1、current: adj. belonging to the present time; of the present day 現(xiàn)代的，最近的
e.g. Where is the ~ number of the magazine? 最近的一期雜志在哪里？ ~ events時事
2、faulty: adj. having a fault or faults有錯誤的；有毛病的
faulty、wrong 都可表示“過錯”，但程度有所不同，fault是指人身上存在的一些小的缺點、過錯：My parents love me in spite of all my faults.雖然我有種種缺點，父母仍然很愛我。
而wrong則指不正當?shù)男袨椋踔潦菈氖隆⒆镄校篐e did wrong to steal.他干了偷竊的壞事。
fault: n.
3、risk: [C] n. chance that something bad may happen 危險
risky: adj.危險的，冒險的，大膽的 riskily: adv. 冒險
[V&C: run / take a ~ 冒險，冒風險：They are running a big ~ in the business. 他們在這事業(yè)上冒著很大的風險。at one's own ~ (損失或危險)由自己負責：Anyone swimming in this lake does so at his own ~. 在此游泳者如有危險一切責任自負。at the ~ of 冒……的危險 at all risks無論冒任何危險，無論如何：We have to do it at all risks. 我們無論如何不許做這件事。at ~ 處于危險的狀態(tài) run/take the ~ of doing冒……的危險：I don't want to run the ~ of losing my life. 我不想冒喪命的危險。]
vt. [USAGE：后接動名詞，不能接不定式：They were willing to ~ losing their jobs. 他們愿意冒失業(yè)的危險。]
[V&C：~ one's life/neck冒生命危險 ~ oneself 使自己遭受危險 ~ war冒戰(zhàn)爭的危險 ~ one's life to save another冒生命危險去救他人 ~ everything on a single throw 孤注一擲]
4、admit: vt. agree to the truth of something 承認
admission: n.準許入場的，入場券，錄用，修改，供認 admitted: a. 被承認的
USEAGE：
①接從句或有時用在插入語中：I admit that it was difficult. 我承認事情棘手。
②接名詞、代詞或動名詞（動名詞前也可加介詞to）
The thief admitted his crime. 他承認殺了人。
③跟復合結(jié)構(gòu)，常用to be結(jié)構(gòu)作賓補，但不能直接用不定式作賓語。
You must admit the task to be difficult. 你必須承認這項任務是艱巨的。
5、ought: v. aux. (of people) to have the moral duty (to do something) 應該
DIS: ①ought to 、should 在很多情況下，兩者可以通用。只是口氣不同一些而已。但在表示責任、義務等該做的事情時，常用ought to，在表示某事宜于做時，多用should。在下面的句子中這兩個詞不宜換用。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親，應當管他。
②oughtn't to 、needn't
oughtn't to 表示“不該”，needn't表示“不需”：
You oughtn't to talk so loud; you might wake the body. 你不該這樣高聲談話，你會把嬰兒吵醒的。
You needn't take so loud; we can hear you quite well. 你不必這樣高聲講話，你的聲音我們聽得很清楚。
6、 fix, mend, repair
這組動詞都有“修理”的意思。
① fix為“修理，整理”，指讓出了差錯的東西恢復正常，使其牢固穩(wěn)定。
It took him half an hour to fix my watch. 修理我的手表花費了他半個鐘頭。
Something is wrong with my radio. Fit it, can't you? 我的收錄機壞了，修理一下，行嗎？
② mend為“修理，修補”，指修理破損的，撕裂的簡單日常用品。
I want get my leather shoes mended. 我必須拿我的皮鞋去修理。
The old man was mending the broken toys for his grand children. 這位老人正在為幼兒園的孩子們修理壞的玩具。
③ repair為“修理”，指修理構(gòu)造復雜且又損傷嚴重的事物，如房屋，道路，機器等。
It will cost a good deal to repair the exhibiting hall.修建這個展覽廳將花費很多。
They took great trouble to repair the pleasure boat. 他們修理這艘漂亮的船時遇到很多困難。
7、rather than表示選擇“而不是”，用于兩個形容詞，兩個狀語，兩個名/代詞，兩個動詞不定式或兩個-ing形式之間：I'd prefer to go in May ~ than in June.我寧可5月去不愿6月去。I always prefer staying home ~ than leaving home at night.晚上我總是愿意呆在家里不愿離開家。I decided to write ~ than telephone. 我決定寫信而不打電話。
8、save: ①vt. make or keep safe from danger, injury, loss,etc. 援救，拯救：They saved the boy from the fire.他們救了那個男孩，使他沒被燒死。~ sb. from drowning救起溺水的人 ~ sb. 's life救某人的生命 ~ a person from himself使某人免于自食其果。
②vt. make unnecessary (for ) 節(jié)省，省去：It will ~ us a lot of trouble. 那將免去我們許多麻煩。Save some cakes for your sister. 留幾塊餅給你妹妹吃。You can ~ a mile by taking a short cut. 你抄近路可少走一英里路。The modern labour-saving devices will ~ us much time.現(xiàn)代化的節(jié)省勞力的設備為我們節(jié)省許多時間。
[V&C：~ on: v. + prep. save and not use so much, esp. by spending or costing less money使……節(jié)省：Living near the factory saves my lots of money on petrol. 住在工廠附近使我節(jié)省許多汽油錢。
~ one's face保全面子，保持尊嚴 ~ the situation度過難關 Save us!天哪！]
9、make up for: v. + adv. + prep. repay with something good償還，補上：
e.g. We must ~ the lost time. 我們必須把失去的時間補回來。
10、supply: vt. give or provide (sth. needed or asked for) 供給，供應
USAGE：
① supply不能跟雙賓語，應用 supply sth. to sb. 或supply sb. with sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)= provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 向……供應（提供）……
Cows supply us with milk. 奶牛供給我們牛奶。
Canada and Australia help to supply England with food. 加拿大和澳大利亞幫助供應英國糧食。
② supply the place of = to (be) put instead of 替代
Rocks and stumps supplied the place of chairs at the picnic. 巖石和村莊被用作野餐的椅子。
11、neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to 疏忽，忽略
DIS：
ignore、neglect
ignore忽視，有置之不理、不肯考慮的意思；
neglect疏忽，不留心：He neglected his health. 他忽略了他的健康。
That's my fault. I neglected to lock the door. 那是我的錯，我忘了鎖門。
12、know about、know of：
know about：v. + prep. have information concerning知道關于……的情況：
e.g. I know him but I don't ~ him.我認識他，但并不了解他。
I know nothing about his coming. 我對他的到來一無所知。
know of：v. + prep. be aware of the existence of 知道有……的存在，知道有：
e.g. How did you come to ~ this? 你怎么知道有這件事？
13、pull: vt. move (something) along behind one while moving 拉
DIS：pull、drag、draw
pull指拉、拖、牽，拉向自己或拉到自己的后面或拉向固定的一方：
pull the curtain across把窗簾拉起來
drag指費力地，遲緩地，笨重地拖拉很重的物品；
draw一般用語，用以表示不論作用力的大小而作出的平穩(wěn)、容易的拉的動作，還可用于比喻意義如吸引注意。
14、decline作“下降；減弱；衰退”解時為不及物動詞。它還可表示“拒絕，謝絕”，可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。
e.g. In Shanghai the birth rate is declining.
His health was declining.
My strength slowly declined.
We invited her to dinner, but she declined.
15、CF：as well as 、not only … but also
as well as是并列連接詞，表示“不僅……而且……”。A as well as B意思是“不僅是B，而且是A”，此結(jié)構(gòu)側(cè)重強調(diào)前項（即A）；而表示類似意思的not only … but also則側(cè)重強調(diào)后項。
e.g. The students of the music school study some other subjects as well as music. = The students of the music school study not only music but also some other subjects. （音樂學校的學生不僅學音樂，而且學其他科目。）
16、CF：die from / of 、die off
die from / of: v. + prep. stop living because of sth. 因……而死：He died from a chest wound.他因胸部受傷而死。In big cities during winter months, many old people died from the polluted air. 在冬天，大城市里許多老人因空氣污染而死去。His grandfather died of / from cancer last year. 他祖父去年因患癌癥逝世。"What did he die of?" "He died from a wound." “他是怎么死的？”“他是受傷死的。”
die off: v. + adv. die one by one一個個相繼死去：The fish are dying off because of the pollution. 由于污染，魚正在一條條（一批批）死去。
17、instruct: vt. teach 教，教導
DIS：instruct, teach:
instruct強調(diào)教授系統(tǒng)知識，而teach強調(diào)講解的過程，通常有教的對象。instruct sb. in sth.
He instructs classes in physics. 他教物理。
Some children learn to read by themselves, but most must be taught. 有些小孩自己能學習，但大多數(shù)必須有人教。
18、universal: adj. concerning all members of a group 普遍的；全世界的
DIS：common, universal
common指某一事物經(jīng)常在許多地方發(fā)現(xiàn)或發(fā)生，依照某一事是否常見來判斷，因此有平常無奇的意味，可引申為平凡之意。
This is quite a common occurrence. 像這樣的事常常發(fā)生（平淡無奇）
general指普通的，一般的，與高級的相對應，universal rule. 這是一條普通的法則。
19、significance: n. importance重要性；重大
DIS：importance, significance
importance為一般用語，著重指本身具有重大價值、意義、影響等：
news of importance 重要新聞
significance 則強調(diào)其特殊意義：an event of significance 具有重要意義的事件。
20、intend: vt. have in mind, mean 打算
USE：
①intend + to do / doing打算
How long do you intend to stay / staying there? 你打算在那兒呆多久？
②intend +賓語從句的謂語常用虛擬語氣
I intended that it (should) be finished within a week. 我打算一星期內(nèi)完成這件事
③ intend +不定式的完成式表示本來打算但未能實現(xiàn)的動作
I intended to have come home earlier (but I couldn't).
DIS：intend、mean
intend是正式用語，其義比mean廣泛，既可指具體某種不十分明確的想法或打算，也可指具有想達到某一確定目的的決心。
They intend to work hard to save money to put their children. 他們打算努力工作省下錢來供子女讀大學。
through university. Mean不如intend堅決、正式，多用于口語，表示某種不明確的較弱的或沒有實現(xiàn)的決心，或一種意愿。
I meant to get up early but I forgot to set the alarm. 我原來打算早起床，可忘了撥鬧鐘。
兩詞有時可以通用。I didn't mean / intend to hurt you. 我不是有意想傷害你的。
21、guess: vt. form an opinion, give an answer based on supposing, not a careful thought 猜測
get to know by guessing 猜中
DIS：guess, suppose
兩詞都有猜想、推測的意思，可以相互替換。I guess / suppose her to be a French woman. 我猜想她是法國人。
但suppose有假定，假設之意：Suppose he's absent, what shall we do? 這時不能用guess替換。
22、require: vt. need, order需要，要求
USE：
require和need, want 一樣可跟主動形式的動名詞表示被動的意義，也可用動詞不定式的被動式：The floor requires washing / to be washed.地板要擦洗了。
23、picture: n. an image in the mind形象
e.g. The book gives a good ~ of everyday life in ancient Rome.這本書是古羅馬日常生活的極好寫照。
在這里指“使人明白某件事的描述”：gain a clear ~ of…了解……
24、actual: adj. existing as real fact真實的；實際的
DIS：actual, real, true這三個詞都是形容詞，都可以用來充當定語。
① true除了作定語以外，也還用來充當表語，其他兩個詞不能作表語：
It's quite true that I sang for the people after I had supper with them.真的，我與他們吃完晚餐后還給大家唱了歌。
② 表示完全是“真的”不是仿造的，用true或real.
I'm learning to skate on real / true ice. 我正學著在真的冰上滑冰。
③ 表示“不是估計出來的”或“不是想象的”用actual或real：
Can you give me the actual / real figures? 能給我確切的數(shù)字嗎？
④ 表示“符合實際的”true或actual: This is a true / actual story that happened last year. 這是去年發(fā)生的一個真實故事。
25、gain: vt. get what you want or need 獲得
DIS：get 用得最廣，不要經(jīng)過什么努力就能得到。
gain在斗爭中和競爭中得到的東西，有一定的價值。
win指在（競爭，戰(zhàn)爭，比賽等中）獲勝，并且可能由此而得到獎賞。
26、spare: adj. not needed for use; free多余的，空閑的
e.g. I have no ~ cash. 我沒有多余的現(xiàn)款。
He often plays the piano in his ~ time. 他經(jīng)常在空閑時彈鋼琴。
not in use but kept for use needed備用的
e.g. a ~ tyre / bedroom備用輪船（臥室）
rather thin瘦削的
e.g. a ~ face瘦削的臉
She was tall and ~. 她又高又瘦。
a little; short of 少量的，不足的，貧乏的
e.g. He is ~ of speech. 他很少說話。
thrifty節(jié)約的，儉樸的
e.g. a ~ diet簡單的飲食 a ~ life-style儉樸的生活方式
vt. give up ( someone or something that is not being used or is not needed); afford to give留出（不在用，不需要的人或物），給得出：
e.g. We're so busy that no one in the office can be spared for any other work. 我們太忙了，根本騰不出人手干其他工作。
Can you ~ me five minutes? 你能留給我五分鐘時間嗎？
(usu. in questions and nagatives) too keep from using, spending, etc. 節(jié)約，節(jié)儉，吝嗇：
e.g. Spare no efforts to finish the work. 不遺余力地完成這項工作。
~ no expense不惜工本
( esp. old use) treat with mercy; not harm 寬容，饒恕，赦免，不傷害（舊時尤常用）
e.g. ~ sb's life饒某人一命
Take my money but ~ my life. 把錢拿走吧，留我一條命。
keep from giving( someone) (something unnecessary)省掉不給：
e.g. Spare me the details, just tell me about what they decided. 不用告訴我詳情，只告訴我他們作出了什么決定。
Use the telephone and ~ yourself a visit. 打個電話，省得你自己去拜訪。
27、recover: v. vi. return to the usual state of health, strength, ability, etc. 康復
e.g. I hope you will soon ~. 我希望你早日康復。
She has just recovered from a severe illness. 她剛大病初愈。
The region soon recovered from the effects of the earthquake. 該地區(qū)地震后不久就恢復正常了。
vt. get back ( something lost, etc.); get back the use of 尋回（已失之物），恢復
e.g. I recovered my lost pocket-book. 我尋會了遺失的袖珍手冊。
She stood a moment to ~ breath. 她站了一會兒，平平氣。
He recovered consciousness. 他恢復了知覺。
vt. regain control of oneself; become calm or normal 重新控制自己，恢復正常，鎮(zhèn)靜下來
e.g. He almost fel, but recovered himself in time. 他幾乎跌到，但及時控制住自己。
Jennie made a great effort to ~ himself. 詹妮努力使自己鎮(zhèn)靜下來。
28、take up: v. + adv.
pick up, lift, raise, remove by lifting or pulling up拿起，舉起，拿走
e.g. The whole nation took up arms against aggression. 全國人民拿起武器反抗侵略。
He took up a weekly and began to read. 他拿起了一本周刊讀了起來。
enter up on (a business, a profession a subject of study, etc. ) proceed to deal with, concern oneself or itself with 開始從事（一種生意，一種職業(yè)，一項研究等），著手處理，關注，涉及
e.g. She took up the piano when she was five.她五歲時開始學鋼琴。
When did you ~ basketball? 你什么時候開始打籃球的？
take or accept (a belief, an idea, practice etc. )as one's own assume采納（信仰，意見等），養(yǎng)成（習慣，嗜好），采取（某種態(tài)度），承擔
e.g. He took up the practice of walking to work. 他養(yǎng)成了步行上班的習慣。
~ up the duties of the monitor擔任班長的職務
occupy (space, time, attention etc.) entirely and exclusively 占去（地方，時間，注意力等）
e.g. Music takes up more than thirty percents of the broadcasting programmes. 在廣播節(jié)目中音樂占了30%以上。
It would ~ a lot of time to tell you the whole story. 把全部經(jīng)過告訴你要花許多時間。
29、politics: [U] the act, science, or business of government 政治
USE：
當politics被看作是一門科學或一個活動場所時，是單數(shù)；當它的釋義是政治抑或?qū)W說，或是政治發(fā)展時，是復數(shù)。
30、last: vi. measure in length of time; go on; continue持續(xù)
e.g. The hot weather lasted until September. 炎熱的天氣一直持續(xù)到9月。
The Civil War lasted ( for) four years. 內(nèi)戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了四年。
31、inspire: vt. stimulate to creativity or action鼓勵
USE：
inspire sb. to do sth. 激勵某人做某事
inspire sb. with 使某人產(chǎn)生“某種思想”
32、regard: vt. look upon mentally (with) 看待
DIS：consider, regard as
consider 和regard as 在大多數(shù)情況下可以通用。consider偏重于經(jīng)過思考后得出結(jié)論：
I consider his suggestion reasonable. 我人為他的建議很合理。
而regard as 偏重于看作：
He is regarded as an authority on physics. 他被看作是物理學的權(quán)威。
33、add up to: v. + adv. + prep. (of numbers) to amount to (a total)把（數(shù)目）加起來共計：
e.g. His school education added up to no more than one year. 他總共只受過一年的學校教育。
The money he spent added up to more than 1000. 他花掉的錢總共達一千英鎊。
It all adds up to this --- he is a fool. 一切綜合起來只說明一點--他是個笨蛋。
add to: v. + prep. increase 增加：
e.g. This added to your difficulties. 這增添了你們的困難。
The building has ben added to from time to time. 這棟房子曾多次擴建。
~ to his knowledge of the weather.豐富了他對天氣的認識
~ to our responsibilities增加了我們的責任
~ to our enjoyment增添了我們的樂趣
34、disagreeable: adj.①unpleasant令人不愉快的
e.g. It was obvious that he made a ~ impression on her. 顯然他已給她留下了一個不好的印象。
What ~ weather! 好沉悶的天氣！
Food may be ~ to the taste. 食物可能不合口味。
②bad tempered脾氣壞的：
e.g. She is a ~ girl, she quarrels with every one. 她是一個脾氣壞的女孩，她和誰都吵。
35、sale: n. an act of selling sth. 出售
USE：
for sale、on sale均為“出售”，但for sale常指私人物主出售自己的東西：
The sign on that says "For sale". 那間房子標有“待售”。
on sale尤指商店里的商品的出售。
Will the new products be on sale next month?新產(chǎn)品下月會上市嗎？
36、assure: vt. try to cause(someone) to believe or trust in something, promise, try to persuade 使(某人)相信，向……保證。
e.g. I ~ you that next time I’ll bring my textbook with me.我向你保證，下次我一定把課本帶來。
He assured us that the police were doing all they could. 他要使我們相信，警方正在盡力而為。
I can ~ you of his honesty.他的誠實，我可以向你保證。
37、understanding: [C] knowing about something or someone了解
USE：up to的主要用法：
⑴表示“直到，達到” up to now (that)直到現(xiàn)在（那時）
⑵正在從事 What's he up to?他正在做什么？
⑶勝任，及得上 I don't feel up to going to work today. 我今天不適宜工作。
⑷是……的職責 It's up to you to decide. 由你作出決定。
38、lead to: v. + prep. have a result; lie in such a direction 導致，通到：
e.g. Our discussion led to agreement. 我們的討論取得了一致的意見。
This road leads to the docks. 這路通往碼頭。
39、visit with -- talk with 與……談話
e.g. Please stay and visit with me for a while. 請多留一會跟我聊聊。
40、ask for -- request service 請求
e.g. He asked me for help. 他請求我?guī)椭?/p>
與ask連用的詞組還有：
ask about 查詢：I asked about the book. 我查詢這本書。
ask after問候：He asked after her. 他問候她。
高二年級第二學期
1、nod: vi. bend (one's head) forward and down, esp. to show agreement or give a greeting or sign 點（頭）；點頭表示
USE. He nodded (his head)in approval.他點頭表示同意。
He nodded at my words.他聽了我的話點了點頭。
He nodded me out of the door.他點點頭叫我出門去。
nod one's agreement/approval/OK/yes點頭表示同意
nod a goodbye at sb. 對某人點頭告別
nod a thank-you(one's thanks)點頭表示謝意
nod one's understanding點頭表示領會
2、wrap: vt. cover or roll up in包；裹
USE. David, wrapped in a blanket, was rushed to the emergency ward at
the nearest hospital.戴維被裹在毯子里火速送到最近的一家醫(yī)院的急診病房。
(1) 漢語表達“用……裹”時，英語通常用wrap sth. in… ：The baby was wrapped in wool clothes.
(2) be wrapped in 有時可轉(zhuǎn)譯為“由……籠罩著”：At dawn, the village was wrapped on a heavy fog. 黎明時，村莊被濃霧籠罩著。
3、rush: vt. send somebody hastily急送
e.g. The old man was rushed by ambulance to a hospital. 救護車急送老人去醫(yī)院。
Fellow workers helped me rush my wife to the hospital.
Troops were rushed to the front.
4、order: vt. ①ask for payment 叫（菜、飯、飲料等）p718
e.g. He ordered himself three new suits. 他為自己定購了三套新衣。
You can ~ tickets by telephone. 你可用電話訂票。
Don’t forget to ~ a taxi. 不要忘記叫一輛出租車。
“What would you like?” “You ~.” “你想吃什么？”“你點吧。”
②give an order; command; advise (something) as necessary命令，囑咐
e.g. He ordered the men to fire the gun. 他命令士兵開槍。
③arrange; direct安排，指導：
e.g. He orders his life according to strict rules. 他按照嚴格的規(guī)律安排生活。
5、at a loss: 茫然不知所措；虧本
e.g. They sold it at a loss of ￡5. 他們虧本五英鎊賣出。
He was at a loss for words. 他不知說什么好。
6、follow: v. ①vi. go after 跟隨：
e.g. He went into the shop and I followed. 他走進商店，我隨后跟進去。
②vi. happen as a result 繼而發(fā)生，結(jié)果：
e.g. Do you know what will ~ from this? 你知道這件事的結(jié)果是什么嗎？
③vt. go or come after跟隨，追求：
e.g. Please ~ me. 請跟著我走。
④vt. go along順……走：
e.g. Follow this road to the bridge and then turn left. 沿這條路走到橋頭然后向左轉(zhuǎn)。
⑤vt. obey聽從：
e.g. ~ sb. ’s advice聽從某人的勸告。
⑥understand理解：
e.g. Do you ~ me? 你聽清楚我的話嗎？
⑦vt. be engaged in 從事：
e.g. He follows the profession of lawyer. = He follows the law. 他當律師。
7、likely: adj. probable, expected 可能的
e.g. He found nothing that was ~ to interest him. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有東西能引起他的興趣。
He is ~ to come back this evening. 他可能今天晚上回來。
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home.
你認為什么時候最有可能在他家里找到他？
[USAGE：likely 與possible 都解釋為可能的，但可以說sb. is ~ to do sth. 不能說sb. is possible to do sth. 可以說It’s possible for sb. to do sth. 但不可以說It’s ~ for sb. to do sth. ]
8、expect: vt.①think that something will happen or somebody will come 期待p395
e.g. We expected you yesterday. 昨天我們期待你來。
He’s expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。
②suppose; think 料想
e.g. “Who broke the cup?” “I ~ it was the cat.” “誰打碎了杯子？”“我想是貓。”
I ~ you’re tired after the journey. 我想你走了這一程后一定累了。
9、reach: vi. stretch out a hand or arm for some purpose 伸出（…去夠）：p846
e.g. The old man reached (out) for the desk dictionary. 那老人伸手去拿案頭詞典。
Bamboo has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.
竹子修長的葉子迎風擺動，恰似纖細的手指伸出去觸摸東西。
10、would rather:（寧愿）后跟不帶to的不定式：
e.g. I would rather do it right now than leave it to the last minute. 我寧可馬上做而不留到最后才做。
表示某人寧愿，讓另一個人做某事時，用過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖拢?/p>
e.g. I’d rather you hadn’t told your father about it. 我真希望你沒有把這件事告訴你父親。
11、treatment: n. [C, U] the act, manner, or way of treating somebody or something治療；療法
CF：treat, cure
cure多用于疾病，偏重于醫(yī)治，指病后恢復健康：
e.g. The doctor cured her headache. 醫(yī)生治愈她的頭痛。
The teacher cured the student’s bad habit. 老師矯正了這個學生的壞習慣。
而treat則側(cè)重于治療過程，而不強調(diào)結(jié)果：
e.g. Which doctor is treating you for the trouble? 哪一位醫(yī)生在為你治病？
12、focus: vi. , vt. (cause to) come together at a focus集中
e.g. The boy is focusing the sun’s rays on a piece of paper into a burning glass. 那男孩用聚光鏡使陽光聚焦在紙上。
~ one’s attention on …集中注意力于……
13、relieve: vt. ①lessen (pain or trouble)減輕
e.g. He smoked frequently to ~ nervous tension. 他一支接一支地抽煙，為的是消除神經(jīng)緊張。
②take over a duty from somebody as a relief解除，接班，接替
e.g. John relieved Jack at the door. 約翰接替杰克在門口值班。
③drive away the enemy from (a town, fortress, etc.) 援救
e.g. Soldiers were sent to ~ the city. 派士兵去解救那座城市。
14、recognize: vt. admit (somebody or something) as being real or having the right to be stated thing承認：
e.g. They refused to ~ his government. 他們拒絕承認他們的政府。
15、relief: n. [U] feeling of comfort at the end of anxiety, fear or pain寬慰
e.g. A doctor’s task is to work for the ~ of suffering. 醫(yī)生的工作是解除病痛。
[U] help given to those in need; food, clothes, money, etc., for persons in trouble救濟
e.g. The poor families survived on ~. 那些窮苦的家庭是靠救濟活下來的。
[U] (of) the act of relieving救援
e.g. The troops hurried to the ~. 軍隊火速前往救援。
16、devote: vt. give up (oneself, one’s time, energy, etc.) to something or somebody奉獻
e.g. Now she devotes most of her time to this work. 現(xiàn)在她把大部分時間都用在這項工作上。
17、service: n. ①[C] (usu. pl. ) an act or job done for someone 幫助，幫工
e.g. You may need the services of a lawyer. 你也許需要律師幫助。
②[C] a fixed form of public worship, a religious ceremony 禮拜儀式，宗教儀式：
e.g. Their church has three services each Sunday. 他們的教堂每星期天舉行三次禮拜儀式。
③[C, U]a business or organization doing useful work or supplying a need公共設施，公用事業(yè)
e.g. A big snowstorm interrupted telephone ~ in the town.一場大風雨中斷了城里的電話通訊。
④[U] attention to buyers in a shop or to guests in a hotel, restaurant, etc. 服務，招待
e.g. The food was good but the ~ was bad. 飯菜不錯，但服務（質(zhì)量）很差。
⑤[U] work or duty done for somebody 服務，供職：
e.g. Through the years the Red Cross has inspired millions of men, women, and children to devote time and care to the ~ of others. 多年來，紅十字會鼓舞了千百萬男女和兒童奉獻出時間和愛心，為其他人服務。
18、cheer: vt. ①encourage by shouting approval or support為……高呼加油
e.g. The boys cheered their football team.男孩們?yōu)樽约旱淖闱蜿牸佑汀?/p>
②vi. shout in praise, approval, or support歡呼，喝彩
e.g. We cheered as he neared the finishing line. 當他將要到終點線時，我們都歡呼起來。
③vt. give encouragement or hope to鼓舞
e.g. Everybody was cheered by the good news. 人人都被這好消息鼓舞了。
19、plunge: vi. throw oneself, dive (into water, difficulty, discussion, etc. or in)跳入
e.g. He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and plunged in. 他奔到游泳池邊，一縱身跳進水里。
20、save: v. ①vi. , vt. keep (esp. money) for later use 儲蓄，貯存（尤指錢）：
e.g. Children should learn to ~. 孩子們應學會儲蓄。
②vt. make or keep safe from danger, injury, loss, etc. 援救，拯救：
e.g. They saved the boy from the fire. 他們救了那個男孩，使他沒被燒死。
③vt. make unnecessary (for) 節(jié)省，省去：
e.g. It will ~ us a lot of trouble. 那將免去我們許多麻煩。
④vt. (of a football player, esp. a goalkeeper) stop one’s opponents from getting (a goal)（足球守門員）救球，撲出球
[V&C：~ on v. + prep. save and not use so much, esp. by spending or costing less money使……節(jié)省：Living near the factory saves me lots of money on petrol. 住在工廠附近使我節(jié)省許多汽油錢。]
21、give out
（1）-- send out (sth. such as smell, sound, light, gas etc. )散發(fā)出（氣味、聲音、光、氣體等之類）
e.g. Roses give out a sweet smell. 玫瑰發(fā)出芬芳的氣味。
（2）-- give to each of several people, distribute散發(fā)
e.g. Before the exam began, the teacher gave out the examination papers. 考試開始前，老師分發(fā)考卷。
22、be to blame for -- deserve censure應為……受責備，應對……承擔責任
e.g. He is not to blame for the accident. 發(fā)生這場事故，責任不在他身上。
在be to blame for詞組中，blame是不及物動詞，動詞不定式是主動形式，表示被動意思。blame也可用作及物動詞，意為指責某人。為某事指責某人blame sb. for sth.
e.g. Mother blamed her son for his carelessness. 母親責備兒子的粗心。
23、feed on
（1）-- give food to 喂，給……吃食
e.g. The girl is feeding the cat. She is feeding fish to the cat. Sometimes she feeds it on meat. 這小女孩正在給貓吃食。她在給它吃魚。有時她給貓吃肉。
（2）-- take as food 以食……為生
e.g. Cattle feed chiefly on grass.牛以食草為主。
注意：feed on含此意時，不用被動語態(tài)。
24、expose … to
（1）-- leave uncovered or unprotected暴露
e.g. The trees are exposed to wind and rain. 這些樹木任憑風吹雨打。
（2）-- make known publicly 揭露
e.g. The shameful activity was exposed to the pu blic in the newspaper. 報紙向公眾揭露了這種可恥的行徑。
25、a great drain on 極大的消耗
e.g. All the additional work was a great drain on his stength. 所有這些額外工作是對他體力的極大消耗。
26、stay warm -- keep warm 保持溫暖
e.g. In order to stay warm, he turned on the air conditioner. 為了保持溫暖，他打開了空調(diào)器。
句中stay用作連系動詞，表示主語持續(xù)或保持某種狀態(tài)。此類連系動詞還有keep, remain, rest等，常用形容詞作表語，例如：
（1） The question remains unsolved. 這個問題仍未解決。
（2） Keep fit. 保持健康。
27、go around -- be shared 足夠分配
e.g. We have enough copies of Chinese Daily to go around. 這些中國日報夠我們分了。
28、congratulate sb. on / upon sth. -- express one’s pleasure to sb. about sth. 為某事向某人祝賀。
e.g. Allow me to congratulate you on your achievement. 請允許我為你的成就祝賀。
congratulate 的名詞congratulation 通常用復數(shù)形式，同樣與on 搭配。向人表示祝賀時可說Congratulations! 或Congratulations on your success! 祝賀你的成功！
29、have … under control -- keep … in order控制住
e.g. It was not long before they had the flood under control. 不久他們控制住了洪水。
30、a six-storey building -- 一幢六層樓的樓房
表示同樣意思的還可用a six-storeyed building, a building of six storeys
storey和floor都指房子的“層”，storey指floor與floor之間的空間，floor指的是地面，brick floor磚地。表示在幾樓用floor，例如：on the second floor（在二樓）。表示房子有幾層用storey，例如：a house of three storeys 一座三層樓的房子。英、美對the first floor 意義不同。
美國：the first floor 一樓 the second floor二樓
英國：the ground floor底樓 the first floor二樓