天壇中英導(dǎo)游詞

　　我們應(yīng)該了解天壇才能夠為游客更好的介紹?下面是小編為大家整理的天壇中英導(dǎo)游詞，以便各位了解!

　　各位游客，我們今天所要參觀的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇。

　　Dear visitors, today we will visit the emperor worship was formerly place - the temple of heaven.

　　明朝永樂皇帝遷都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了這作用于祭天的圣壇，占地面積達到了273萬平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻，北面是圓形，南面是方形，取意天圓地方。在一開始，祭天和祭地都是天壇，直到明嘉靖年間在北城修建了地壇，才分開的，并且新增了圜丘壇，用于孟冬祭天，把原來的大祀殿改為大享殿，專門用于孟春祈谷，當時殿宇屋頂已經(jīng)是三重檐了，從上至下的藍黃綠三色瓦分別代表了天地萬物。而在乾隆年間，有將大享殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿，而將屋頂瓦片都改成了藍色的琉璃瓦。從而形成了今天我們所看到的這個世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

　　Ming yongle emperor after moved in Beijing enterprise of Beijing, the big site modeled nanjing is established for this role in praying to alter, covers an area of reached 273 million square meters. Lord architecture is big, is also the site of QiNianDian position today. The temple of heaven has outer wall and the altar, the north is round compound has wall, the south is square, take meaning nature round place. In the beginning, heaven and offering ground is the temple of heaven, until the jiajing years in beicheng built ditan, just separate, and new MengDong HuanQiu altar, for the original big praying to the site, and great temple, instead, when MengChun specially for the mega garden just house roof was three double-hipped roof, from top to bottom blue and yellow green colors representing the earthen universe. And in qianlong multiplied, instead of the house, and now QiNianDian with roof tiles blue glazed tile. Thus formed today what we see of the world's largest ceremonial buildings.

　　可是這樣一個祭天圣地，卻也曾經(jīng)在1860年時遭到英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫，繼而在1900年的時候又遭到了八國聯(lián)軍的蹂躪。在1916年袁世凱登基的時候也曾經(jīng)在天壇上演了一出祭天的鬧劇。在1918年，天壇最終還是以公園開放。解放以后天壇不僅成了著名的旅游景點，而且還是北京城市綠地的組成部分，來這里的不光是旅游者，還不乏一些專門為了強身健體的老人們。

　　But such a praying to the holy land, but also once was in the anglo-french allied in 1860, then the looted in 1900 was again the ravages of g8 coalition. In 1916 the reign of yuan shikai once also in the temple of heaven has played a ceremonial farce. In 1918, the temple of heaven park end up with open. After the liberation tiantan not only become the famous tourist attractions, and still part of the Beijing urban green space, come here not only is the tourists, also have some specifically for the old people vti).

　　現(xiàn)在就讓我們沿著當年皇帝登壇的路線開始此次游覽。

　　Now let's put the altar along the route that the emperor start the tour.

　　現(xiàn)在我們正沿著天壇建筑的中軸線向南行進，將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘有兩道圍護墻，使外方內(nèi)圓，符合天圓地方的說法。每道墻都有四組欞星門，從東面依次是泰元、昭亨、廣利、成貞，每組三門，共有24座，稱為“云門玉立”。大家可以注意到，欞星門的大小都不一樣，這是因為中門是上帝專用的，所以高大;皇帝只能從左側(cè)的門進入;而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過。而門外的一座平臺就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更換祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服臺。來到了圜丘壇下，我們馬上要開始登壇了，不過我請您留心每層壇面都要有多少臺階。到了最高層，大家也就都發(fā)現(xiàn)了，壇上所有的臺階數(shù)，護板數(shù)都是九或者九的倍數(shù)。每登上一層，都要有9層臺階，臺面上的石板中間的叫做天心石，外圍第一圈砌著9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18塊，以此類推，到了最外邊的第九圈正好是81塊;而大家抬頭就可以看到的圍護板被四面臺階分為四個部分，每個部分也都有9塊，而中層的圍護板是18塊，下層的是27塊，這些難道都是巧合么?當然不是，因為根據(jù)陰陽五行來說，9是極陽數(shù)，所以古代的工匠便用這個數(shù)字來賦予圜丘臺意念上的崇高。

　　Now we are temple buildings along the axis to the south road, are going to see is HuanQiu altar of ancient emperor worship. There are two ways HuanQiu surrounded wall, make foreign inside the circle, accord with that nature round place. Every wall all have four groups lingxingmeng, from east ordinal it is tai yuan, zhao heng, GuangLi, ChengZhen, each group sanmen, a total of 24 seats, called "cloud gate jade". You can notice, lingxingmeng size are different, this is because in door is god dedicated, so tall; Only from the door of the emperor into; But other officials can only from the right side of the door through the smallest. And the same platform is emperor ceremonies in worship before replacement offering clothing and wash one's hands and face with local, called served Taiwan. Came to HuanQiu altar, we'll start next put altar, but I please pay attention to each layer of how many steps square. To top it all, we also found, the altar all steps number, guard board number are nine or multiples of nine. Every board a layer, have 9 steps, mesa tablets of stone, called pure among the first lap the periphery of nine laps huge brick slab, the second lap fan 18 blocks, and so on, to most outside the 9th lap is just 81 block; And everybody looked can see enclosure panels were all steps is divided into four parts, each part also has nine pieces, while middle-level enclosure panel is 18 blocks, lower is 27 pieces, these aren't all be coincidence? Of course not, because according to the Yin yang-five elements, it is extremely Yang number nine, so ancient craftsman will use this digital to give HuanQiu sets the noble thoughts.

　　說完了神壇的奇妙，我在給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在這里祭天。在大典前兩天，皇帝要在故宮里進行齋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天壇的齋宮進行齋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，現(xiàn)在的凌晨四點多，奏報時辰，皇帝起駕，齋宮東北角的鐘樓開始鳴鐘。到具服臺盥洗更衣，神牌都送到臺面相應(yīng)的位置，也就是七組神位，稱作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴爐上放一只牛犢，用松枝燔燒，西南的望燈桿望燈高懸，點燃蟠龍通宵寶蠟，臺南廣場上排列著奏樂隊，配合著中和韶樂，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式開始了，皇帝由南欞星左門登壇，這時鐘聲停止，到了第二層南側(cè)拜位站好后，聽候司贊人報儀程。恭讀至皇天上帝的祝文。禮儀結(jié)束以后，要將神位前的貢品分別送到燔柴爐(從正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚燒，皇帝也要一旁恭立目視，稱為望燎)和燎爐(圜丘壇共有12座燎爐，在瘞坎北側(cè)，從東向西排列著8個;內(nèi)圍護墻東西欞星門外各有一對。從配位幄次車下的祭品分別送到8個燎爐內(nèi)焚燒，而四個從位幄次的祭品送到欞星門處)焚燒，煙霧騰空，象征著送到天庭。而后還要將牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘞坎掩埋，象征不忘祖先茹毛飲血之意。在這個典禮上，需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方，就是剛才所說的臺面中心天心石。他是天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象之一。在這里朗讀的時候聲音特別洪亮，而且現(xiàn)在這里也是一樣的，各位游客不妨體會一下這奇特的效果，也像當年的皇帝一樣，向上天訴說自己美好的愿望。

　　Had said of the shrines in my wonderful, and introduce you worship the pomp of the ceremonies. Each year the winter solstice, the emperor came in here to ceremonial. In two days ago, the emperor ceremonies in imperial palace for fast, and the third day, also of winter is just the day before, is going to the temple of heaven on ZhaiGong fast. The winter solstice, seven moment before sunrise, now more than four o 'clock in the morning, to make the report ZhaiGong hour, emperor drive, the bell tower of the northeast corner start tolling. To wash one's hands and face with clothing machine, god CARDS are sent to change clothes, and the homologous position mesa is seven group, called the magical seven bully; HuanQiu burnt stoves in before put a calf, with the burnt to burn, southwest of pine looked at high, lighting lamp light pole panlong all-night treasure wax, tainan square lined up, coordinating the instrument teams and shao music, accompanied by in baiguan, wenwu is formally started praying to the ceremony by south Ling star, emperor left the door when the bell stopped put the altar, to the second south after worship men standing at company who submitted process praise instrument. The revenue ZhuWen read to the god. Etiquette, will soon after the tributes to before respectively from is burnt wood furnace (a bully times removed offerings burn, the emperor will again stand aside, called hope benchi visual their) and liao furnace (HuanQiu altar, there are 12 seats in camp Yi their furnace from east to west and north are lined with 8; Ling star surrounded counterfort things within each have a pair from outside the coordination bully times. The car under tribute to eight wreathed respectively, while four furnace burning sacrifices from a bully times to lingxingmeng place), the smoke and fire to vacate symbol of heaven. Then even will oxtail, venues, cattle blood to Yi candy buried, the symbol of the RuMaoYinXie meaning not forgotten ancestors. In this ceremony, need special mention is the emperor ZhuWen standing by revenue read place, is said mesa center stone. The pure He is one of the three acoustic phenomena temple. Read here voice special loud, and now here is the same, dear visitors might as well enjoy this strange effect, also as did the emperor, like telling their beautiful upward days desire.

　　現(xiàn)在咱們繼續(xù)沿著中軸線行走，面前的建筑叫做天庫，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名為現(xiàn)在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘壇祭祀主神的地方，所以這里也叫圜丘壇寢宮。殿內(nèi)正面的圓形石臺上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前邊兩側(cè)的四個方形石臺上安放的則是八位祖先神主，還有東西配殿用來存放從祀神位。而皇穹宇三個字也分別代表了至高無上，天，宇宙的意思，更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊。

　　Now let's continue to walk along the axis, the building called days before the library, and it is the main hall emperor vault and planet. Huang vault built during Ming, Mr. Nine temples, beginning to seventeen years called tiger was renamed the emperor, now, it's Mr. Arch effect is deposited on weekdays HuanQiu altar god places so sacrifice HuanQiu altar here also called palace. The circular stone temple positive on the lay of god is the god CARDS, but front on both sides of the four square stone was laid is something other gods, eight ancestors used to store enshrined in the holy warrior. But Mr. Emperor vault representing the three word of the universe, days, the supreme mean, more show its divine and sovereign.

　　它是一座建筑藝術(shù)價值非常高的殿宇，總體呈圓形，下邊是高2.85米的圓形須彌座，為青白石筑成，有東南西三個方向的出陛，也就是臺階，而在南向出陛還有二龍戲珠的丹陛石。上邊是藍色筒瓦單檐攢尖鎏金寶頂。而在殿內(nèi)還有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架沒有橫梁承托，全都是靠各類斗拱層層上疊來支撐，步步收縮，從而形成了精美的穹隆圓頂。這里邊還運用了物理學(xué)中的杠桿原理。這組建筑不僅十分精美，而且還有回音壁和三音石，這和剛才我們說的天心石合稱天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻，圍墻建造的磨磚對縫，十分的平滑，是很好的聲音載體，可以傳聲，在傳遞途中對聲音損失極小，只要對著墻說話，就算相隔四五十米，見不到面，都可以清晰的聽到對方說話。而三音石則是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭，您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽到一次回音，第二塊石頭可以聽到兩次，而第三塊就可以聽到三次回音，所以稱為三音石。在后來也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。

　　It is an architectural art value very high buildings, overall assumes the circular, underneath is high Xumi-seat 2.85 meters round for green, white, have built out of the three direction of southeast west Bi, namely the steps, and in south ErLongXiZhu Dan Bi and a Bi stone. TongWa single eaves above is blue top gold treasure. Zan point And in the temple and eight root eaves column and eight root JinZhu, hall, all without beam supporting 3.5-ounce by various Romanesque capitals which should support the fold layers, steps, thus creating the fine shrinking the vault of a dome. There are still applied physics of lever principle. This group of buildings, and there are not only very elegant stone, and three notes echo wall of this and we have just said three acoustic temple stone are pure phenomenon. Echo wall is the walls, Mr. Emperor vault built on the ground brick walls, very smooth seams, is very good sound carrier, can sound transmission of sound transmission way, in the small, as long as the loss of the wall, even forty or fifty metres apart speak, could not see noodles, can clear heard to talk to each other. And three notes Mr. Stone is the emperor vault front hall, you stand on three pieces of stone on the first stone clap your hands can hear a fruitless, second stone can hear twice, and the third piece can hear echo, so called three times three sound stone. In later also somebody call it three just stone, take three conditions to mean.

　　也許您剛才就已經(jīng)注意到了，天壇有非常多的柏樹，不錯，它就好像北京一個天然的氧吧。而在這許多古柏當中，有一株500余歲的檜柏，就是回音壁西墻外的這棵九龍柏。它的樹干紋理非常的奇特，布滿了溝壑，而且旋轉(zhuǎn)扭曲，好像9條蟠龍纏繞嬉戲，所以叫它九龍柏真是一點也不過分。

　　Perhaps you just have noticed, the temple of heaven has very many cedars and good, it's like Beijing a natural oxygen bar. And in that, there is a lot of cooper, the plant 500 years old, is GuiBai outside the western wall echo wall nine LongBai the tree. It is strange, trunk texture ravines, and full of rotating distortions, like nine coil dragon playing, so call it around nine LongBai really a little too much.

　　到此，祈谷壇的主體建筑祈年殿就出現(xiàn)在我們面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三層的圓形石臺，而在正面三層石臺階中，分別裝飾著巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。從下之上內(nèi)容分別是：瑞云山海，雙鳳山海，雙龍山海。各層排水孔的圖案和浮雕的內(nèi)容也是對應(yīng)的。東西兩旁的配殿個有九間，原來是安放從祀牌位的地方，不過在家靖年間，把它們挪到了先農(nóng)壇，所以現(xiàn)在這里也就沒有什么實際用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座極具中國特色的獨特建筑。圓形三重檐攢尖屋頂向上層層收縮，都是用藍色的琉璃瓦覆蓋，以此來象征天。頂部是鎏金寶頂，抬頭仰視，便是龍鳳藻井，中心是龍鳳成祥的圖案。而巨大的三層殿頂就是靠殿內(nèi)的28根落地柱支撐的，中間的四柱名叫龍井柱，東南西北方向分別代表了春夏秋冬;而龍井柱外圍的12個紅漆金柱所分割出來的12個開間，則分別代表了一年的12個月份;外面兩環(huán)的24個開間有分別代表了一年的24個節(jié)氣;同時，這28根大柱，也代表了天上的28個星宿。據(jù)說這祈年殿是仿照古代明堂設(shè)計建造的。在感嘆殿內(nèi)建筑的同時，也讓我們把注意力逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到殿內(nèi)的陳設(shè)上來。這里的陳設(shè)是按照清朝咸豐年間原狀恢復(fù)的，正面的雕龍寶座上供奉著的是滿漢合璧的皇天上帝神版，左右兩側(cè)的石臺上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。

　　To this, the main architecture of the altar mega garden just QiNianDian just appeared before us. QiNianDian base is under three layers of the circular stone stage three layers, and in front of the stone steps, decorated with great relief respectively, called before the house Dan Bi stone carvings. From the above content under is respectively: red sea, and ShuangFengShan yandang mountain, cloud dragon mountain. Each layer of osculum pattern and the content is also the corresponding relief. Things on both sides of the nine rooms, a warrior from original mantle after it, but where sacrificial jing years, put them at home XianNongTan moved to, so now here also there can be no actual use. And QiNianDian itself is a very unique architecture with Chinese features. Round three gates pointed up layer upon layer contraction zan, roof covered with blue glazed tile is, in order to symbolize days. The top is fine gold treasure top, looked up and look up, is longfeng sunk panel, the center is LongFengCheng auspicious patterns. And huge three layer on top of the house is where the root of 28, the middle ground pillars support the four pillars, southeast named longjing column representing the northwest of chun xiaqiu winter; And the 12 column longjing tea QiJinZhu periphery is broken out red 12 bay, represents a year respectively; 12 months Outside the two rings 24 bay have respectively represent a year of 24 solar terms; Meanwhile, the 28 root big column, also represents heaven 28 constellation. It is said that in ancient QiNianDian is modeled on MingTang designed and built. In the meanwhile, exclamation inside buildings also let us focus gradually transferred to the display up temple. The display is according to the qing dynasty here from the original recovery xian, positive carves dragon throne of which are full of god of the match well of the han dynasty about the stone tablets, on both sides of the eight honors before qing dynasty emperor mantle.

　　和每年的祭天一樣，這里是用來祈谷的地方。在祭祀的當天，有樂隊在殿外月臺上奏樂，身穿祭服的皇帝虔誠步入神殿，向牌位行大禮，祈禱上蒼，然后把供品送到祈年門外東邊的燔柴爐和燎爐焚燒，送上天宮。祈谷禮節(jié)和祭天的差不多。

　　And every year as the worship, here is the place for mega garden just. The day in sacrifice in the temple, there is a band instrument, and the platform outside in offering clothing to enter temple, emperor devout shrine, pray god do, then presents the offerings to the east of outside the unlikelihood burnt wood in the furnace and furnace burn, send their heavenly palace. The mega garden just etiquette and praying to the same.

　　到這里，祈年殿也差不多講完了，而它還有一個附屬建筑，作用和皇穹宇差不多，也是存放祈谷壇祭祀神主的地方，就是祈年殿北側(cè)的皇干殿。

　　Here, QiNianDian also almost finished, but it also has a subsidiary buildings, function and huang chun, also be stored as vault where sacrificial altar mega garden just QiNianDian gods, is at the north of the emperor dry temple.

　　現(xiàn)在我們從祈谷壇的東門出來，可以看到一條連檐通脊的長廊，共有七十二間，俗稱七十二連房，它不僅用來連接神廚神庫，而且也是祭祀時運送祭品的通道，在長廊的東頭，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所說過了鬼門關(guān)的牲畜要道這里來屠宰。而在長廊的東南方向，有八塊巨大的青石，稱為七星石，都是風水鎮(zhèn)石。可是這里命名有八塊石頭為什么叫七星呢?原來明代在這里放的的確是七塊石頭，而最小的那一塊則是清代增添上的。關(guān)于七星石的說法每個朝代都不同。在明代，有個道士和皇帝說祈年殿的方位不好，不利于國家，所以就在這里放了象征著北斗七星的七塊石頭。而在清代，康熙皇帝為了給滿族愛新覺羅氏尋找從東北如主中原的理論依據(jù)，就派人考察山脈，發(fā)現(xiàn)泰山是長白山的余脈，所以就在原來七塊石頭的東北方有放了一小塊兒青石，象征東北長白山，如果按這種說法，那八塊石頭就應(yīng)該叫做七峰東岳。

　　Now we from the altar eastward mega garden just come out, can see a long corridor coping of the ridge even between were 72, commonly known as seventy erlian room, it not only to connect to god, but also kitchen god kurnous sacrifice sacrifices in the channel, transport corridor, as it was customary to sacrifice the pavilion, is mentioned had guimen cattle slaughtered oceans here. And in the southeast direction, long corridor there were eight huge stone, stone, are called seven feng shui town stone. But here the naming there were eight stone why call seven-star? Originally the Ming dynasty put here are seven stones, and indeed is the smallest that piece is in qing dynasty add. Stone said about seven every dynasty are different. In the Ming dynasty, a Taoist and the emperor said QiNianDian orientation is bad, go against countries, so is here put the symbol of big dipper seven stones. And in qing dynasty, emperor kangxi to AiXinJiaoLuo's manchu from northeast if the main for the theoretical basis of the central plains, mountains, would send someone investigation found changbai mountain tai mountain is in the original so -odd arteries, northeast of the seven stones have put a small block of bluestone, the symbol of the northeast changbai mountain, if by this statement, that were eight stone should be called seven peak dongyue.

　　暫且不管他們怎么定論了。今天的觀光游覽就要結(jié)束了，在天壇的這段時光希望能成為您北京之游中的永恒記憶。同時也請您把天壇的祝福帶給您的家人朋友。

　　No matter what they made up for. Today the sightseeing tourism will be over in the temple of heaven this time hope can become your Beijing trip to the permanent memory. Also please bring your temple of blessings to you family and friends.

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