有A選項是主觀意見，因此選A。

　　40. A. questionsB. commentsC. explanationsD. remarks

　　BCD三個選項都是注釋、解釋、記號，只有A選項是問題，傾向性明顯不同，故選A。

　　……

　　當然，這種題多半是同類詞匯比較適用，有一定的局限性。一般情況下，我們教會同學們在單詞量不夠的情況下該如何讀題、找到題目的暗示，這個才是英語猜答的真正技巧。

　　很多同學的英語障礙是單詞量不夠，對文章似懂非懂或者干脆不懂。那么，考試時就無從下手，茫茫然而無所適從。但是大家請記住!在英語完型填空和閱讀理解題的選項中，從頭到尾都充滿了暗示點,善于利用這些暗示點，可以快速做對!

　　無論任何人，在考試中，總會遇到吃不準選項的題，或可以稱之為不會做的“難題”，那么，如果遇到“難題”，你會怎辦？是放棄？不可能，怎么著也要“猜”出一個答案！那么，是“瞎猜”嗎？如果“瞎猜”，其正確率僅是25%，是可想而知的低！那么，如何“猜”才能有高的準確率呢？

　　我們說過，題目和選項的提示無處不在，只要你學會了如何挖掘這些暗示點，無論是閱讀還是完型，題目將變得非常簡單。就如一個魔方，你自行摸索時較為困難，當有人把關鍵的要點給你指出的時候，那么就變得十分的easy！比如閱讀理解的范圍最大原則：文章主旨大意題，選項無法確認，那么我們找出范圍最大的一個，就是正確選項！

　　52．What is the purpose of the text?（本文的目的是什么）

　　A．To describe the job of a ROM．（描述一個業務經理的）

　　B．To provide information about ALRL．（提供ALRL公司信息）w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o m

　　C．To announce an open position at ALRL．（公布ALRL公司信息）

　　D．To make known the opening of the new laboratories．（讓人知道新實驗室開放）

　　原文中ALRL是一家公司的名稱。假設我們不看原文，光比較答案，大家看哪個選項中所涵蓋的范圍最大？顯然是C。A是片面的描述一個細節，B是提供，C是完全公布,高中學習方法，D只是讓人知道。

　　55．Which is true about the warship patrols according to the text?

　　（關于軍艦巡邏，下列哪個選項是正確的？）

　　w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m

　　A．The patrols are of little effect.（巡邏對海盜造成影響有限）

　　B．The patrols are more difficult.（巡邏更加困難）

　　C．More patrols are quite necessary even in Asia.（即使在亞洲，更多的巡邏是必要的）

　　D．The patrols only drive the pirates to other areas.（只有不斷的巡邏，海盜才會被趕到其他區域）

　　這道題題目問的是關于巡邏，我們發現B選項的范圍是最大的，因此選B，ACD都在說明巡邏更加困難。

　　63．What is the text mainly about?本文主要說了什么內容？

　　A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.這種鳥在旱季和雨季

　　B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.這種鳥的親屬和天敵

　　C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.原始鳥和亞馬遜這種鳥

　　D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.這種鳥類的外貌以及生活習性。

　　很明顯：D選項包含了ABC三個選項的全部內容，范圍最大，因此選D！

　　67．What does the text mainly discuss? 本文主要討論什么問題？

　　A．What pets bring to their owners寵物能給人們帶來什么

　　B．How pets help people calm down寵物如何幫助人們冷靜

　　C．people’s opinions of keeping pets養寵物的人的觀點

　　D．Pet’s value in medical research寵物的醫學研究價值

　　本題中A的范圍最廣，包含了BCD三個選項，因此選A！

　　再比如說題目暗示原則：

　　75.What can we learn from the story?從這篇故事我們學會了什么？

　　A. Comfort in traveling by train.火車旅行是很舒適的

　　B. Pleasure of living in the country.在這個國家生活很愉快

　　C. Reading gives people delight.讀書讓人愉悅

　　D. Smiles brighten people up.微笑使人精神煥發

　　本題題目問的是從中可以學會了什么？而不是本文講述了什么，因此我們看選項，只有CD選項是闡述道理、生活感悟的，才能讓人學習的。那么我們隨便掃一眼文章任意一處，發現smile這個詞隨處可見，那么選D是確切無誤。

　　作為一種標準化考試，選擇題本身是有很多缺陷的,這些缺陷就是暗示點，就是解題的突破口!通過對歷年真題的長時間的研究，對這些暗示點進行了全面、深入、細致的挖掘和整理,確實是可以將其轉化為超級解題秘訣的！但是，現在離高考畢竟還有100來天，我們希望同學們不要因為有了方法而松懈，有了技巧就認為高枕無憂，畢竟，更高的基礎能夠帶來更多的回報。

　　高考英語考試大綱核心單詞 C

　　cafén.咖啡館，小餐廳

　　cagen.籠，鳥籠，囚籠calculatevt.計算，估計，計劃

　　calma.平靜的candidaten.候選人，投考者

　　carpetn.地毯，氈毯，毛毯carrotn.胡蘿卜

　　cartn.二輪運貨馬車casen.情況，事實，病例

　　cashn.現金，現款castlen.城堡

　　casuala.偶然的，隨便的cattlen.牛，牲口，家畜

　　caven.山洞，洞穴，窯洞centimetern.厘米

　　centrala.中心的，主要的ceremonyn.典禮，儀式，禮節

　　certainlyad.一定，必定，當然chainn.鏈，鏈條，項圈

　　challengen.挑戰championn.冠軍

　　channeln.海峽，渠道，頻道chaptern.章，回，篇

　　charactern.性格，特性，角色characteristica.特有的n.特性

　　chargevt.索價，控告n.費用chatvi.n.閑談，聊天

　　checkn.支票cheekn.面頰，臉蛋

　　chiefa.主要的，首席的chimneyn.煙囪

　　cigarn.雪茄cigaretten.香煙

　　citizenn.公民，市民，居民civila.公民的，文職的

　　clerkn.店員，辦事員，職員climaten.氣候

　　clinicn.診所，醫務室，會診clothingn.衣服

　　cockn.公雞，龍頭collarn.衣領

　　combn.梳子vt.梳理combinevt.使結合，兼有

　　comedyn.喜劇，喜劇場面comfortn.舒適，安慰vt.安慰

　　commentn.評論，意見，注釋commerciala.商業的，商品化的

　　committeen.委員會communismn.共產主義

　　communistn.共產黨員companionn.同伴

　　competevi.比賽，競爭，對抗complexa.結合的，復雜的

　　comraden.concentratevt.集中，聚集，濃縮

　　concernn.關心，掛念，關系conclusionn.結論，推論，結尾

　　concreten.混凝土a.具體的，實在的conductn.舉止，行為，指導

　　conductorn.售票員，(樂隊)指揮confidentn.確信的，自信的

　　confirmvt.證實，肯定，批準conflictn.爭論，沖突，斗爭

　　confusevt.使混亂，混淆congratulationn.祝詞，賀辭

　　consistvi.由…組成constanta.經常的，永恒的

　　constructionn.建造，建筑物consumevt.消耗，消費

　　containvt.包含，容納contenta.滿意的，滿足的

　　continentn.大陸，洲contributevt.捐獻，捐助，投稿

　　convenienta.便利的，方便的convincevt.使確信，使信服

　　cornn.谷物，小麥cottagen.村舍，小屋countern.柜臺，計數器courtn.法庭

　　courtyardn.庭院，院子crashvi.碰撞，墜落n.碰撞

　　creamn.奶油creaturen.生物，創造物

　　creditn.信用，分數crewn.全體船員

　　crimen.罪，罪行，犯罪cropn.農作物，莊稼

　　crossingv.橫越n.交叉口crowdn.群，大眾，一伙人

　　cupboardn.碗柜curevt.醫治n.治愈

　　curiousa.好奇的，稀奇古怪的curtainn.簾，窗簾，幕(布)

　　cushionn.墊子，坐墊，靠墊customn.習慣，風俗，海關

　　customern.顧客，主顧cyclen.循環

　　高考英語閱讀理篇章結構題解題技巧

　　篇章結構題解題技巧

　　對《大綱》中提出的理解文章的基本結構的要求，往往通過篇章結構題來考查。考生要學會把握文章的脈絡，理解段落層次之間的關系，弄清作者的寫作。的文章講究使用主題段和主題句。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡要概括文章的中心思想，主題句根據段落的寫作手法的不同可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。段與段之間常用詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴密。為突出主題作者可能采用不同的寫作手法來組織文章，通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。對這類題型的考查主要體現在以下幾個方面：

　　1．確定指代關系。最常見的提問方式是：The underlined word “they/it/…” in paragraph… refers to… …

　　2．對句子意義或作用的理解。最常見的提問方式是：The sentence “… …” in paragraph … means ….; The example of … … in para….is used to illustrate/show … ….

　　3．對段落大意或段落作用的理解。最常見的提問方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that … …; The purpose of writing Paragraph … is …. ….

　　4．對文章組織結構的理解。最常見的提問方式是：How is the passage organized?；Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

　　在上述幾類題生感覺難做的題是第四類, 這類題是近兩年來出現的主要考查議結構的命題新方式,且逐步得到語言專家們的認可。并逐步推廣到對其他文體結構的考查。分析這一類的題我們看出：對文章組織結構的考查不外乎兩個層次。一是按段落的組織方法理解文章的結構，一是按寫作方法（論證方法）理解文章的結構。

　　首先，看看這樣考查從段落層次理解文章的結構。這類題經常用到的提問方式是：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常見的段落結構有如下幾種情況：

　　圖1表明：①（Paragraph 1）是主題段（提出論題或論點），②、③段是就同一論據或者問題的同一方面作論述，④用另一論據材料或者從問題的另一方面論述，⑤段是結論段或者是用來重述論題、強調論點的段落。同樣我們很容易理解圖2、3、4所示的段落結構的意義。

　　下面具體看看05年江蘇卷E篇：

　　The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

　　Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.

　　The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.

　　Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.

　　William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線）, good and ill together. “The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?

　　72．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

　　理解文章段落結構，我們很容易找到答案A。

　　接下來再來看看這樣從論證方法上考查對議論文結構的理解。掌握了議論文常見的寫作方法，我們不難理解議論文的論證過程。從論證方法上講，常見的議論文結構有以下兩類：

　　一、Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 這就是“提出問題、分析問題、解決問題”的過程；二、Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea

　　這就是“由論點到論據到結論或者強調論點”的過程。

　　對說明文、夾敘夾議類文章結構的理解，只要我們弄清段落意義和段落之間的關系，很容易理解其結構。看看下面的例題我們也許會得到一些啟發。

　　例1：

　　I receive a lot of emails every time a column is published in 21st Century. The majority of questions I get are like this: “My English is still very poor, could you please give me some advice?” Since this kind of question is so big and so vague, any answers will be too broad or too general. In fact, asking questions is an art that needs training and practice in itself. And I would like to offer the following tips:

　　Always contextualize your question. If you really want to ask for advice on something, you need to provide a brief description of how you came up with the question and how you can benefit from asking it. For instance, if you need to improve your English, you need to state the skill area you are in the greatest need of improving, and what difficulties you encounter that cause you so many problems

　　The second piece of advice is that your question should be focused and specific. By that I mean that you might have a lot of questions, but choose the one that is most important and at the same time the least complicated.

　　Third, you can practise asking one question in multiple ways. For instance, if you are interested in knowing how you can boost your confidence in speaking, you might consider asking: “I often feel nervous before I ask a question, how can I overcome my anxiety?” “Could you share with me your experience of speaking in front of others?”

　　Of course, the best way to ask good questions is through the practice of questioning. I highly encourage you to seek opportunities to ask questions. It takes time to be a really good questioner.

　　How is the text organized?

　　A．Topic---argument----description

　　B．Opinion—discussion---explanation

　　C．Main idea---comparison--- supporting examples

　　D．Topic ----argument----conclusion

　　解析：文章一開始就提出本文要講的中心, 然后進行論述, 最后得出結論。由此,我們不難得出答案是D。

　　例2：

　　（05 浙江卷 C 篇）

　　In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.

　　First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength. For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck. Each box contained twelve heavy bottles of apple juice. I once figured out that I was lifting an average of twelve tons of apple juice every night.

　　I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor. I was paid the lowest wage of that time—two dollars an hour. Because of the low pay, I felt eager to get as much as possible. I usually worked twelve hours a night but did not take home much more than $ 100 a week.

　　But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions. During work I was limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. Most of my time was spent outside loading trucks with those heavy boxes in near-zero-degree temperatures. The steel floors of the trucks were like ice, which made my feet feel like stone. And after the production line shut down at night and most people left, I had to spend two hours alone cleaning the floor.

　　I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.

　　52．How is the text organized?

　　A．Topic—Argument—Explanation

　　B．Opinion—Discussion—Description

　　C．Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples

　　D．Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion

　　解析：這道題考查考生對文章組織結構的理解，把握了文章的脈絡，我們不難得出答案：D。

　　2007年廣東高考英語題型（討論稿）中提出把篇章結構作為專門的一節來考查：要求把標有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中標記的適當位置，使文章意義完整，結構連貫。

　　做好這一類題，要先理解全文的意義和結構，然后理解段落的意義和結構，分析句與句之間的關系，句與段落的關系。一般說來，文章中空格的地方主要是三類的句子或者段落：一是段落的主題句；二是和段落主題密切相關的細節句；三是段落或句子之間的過渡句/段。所以學會了分析句與句、句與段、段與段之間的關系做這類題并不難。下面我們來具體看一個例題：

　　閱讀下面短文，請將標有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中標號為71-75的合適位置，使文章意義完整，結構連貫；其中一個段落或句子是多余的。

　　Some twenty years ago, the performance of girls and boys in class was compared. 71 Now, the situation is reversed (顛倒) with girls consistently doing better than boys.

　　72 John Dunsford, leader of the association of head teachers of secondary schools, says that the academic failure of boys is a problem which had its roots in society rather than the classroom. Girls, more than boys, see education as a passport to a good job. On the other hand, according to Penny Lewis, a head teacher, young men lack confidence, which they hide with a show of bravado (逞能). They’re uncertain about their place in society. 73

　　Moreover, boys may learn in a different way from girls, preferring small amounts of work with immediate headlines rather than large projects stretching (延續) into the distance. And education is not seen as “cool”. 74

　　This is not just a problem in Britain. In a study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and UNESCO, girls did better than boys at reading at the age of 15 in all 45 countries. The UK ranks ninth out of the 45 countries for reading despite the fact that pupils in the UK spend less time reading than in most other countries. 75

　　A. So, what has gone wrong with the boys, and what can be done about it?

　　B. Interestingly, the study suggested that British children read for pleasure more often than those in other countries.

　　C. Boys scored better in exams, so various measures were introduced to improve the performance of girls, including having single sex girl-only classes.

　　D. This study can offer a great help to teachers and school leaders in terms of proper education to different people.

　　E. Some boys grow up in families where there is no male role model to follow.

　　F. As one contributoe to a BBC website put it, “Girls achieve more at school because they are watching the future while the boys are watching the girls.”

　　解析：這是一篇說明文。首先通讀文章了解文章的中心：全文分析當前在學校女生比男生表現好的原因。文章結構簡單明了：首先提出問題，然后分析原因。接下來我們來逐段分析：

　　第一段提出問題，71空后面說“現在情況顛倒過來了：女生比男生好了”，看了這句話，我們肯定能判斷前一句話的大意應該是：先前的情況是男生比女生表現好。那就從選項中去看哪個句子表達的是這個意思。快速瀏覽A-F選項，我們得到答案C。

　　第二段分析原因。段首的空格72，應該是一個承上啟下的過渡句。瀏覽選項，我們迅速得到答案A。段尾的73空應該是一個細節句，對前一句具體說明，能夠具體說明They’re uncertain about their place in society一句的只有選項E。

　　第三段進一步分析原因。74空應該是個細節句，詳細闡明男生比女生表現差的原因。這里我們不難找到答案F。

　　第四段說明這種現象的普遍存在。段尾的75空是一個接續前句的細節句。瀏覽剩余的選項，我們很肯定地找到答案B。

　　【實戰演練練習十三】（05 江西卷 E 篇）

　　Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

　　A supporter of co-educational schools would probably say that schools should be like the societies they belong to .In Hong Kong, men and women mix socially on a day-to-day basis .In many fields men are even likely to have female bosses. It is, therefore, desirable that boys and girls grow up together, go to school together, and prepare themselves for a society that does not value sexual separation.

　　Some would go on to argue further that growing up with members of the opposite sex is important for personal development. Regular contact（接觸）can remove the strange ideas about the opposite-sex and lead to more natural relationships. Single-sex conditions are seen as leading to more extreme opinions, and possibly even as encouraging homosexuality（同性戀）, though there is no proof that this is the case.

　　Those who are against coeducation often also fix their attention on the sexual side. Some parents fear that close contact with members of the opposite sex is dangerous for teenagers. They want their children to be attentive to their studies. Such parents feel uncomfortable with modern ways and the free mixing of the sexes.

　　A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up earlier than

　　boys ,tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class ,boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed （驚動）the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.

　　72．In the third paragraph, by saying “though there is no proof that this is the case”, the writer means that .

　　A．students in single-sex schools will certainly become homosexual

　　B．students in co-educational schools cannot have extreme opinions

　　C．students in co-educational schools are likely to be homosexual

　　D．single-sex school conditions may or may not have effects on the students

　　【實戰演練練習十四】（04 重慶卷 D 篇）

　　Have you ever had the strange feeling that you were being watched? You turned around and, sure enough, someone was looking right at you!

　　Parapsychologists (靈學家) say that humans have a natural ability to sense when someone is looking at them. To research whether such a “sixth sense”really exists, Robert Baker, a psychologist(學家)at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.

　　In the first one, Baker sat behind unknowing people in public places and stared at the backs of their heads for 5 to 15 minutes. The subjects（受試者）were eating, drinking, reading，studying, watching TV, or working at a computer. Baker made sure that the people could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those periods. Later, when he questioned the subjects, almost all of them said they had no sense that someone was staring at them.

　　For the second experiment, Baker told the subjects that they would be stared at from time to time from behind a two way mirror in a laboratory setting. The people had to write down when they felt they were being stared at and when they weren’t. Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at and when they weren’t .Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at than if they had just guessed.

　　Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”

　　68. The purpose of the two experiments is to .

　　A. explain when people can have a sixth sense

　　B. show how people act while being watched in the lab

　　C. study whether humans can sense when they are stared at

　　D. prove why humans have a sixth sense

　　【實戰演練練習十五】

　　閱讀下面短文，并將文后標有A-F 的句子（或段落）插入文章中標號為71-75的合適位置，使短文結構完整。其中有一個句子（或段落）是多余的。

　　She is widely seen as proof that good looks can last forever. But, at nearly 500 years of age, time is catching up with the Mona Lisa.

　　“The thin, wooden panel on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape since experts checked it two years age,” the museum said. 72 .

　　73 “It is very interesting that when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops,” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University, “It’s because direct vision is excellent at picking up detail, but less suited to looking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows.”

　　74 Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was eventually sold to France’s King Francis I in 1519.

　　In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre by a former employee, who took it out of the museum hidden under his coat. He said he planned to return it to Italy. The painting was sent back to France two years later.

　　A. Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mystery of her smile.

　　B. However, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile.

　　C. Visitors have notice the changes but repairing the world’s most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their current chemical state.

　　D. The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1905, is getting worse by the year, according to the Louvre Museum where it is housed.

　　E. The picture is now so valuable that no one can tell its exact price. Therefore, many thieves tried to steal it in any way they could think of.

　　F. During World War II, French did the painting in small towns to keep it out of the hands of German forces. Like many old ladies, the Mona Lisa has some interesting stories to tell.

　　高考英語聽力輔導做好三個方面

　　在聽力中，應做好如下幾點：

　　一、學會控制情緒

　　考生一定要有良好的心態，把自己的心態調整到最佳，保持一顆平常心。聽錄音時，積極主動，充滿自信，千萬別急燥，急燥不安是聽力考試中的大忌。在聽力考試中，對聽不懂的內容，要暫時放下，不要耗費時間去苦思冥想。切忌急燥而影響后面答題。

　　二、學會預測是提高聽力的有效手段

　　聽力預測，具有很強的未知性、隨機性和時限性，因此在聽力過程中，要善于利用前后句、上下文加以推測和判斷、特別注意關鍵詞、暗示語、過渡句、信號詞等。目前高考所采用的聽力考試，都是先聽錄音后選項。先閱讀題干和選項可幫助預測。

　　三、學會抓關鍵詞和主題句

　　考生可利用各段對話之間的停頓時間，快速瀏覽一遍題干和全部選項，分析對比各選項的不同之處，做到心中有數。對于與選項無關的內容，只須聽出大意便行，即使有些地方沒聽懂也不要急躁，抓住關鍵詞和主題句就可選出正確答案。

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