初中時態語態總結

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初中時態語態總結范文

　　對某一階段的工作、學習或思想中的經驗或情況進行分析研究，做出帶有規律性的結論。下面是小編為大家收集的初中時態語態總結范文，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。

初中時態語態總結范文

　　初中時態語態總結表格篇1

　　Ⅰ.英語八種時態歸納復習

　　時態是英語學習中一個至關重要的內容，廣大初中學生在實際運用時，往往對時態總是倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復習一下這幾種時態。

　　一、一般現在時：

　　概念：經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。

　　時間狀語：

　　always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

　　基本結構：①be動詞；②行為動詞

　　否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。

　　一般疑問句：①把be動詞放于句首；②用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。

　　二、一般過去時：

　　概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。

　　時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1990, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

　　基本結構：①be動詞；②行為動詞

　　否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。

　　一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。

　　三、現在進行時：

　　概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。

　　時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.

　　基本結構：am/is/are+doing

　　否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

　　一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。

　　四、過去進行時：

　　概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。

　　時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。

　　基本結構：was/were+doing

　　否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

　　一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。

　　五、現在完成時：

　　概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。

　　時間狀語：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.

　　基本結構：have/has + done

　　否定形式：have/has + not +d one.

　　一般疑問句：have或has。

　　六、過去完成時：

　　概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。

　　時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.

　　基本結構：had + done.

　　否定形式：had + not + done.

　　一般疑問句：had放于句首。

　　七、一般將來時：

　　概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或準備做某事。

　　時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.

　　基本結構：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.

　　否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。

　　一般疑問句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

　　八、過去將來時：

　　概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。

　　時間狀語：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.

　　基本結構：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.

　　否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

　　一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。

　　Ⅱ.幾種常見時態的相互轉換

　　英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換，以下是幾種常見的轉換形式：

　　一、一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換

　　在現在完成時中，延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀

　　語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：①瞬間動詞用于“一段時間 + ago”的一般過去時的句型中；②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；③瞬間動詞用于“It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時”的句型中，表示“自從以來有時間”的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時”的句型中。請看：

　　A. He joined the League two years ago.

　　B. He has been in the League for two years.

　　C. It is two years since he joined the League.

　　D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.

　　二、一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換

　　在一般現在時中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學、上課）等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看：

　　Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.

　　Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

　　三、現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換

　　在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來，媽媽！”請看：

　　The train is leaving soon.

　　The train will leave soon.

　　四、“be going to+動詞原形”與“will(shall)+動詞原形”結構的轉換

　　“be going to+動詞原形”、表示打算、計劃要做的事；將來時“will(shall)+動詞原形”結構在書面語中，當主語為第一人稱時，常用助動詞shall。在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will。請看：

　　We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

　　We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

　　初中時態語態總結表格篇1

　　動詞的時態、語態

　　一般現在時的用法

　　1) 經常性或習性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。

　　時間狀語： every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday

　　I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

　　2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。

　　The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.

　　3) 表示格言或警句中。

　　Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。

　　注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

　　4) 現在時刻的`狀態、能力、性格、個性。

　　I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.

　　第一句用一般現在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現在時。

　　一般過去時的用法

　　1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。

　　時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

　　Where did you go just now

　　2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。

　　When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

　　Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

　　3）句型：

　　It is time for sb. to do sth"到……時間了""該……了"

　　It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了""早該……了"

　　It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。

　　It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。

　　would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事

　　Id rather you came tomorrow.

　　4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。

　　I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

　　比較：

　　一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。

　　Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義：她已不在人間。)

　　Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現在還活著)

　　Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

　　Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去) 注意：用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。

　　1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

　　Did you want anything elseI wondered if you could help me.

　　2）情態動詞 could, would.

　　Could you lend me your bike

　　used to/be used to

　　used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。

　　Mother used not to be so forgetful.

　　Scarf used to take a walk.(過去常常散步)

　　be used to + doing：對……已感到習慣，或"習慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。

　　He is used to a vegetarian diet.

　　Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現在習慣于散步)

　　典型例題

　　---- Your phone number againI ___ quite catch it.

　　---- Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 答案A.

　　一般將來時

　　1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。

　　will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。

　　Which paragraph shall I read first.

　　Will you be at home at seven this evening

　　2)be going to +不定式，表示將來。

　　a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow

　　b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。

　　c. 有跡象要發生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

　　3)be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

　　4)be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.

　　注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

　　be going to/will 用于條件句時， be going to表將來

　　will表意愿

　　If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

　　Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

　　be to和be going to

　　be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。

　　be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。

　　I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)

　　Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排)

　　一般現在時表將來

　　1）下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。

　　The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus starIt stars in ten minutes.

　　2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如：

　　Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

　　3）在時間或條件句中。

　　When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

　　Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.

　　4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

　　I hope they have a nice time next week.

　　Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

　　用現在進行時表示將來

　　意為："意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

　　Im leaving tomorrow.

　　Are you staying here till next week

　　現在完成時

　　現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的確和現在有聯系。動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成： have (has) +過去分詞。

　　比較過去時與現在完成時

　　1）過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。

　　2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:

　　yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語

　　共同的時間狀語:

　　this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

　　現在完成時的時間狀語

　　for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

　　不確定的時間狀語

　　3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

　　過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

　　舉例：

　　I saw this film yesterday.（強調看的動作發生過了。）

　　I have seen this film.（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）

　　Why did you get up so early （強調起床的動作已發生過了。）

　　Who hasnt handed in his paper（強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）

　　She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。

　　She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。

　　He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)

　　He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)

　　He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)

　　I have finished my homework now.

　　---Will somebody go and get Dr. White

　　---Hes already been sent for.

　　句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。

　　（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

　　（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

　　用于現在完成時的句型

　　1）It is the first / second time…. that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。

　　It is the first time that I have visited the city.

　　It was the third time that the boy had been late.

　　2）This is the… that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時.

　　This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.

　　這是我看過的最好的電影。

　　This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

　　典型例題

　　(1) ---Do you know our town at all

　　---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. cameD. am coming

　　答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選B。

　　(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before

　　---No, its the first time I ___ here.

　　A. even, comeB. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

　　答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，從句要用完成時。

　　注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。（錯）I have received his letter for a month.

　　（對）I havent received his letter for almost a month.

　　比較since和for

　　Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。

　　I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born..

　　My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

　　注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。

　　I worked here for more than twenty years.(我現在已不在這里工作。)

　　I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)

　　小竅門：當現在完成時+一段時間，這一結構中，我們用下面的公式轉化，很容易就能排除非延續動詞在完成時中的誤使。

　　1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

　　= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

　　2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years.

　　= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

　　顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四種用法

　　1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six)。

　　I have been here since 1920

　　2) since +一段時間+ ago I have been here since five months ago.

　　3) since +從句

　　Great changes have taken place since you left.

　　Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

　　4) It is +一段時間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

　　延續動詞與瞬間動詞

　　1) 用于完成時的區別

　　延續動詞表示經驗、經歷；瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。

　　He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)

　　Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)

　　2)用于till / until從句的差異

　　延續動詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"

　　He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點才回來。

　　He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點。

　　典型例題

　　1. You dont need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

　　答案B.

　　2.---Im sorry to keep you waiting.

　　---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be答案A.

　　過去完成時

　　1）概念：表示過去的過去

　　----|-----------|-----------|---->其構成是had +過去分詞構成。

　　那時以前那時現在

　　2）用法

　　a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。

　　She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

　　b. 狀語從句

　　在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在后，用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

　　c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"

　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.

　　3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

　　He said that he had learned some English before.

　　By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

　　Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

　　典型例題

　　The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

　　A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

　　答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此

　　前一句應用過去進行時。

　　注意：had no … when還沒等…… 就……had no sooner… than剛…… 就……

　　He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

　　用一般過去時代替完成時

　　1)兩個動作如按順序發生，又不強調先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed.

　　My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

　　2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.

　　3)敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。

　　Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

　　將來完成時

　　1) 構成will / be going to do sth.

　　2) 概念

　　a. 狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。

　　b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或一獲得的經驗。 They will have been married for 20 years by then.

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