英語定語從句課件趣味

時間：2022-05-12 09:10:00 課件我要投稿

英語定語從句課件趣味

　　英語最早被中世紀的英國使用，并因其廣闊的殖民地而成為世界使用面積最廣的語言。下面是小編為大家整理的關系副詞引導的英語定語從句課件趣味，歡迎閱讀與收藏。

英語定語從句課件趣味

　　英語定語從句課件趣味1

　　Ⅰ. 定義

　　定語從句，起形容詞的作用，在句中常用來修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞,引導定語從句的詞稱為關系詞, 關系詞的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起引導作用;二是在意義上代替先行詞,并在從句中充當一個成分。其中關系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；關系副詞：when, where, why。

　　eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.

　　The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.

　　He lives in a house whose windows face south.

　　The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.

　　Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.

　　Ⅱ. 關系代詞

　　1. 先行詞是人，作主語，關系代詞用who, that

　　eg. He is a man（） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.

　　The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.

　　2. 先行詞是人，作賓語，關系代詞用 whom, who, that,

　　eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.

　　The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.

　　3. 先行詞是物，作主語，關系代詞用which, that

　　eg . The train （） has just left is for Guangzhou.

　　Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.

　　4. 先行詞是物，作賓語，關系代詞用which, that,或省略

　　eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.

　　The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.

　　5. 先行詞是人、物，作定語，關系代詞用whose

　　eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.

　　China, （） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.

　　Ⅲ. 關系副詞

　　1. 先行詞是表示時間的名詞，在定從中作時間狀語，關系代詞用when

　　eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.

　　I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.

　　2. 先行詞是表示地點的名詞，在定從中作地點狀語，關系代詞用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地點名詞，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度時，也需用where

　　eg. This is the village （） Uncle Wang once lived.

　　They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.

　　He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.

　　3. 先行詞是reason，在定從中作原因狀語，關系代詞用why

　　eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.

　　None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.

　　4.引導定語從句的關系副詞也可以用“適當介詞 + which”來代替。

　　eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the People’s Republic of China was founded.

　　This is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago.

　　I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.

　　Ⅳ. 關系代詞that & which的區別:

　　⒈ 只用that的情況

　　① 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代詞時。

　　eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.

　　② 先行詞被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修飾時。

　　eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.

　　③ 先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時。

　　eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.

　　This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.

　　④ 先行詞既有人又有物時。

　　eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.

　　⑤ 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時。

　　eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.

　　⑥ 句中已有who或which,為了避免重復時。

　　eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?

　　⒉ 不能用 that的情況：

　　① 引導非限制性定語從句；

　　eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.

　　② 介詞 + 關系代詞。

　　eg. This is the room in（） my father lived last year.

　　Ⅴ. as引導定語從句時的用法(as 相當于that & which)

　　① as引導限制性定語從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結構中。

　　eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.

　　Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.

　　② as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置靈活，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

　　eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.

　　Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.

　　Ⅵ. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的主要區別:

　　限制性定語從句: 一般緊跟在先行詞后面,不用逗號把從句與先行詞分隔開來。使先行詞的意思十分明確,成為特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就會失去意義不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能說明問題。通常譯為定語。

　　非限制性定語從句: 通常由逗號與句子其他成分隔開。只是對先行詞作進一步的說明,沒有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常譯為并列的句子。

　　eg. I was the only person in our office （） was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）

　　Tom’s father, （） is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）

　　Ⅶ. 分隔定語從句

　　即先行詞與關系代詞、副詞之間被介詞短語，同位語，謂語等分隔開來。

　　此種定語從句，在選擇關系詞時，要注意找準先行詞。

　　eg. There is an expression in his eyes （）I can’t understand.

　　I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.

　　I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.

　　選擇填空：

　　1. It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

　　A. that B. when C. since D. before

　　2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer.

　　A. it B. which C. where D. that

　　3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.

　　A. when B. where C. that D. which

　　4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.

　　A. they B. where C. what D. that

　　5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　A. when B. which C. where D. while

　　6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently.

　　A. which B. what C. them D. those

　　7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

　　A. when B. that C. where D. there

　　8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

　　A. which B. where C. what D. who

　　9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

　　A. this B. that C. what D. which

　　10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years.

　　A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which

　　11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

　　A. which B. whose C. when D. where

　　12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it.

　　A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that

　　13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody.

　　A. it B. as C. that D. what

　　14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.

　　A. That B. Which C. As D. It

　　15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do.

　　A. that B. what C. which D. where

　　16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes.

　　A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when

　　17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived.

　　A. which B. who C.不填 D. that

　　18.The world is made up of matter.

　　A. in that we live B. on which we live

　　C. where we live in D. we live in

　　19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like.

　　A. that B. who C. as D. whom

　　20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

　　A. he explained B. what he explained

　　C. how he explained D. why he explained

　　21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me.

　　A. how B. that C. what D. which

　　22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.

　　A. that B. which C. whose D. what

　　23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year.

　　A. who B. where C. when D. which

　　英語定語從句課件趣味2

　　一、定義及相關術語

　　1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。

　　2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

　　3．關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。

　　關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有when, where, why等。

　　關系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。例如：

　　The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

　　該句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語從句，修飾先行詞the man， “who”是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語從句中作主語。

　　二、定語從句的種類以及區別

　　定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，現將它們之間的用法及區別列表如下

　　限制性定語從句

　　非限制性定語從句

　　和先行詞的關系密切（刪去后，影響整個句子意義的表達）

　　和先行詞的關系不密切（是一種補充說明，刪去后不影響整個句子意義的表達）

　　不用逗號分開

　　一般使用逗號分開

　　可用關系代詞that引導

　　不可用關系代詞that引導

　　可以省略（that，who，which在從句中擔當賓語時可以省略）

　　不可以省略

　　可以替代（whom作賓語時，可用who或that替代）

　　不能替代

　　只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分

　　修飾整個主句或主句的一部分，此時定語從句前有逗號分開，只能用which或as引導。

　　請看下面例句的不同含義：

　　限制性：她有兩個當解放軍的兒子。

　　She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.

　　(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)

　　非限制性：她有兩個兒子，他們都是解放軍。

　　She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.

　　(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)

　　三、關系代詞的用法區分

　　1.修飾物體時關系代詞that和 which的區分

　　?只能使用that的情況：

　　（1）當先行詞即有人又有物時。

　　eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.

　　（2）當先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數詞所修飾時。

　　eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.

　　The biggest bird that I caught is this bi...

　　英語定語從句課件趣味3

　　1. 形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。

　　2. 語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.

　　3. 語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個定語從句，整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補充說明或描述的作用。

　　This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書。

　　Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產。

　　4. 翻譯時，限制性定語從句可譯為一句(較短的一般譯為的字結構);而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。(見上句翻譯)

　　比較: He has a sister, who is a musician.

　　He has a sister who is a musician.

　　引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞，指人時用who, whom, whose , 指物時用which , whose; 關系副詞when，where, why, etc.

　　1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.

　　2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.

　　3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

　　英語定語從句課件趣味4

　　引導定語從句的關系代詞有：that（指人或物），which（指物），who (指人）。指人時可用that或who；指物時可用that或which；但有時只能用that，不能用which。

　　英語that定語從句常見的情況有下列五種：

　　1）當先行詞是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它們修飾時。例如：

　　Is thereanythingthat I can do for you?

　　有什么可以為你做的嗎？

　　Allthat can be done must be done.

　　凡是能做的都必須做。

　　2）當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時。例如：

　　That is one ofthe most interestingbooks that are sold in the bookshop.

　　那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。

　　The firstthing that we should do is to get some food.

　　我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。

　　3）當先行詞有：the only , the very , the same , the last等修飾時。例如：

　　My necklace is notthe onlything that's missing.

　　我的項鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。

　　4）當主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句中引導詞用that ,不用which或who。例如：

　　Who is the girlthat is wearing a red coat?

　　正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰？

　　5）當先行詞既有人又有物時，用that。例如：

　　The writer and his novelthat you have just talked about are really well known.

　　你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很著名。

　　解剖：要搞清這個問題，我們首先要明白這樣一個規定：which用來指代具體的，特定的物，或者說明晰的物，而who用來指具體的人，特定的人，或者說明晰的人。那么上帝當初把that創造出來，還有一個目的'，就是要用它來指代非特定的，非具體的，非同一的，模糊的，泛指的人或物，或人和物的混合。還有一個問題是，上帝創造英語時，同樣也要考慮到的。那就是，英語作為這個物質世界的一個存在，如同人類這個物質存在一樣，也要講究美，沒有理由的“重復”肯定不是美的（當然也會講究簡潔等，所認我們學英語一定要把“英語”當作“人”一樣來對待，因為在上帝眼中，英語與人同樣是他的子民。哈哈，題外話說得太多了，這個大問題留待以后再講）。

　　一、1---3種情況所表示人或物均不是特定的，即是泛指的，所以只能用that.

　　二、第4種情況，如果用who或which會導致從復。

　　三、第5種情況，先行詞里既有人又有物，如果用who,完成了指人，但是把物漏掉了，反之亦然，這顯然不行，所以那就只能用that了。

　　只能用that的幾種情況：

　　1. 當先行詞為all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構成的復合不定代詞時。

　　如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我們應該做一切有益于人民的事情。

　　Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有關此事，凡是你所知道的請告訴我。

　　2. 當先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時。

　　如：You can take any seat that is free. 任何空著的座位你都可以坐。

　　There is little work that is fit for you. 幾乎沒有適合你的工作。

　　3. 當先行詞為序數詞或被序數詞所修飾時。

　　如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人們談論起中國的城市的時候，我首先想到的是北京。

　　This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 這是我們校本學期放映的第四部電影。

　　4. 當先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。

　　如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是賠禮道歉了。

　　This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的一本最有趣的故事書。

　　5. 當先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時。

　　如： This is the very book that I'm looking for. 這正是我在找的書。

　　The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我們唯一能做的事就是等待。

　　注意：先行詞被the same修飾時，關系代詞也可用as。

　　如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一樣的書。

　　6. 當先行詞既包含人又包含物時。

　　如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他們正在談論他們感興趣的女英雄及她們的事跡。

　　7. 當先行詞是疑問代詞who，which，what或主句以這些詞開頭時。

　　如：Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾經和他一起工作過的誰不欽佩他？

　　Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？哪個是離地球比較近的星星？

　　8. 當先行詞為主句表語或關系代詞為從句表語時。

　　如：That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本對你很有幫助的書。

　　Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我們的學校現在已不是過去的那個樣子了。

　　9. 先行詞為time時，當time表示次數，引導詞用that, 可省略。當表示時間，可用that或when引導，都可省略。

　　如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地記得當我第一次聽到世界上最美的聲音的時候。

　　I did't remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不記得上個月到達上海的確切時間了。

　　英語定語從句課件趣味5

　　定義：在復合句中作定語,修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句.

　　結構：先行詞＋關系詞（分為關系副詞和關系代詞）＋從句.

　　先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞通常位于定從前.

　　關系代詞、關系副詞：位于先行詞和定從之間,它既起了連接作用,又充當從句的一個成分.

　　定語從句知識大講解

　　一. 定語從句的概念

　　定語從句:指在在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。

　　被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

　　二.引導定語從句的關系詞

　　引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which,

　　who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包括where, when,

　　why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

　　三. 定語從句的分類

　　根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

　　四. 關系代詞的用法

　　1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

　　Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

　　瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

　　The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

　　我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

　　2.which用于指物,在句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

　　The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

　　位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

　　The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

　　我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

　　3.who, whom用于指人,who

　　用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語時也可省略。例如:

　　The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

　　經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

　　Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

　　正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

　　注意:

　　(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who,whom,that,

　　which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

　　This is the house in which we lived last year.

　　這是我們去年居住的房子。

　　Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English

　　novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

　　(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

　　This is the person whom you are looking for.

　　這就是你要找的那個人。

　　(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:

　　The city that she lives in is very far away.

　　她居住的城市非常遠。

　　(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:

　　a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

　　He was the first person that passed the exam.

　　他是第一個通過考試的人。

　　b. 被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, theone等不定代詞指物時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

　　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

　　你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

　　c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

　　This is the same bike that I lost.

　　這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

　　d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

　　I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in theroom.

　　我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

　　e. 以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:

　　Who is the girl that is crying?

　　正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

　　f. 主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which,例如:

　　There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

　　桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

　　(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

　　a. 先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:

　　What’s that which is under the desk?

　　在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

　　b. 關系代詞前有介詞時,which,而不用that.例如:

　　This is the room in which he lives.

　　這是他居住的房間。

　　c. 引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞指事物時,用which, 而不用that,例如:

　　Tom came back, which made us happy.

　　湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

　　五. 關系副詞的用法

　　1. when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,when在定語從句中作時間狀語。例如:

　　This was the time when he arrived.

　　這是他到達的時間。

　　2. where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,where在定語從句中作地點狀語。例如:

　　This is place where he works.

　　這是他工作的地點。

　　3. why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,why在定語從句中做原因狀語。例如:

　　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

　　沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

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