Unit12 Education
高三英語(yǔ)備課組 主備：謝琴 2017-11-20
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn about education in China and other countries
2. Talk about study methods and learning styles
3. Practise making comparisons
4. Integrative language practice
Important new words and phrases:
load, workload, strict, compulsory, commitment, skeptical, tendency, absent, expand, distribute, corporation, donate, curriculum, ministry, worldwide, aspect, profession, alongside, advocate, housewife, obtain, evident, recorder, select, suit, restriction, schedule, presentation, to begin with, drop out (of), result in, attach ... to ...
Important sentences structures:
1. It is reported that 99% of school-age children in China attended primary school by 2004. P103
2. In China, as in other countries, the government realizes that the future welfare of its citizens is closely linked to education. P103
3. In areas where agriculture plays an important role, people do not attach importance to education, and parents are skeptical of anything that take children away from their work on farm. P103
4. In some cultures parents are particularly unwilling to send their daughters to school because the custom is to educate boys rather than girls. P 103
5. To solve this, Australia uses “distance learning” methods, where the students have lessons by two-way radio and mail. P 103
6. In these countries, where some people do not even have fresh water or basic health care, reaching the target of “Education for All” will be a huge task, despite help from the international community. P104
Teaching procedures:
Period I Word Study
1. load
A. n.[C]
1.) 裝載;擔(dān)子
The load on that beam is more than it will bear. 那根梁上的載重超過(guò)了它所能承受的量。
2.) (精神方面的)負(fù)擔(dān);重任
The good news has taken a load off my mind.
3.) (車(chē),船等的)裝載量;一車(chē)(或一船等)貨物
The truck was carrying a load of sand. 卡車(chē)裝運(yùn)一車(chē)沙子。
B. vt.
1.) 裝,裝載[(+with)]
碼頭工人正把煤裝上船。 The dockers are .
2.) 把彈藥裝入(槍,炮);把膠卷裝入(照相機(jī))
別忘了給你的相機(jī)裝膠卷。
3.) 使擺滿;使充滿;使長(zhǎng)滿 [(+with)]
The air soot. 空氣充滿煤煙。
4.) 大量給予[(+with)]
His brothers and sisters 他的哥哥姐姐送給他許多書(shū)。
vi.
1.) 裝貨[(+up)]
Have they finished yet? 他們把貨物裝完了嗎?
2.) 上子彈
The soldiers loaded and fired. 士兵們裝上子彈便射擊。
2. strict → n. strictness
1) 嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)
2) be strict with somebody
Our teacher 老師對(duì)我們很?chē)?yán)格。
3) be strict in something
Mr. Li is 李先生對(duì)自己的工作要求很?chē)?yán)格。
我們應(yīng)該事事都嚴(yán)格要求自己。
.
3. compulsory adj.
1.) 必須做的;義務(wù)的;必修的
英語(yǔ)是必修科目嗎? Is English a compulsory subject?
Education is compulsory for children in most countries.
2.) 強(qiáng)制的,強(qiáng)迫的
compulsory legislation 強(qiáng)制性立法
4. commitment n. 承諾, 保證, 承擔(dān)
(1) 承諾，約定，約束
a commitment to pay $50000 to Red Cross 承諾向紅十字會(huì)提供50000美元
make a commitment
中國(guó)承諾竭盡全力幫助受海嘯襲擊的亞洲地區(qū).
China has help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia.
(2) 責(zé)任，承擔(dān)義務(wù)
I’ve taken on too much commitment.
He doesn’t want to get married because he is afraid of any commitment.
commit vt.
(1) 犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行），干（壞事、傻事）
commit a mistake ( an error ) 犯錯(cuò)誤
(2) 把……托付給；把……提交給 （to）
commit a child to the care of a nursery 把孩子交托給托兒所
把一件事提交給委員會(huì)
(3) 把……押交；把……判處
把某人投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄
commit sb. to five years’ imprisonment
(4) 使承擔(dān)義務(wù)，使做出決定；使表態(tài)
commit sb to do sth / to doing 責(zé)成某人做某事
5. tendency
n.[C]
1.) 傾向;癖性;天分[(+to/toward)][+to-v]
他有悲觀的傾向。
鮑勃有愛(ài)夸張的傾向。
2.) 趨勢(shì),潮流[(+to/toward)][+to-v]
There is a tendency towards regional cooperation. 有一種地區(qū)性合作的趨勢(shì)。
3.) 傾向;意向
His new magazine has anarchic tendencies. 他的新雜志有無(wú)政府主義傾向。
tend vi. 走向，趨勢(shì)（to, towards）
向著岸邊走
趨于同一結(jié)論
6. drop out
1.) 脫離
Luckily, I before the deal .
很幸運(yùn)的,在交易變壞前我已退出了。
. 我的一只牙齒掉了。
2.) 退出;退學(xué)
She to become a waitress. 她退學(xué)去當(dāng)女招待。
To our great surprise, he decided to (退出政治)
What do you think we should do to ?
(阻止孩子輟學(xué))
“drop” phrases:
drop behind 落后，落伍
drop in on sb. at a place 順便走訪
drop into 跌入，落下，不知不覺(jué)
1) If I have time, I’m sure to __ ___ you.
2) With the meeting going on, most of them ___ ___ sleep.
3) During the journey, Tom and Tim ___ __ the rest of the teammates.
7. distribute vt. n. distribution adj. distributive
1.) 分發(fā);分配[(+to/among)]
They had 他們把土地分給農(nóng)民。
2.) 散布,分布[(+over)]
This species of butterfly our country. 這種蝴蝶在我國(guó)分布很廣。
8. profession n.
1.) (尤指受過(guò)良好教育或?qū)ｉT(mén)訓(xùn)練者,如律師、醫(yī)生、教師的)職業(yè)[C]
她打算以教書(shū)為業(yè)。 .
2.) 同業(yè),同行[the S][G]
教師同行們聲稱待遇太差。 .
He is a leading member of the medical profession. 他是醫(yī)療業(yè)中首屈一指的醫(yī)生。
3.) 聲明;表白[C][(+of)]
She did not . 她不相信他的愛(ài)情表白。
9. result in -- lead to result from-lie in
as a result of as a result without result
1) As we all know, diligence _ success while failure _ laziness.
2) The injuries a fall.
3) I was in the bath, , I didn’t hear the phone.
4) He was late for the train traffic jam.
5) He tried to recall her name .
6) Firemen said the fire was under control, but they warned that the change in the weather might ____ _____ new fires.
A. result from B. bring in C. lead to D. break out
10. select
vt. 選擇,挑選,選拔[(+for/from)]
Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee.
。
He selected a team for the special task.
。
比較：
choose---通常指在所提供的對(duì)象中，憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇。
select----指有目的地仔細(xì)地認(rèn)真地選擇，有“精選”的含義。
pick out----比較通俗，指按個(gè)人的喜好或希望進(jìn)行挑選，多用于有形的東西（人或事物）
1) You can your new bicycle.
2) He looked through the suits and the cheapest one for me.
3) the best answer.
adj.
1) 挑選出來(lái)的;精選的
A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding.
。
2) 上等的,優(yōu)等的,卓越的
She only stays at select hotels. 。
11. suit
n. (一套)衣服[C]
. 我挑了一套黑色西裝。
vt.
1) 適合,中...的意
Would Friday morning suit you? ?
The arrangement suited us both. 。
2) (不用被動(dòng)式)與...相配,與...相稱
. 這件衣服你穿非常合適。
3) 使合適;使適應(yīng)[(+to)]
Her speech the occasion. 她的講話在這個(gè)場(chǎng)合十分得體。
vi.
1) 合適,適當(dāng)
________________________________________________? 這時(shí)間合適嗎?
2) 相稱;彼此協(xié)調(diào)[(+to/with)]
The position his abilities. 這個(gè)職位與他的能力相稱。
辨析：fit, suit, match
fit 指大小，尺寸合體
suit 指顏色，花樣，天氣食物適合
match 和……..相配，和……..相稱，使較量，一般指兩樣?xùn)|西互相匹配或兩人的能力勢(shì)均力敵，互為對(duì)手。
1) This hat your jacket perfectly.
2) The color of the cloth a woman at my wife’s age.
3) These shoes don’t me-Have you got a large size?
4) This climate doesn’t her.(agree with)
Period Ⅱ Reading
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn the text and train the students’ reading ability.
2. Help the students learn more about education in China and other countries.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Help the students group the main idea of the passage and understand it better.
2. Learn and master the important words and phrases in this period.
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to help the students fully understand the passage and improve their reading ability.
Teaching methods:
1. Fast reading to get the general idea of each paragraph.
2. Careful reading and discussion to help the students understand the passage better.
3. Listening and reading to improve the students’ listening ability and pronunciation.
Teaching Aids:
the multimedia and tape-recorder
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Pre-reading
1. Look around our school and list some equipment, people and plans that are needed to run a school.
2. What measures does our government take to help the poor children to continue their studies?
Step 2 Fast-reading
Finish the following true or false exercise
1. All of the children can receive nine years of compulsory education in China. ( )
2. Education for All is the goal of many countries in the world. （ ）
3. There are some traditional ideas that children should not go to school and that girls should stay at home. ( )
4. Large population, shortage of teachers and money are serious problems in some areas of many countries. ( )
5. All students cannot receive the same quality of teaching in USA. ( )
6. The developing countries may not overcome problems of population and economy with the help of the international community ( )
Step 3 Careful reading
Choose the best heading for each paragraph in the text and put A,B C…and G in the blanks.
___ ____ Education for all children worldwide will be difficult to achieve
___ __ Solving the problem of teaching quality in remote areas
___ ____ Compulsory education for all Chinese children
___ ___ Problems of number and location
___ _ Encouraging people in rural areas to accept education
____ ___ Meeting the cost
____ ___ Education for All-an international target
Step 4 Language points
1. It is reported that 99% of school-age children in China attended primary school by 2004.
It is reported (said, thought, hoped …) that … 句型結(jié)構(gòu)，通常表達(dá)“據(jù)報(bào)道（據(jù)說(shuō)，人們認(rèn)為，人們希望等）”，其中句首的it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容。
eg. the children will carry on our family traditions.
我們期待孩子們能繼承我們家族的傳統(tǒng)。
據(jù)說(shuō)他將出國(guó)留學(xué)。 .
2. In China, as in other countries, the government realizes that the future welfare of its citizens is closely linked to education.
be linked to 與……連接（相關(guān)）的
eg. 新的橋梁將把該島與大陸連接在一起。
.
The road links all the new towns.
3. In some cultures parents are particularly unwilling to send their daughters to school because the custom is to educate boys rather than girls.
rather than 而不是 would rather … than … 寧愿，寧可……也不
other than 不同于，除了 or rather 更確切地說(shuō)
1) I think I would have a cold drink coffee.
2) I have the red one the green one.
3) These shoes are comfortable pretty.
4) There is nobody here me.
5) You can’t get there by swimming.
6) She works as a secretary, a typist.
4. To solve this, Australia uses “distance learning” methods, where the students have lessons by two-way radio and mail.
to solve this是目的狀語(yǔ)提前，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；另外句中where引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾說(shuō)明methods；此類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句比較特別，因?yàn)槠渲械囊龑?dǎo)詞并非表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，類(lèi)似的名詞還有case, situation, condition等。
eg. 你能想出一個(gè)使用這個(gè)成語(yǔ)的情況嗎？
?
You have arrived at the point a change is needed.
The president makes a speech he expressed his satisfaction.
Period Ⅲ Integrating Skills
Step 1 Pre-reading
As a student you are learning many things every day. What different activities do you and your teachers do to help you learn?
Step 2 Careful-reading
1. How many different kinds of learning styles are there? And what are they?
.
2. Why is it necessary for the student to know his or her own learning style?
.
3. Give a definition for each learning style.
.
本單元短語(yǔ)：
1. 九年義務(wù)教育 nine years of compulsory education
2. 達(dá)到目標(biāo) reach the target
3. 學(xué)齡兒童 school-age children
4. 上小學(xué) attend primary school
5. 與……密切聯(lián)系 be closely linked to
6. 全球教育論壇 the World Education forum
7. 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織 UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Science and Cultural Organization
8. 承諾，許諾 make a commitment
9. 與……相同 be similar to
10. 首先 to begin with
11. 重視 attach importance to
12. 懷疑 be sceptical of / about
13. 使……脫離 take ……away from
14. 改變傳統(tǒng)觀念 change traditional ideas
15. 有……傾向 have a tendency to
16. 輟學(xué) drop out
17. 吸收，接納 take in
18. 短缺（名詞） a shortage of
19. 在混合班里上班 have mixed-grade classes
20. 展開(kāi) spread out
21. 在一些鄉(xiāng)村定居點(diǎn) in some rural settlements
22. 幾乎完全依賴其他國(guó)家的援助 rely almost completely on aid from other countries
23. 遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí) distance learning
24. 三個(gè)中有一個(gè) one in / out of three
25. 通過(guò)希望工程捐贈(zèng)錢(qián) donate money through the Hope Project
26. 向某人提供全部課程 provide sb. with a full curriculum
27. 完成目標(biāo) accomplish the goal
28. 出臺(tái)一部法律 introduce a law
29. 詳細(xì)地談?wù)摚粡氐椎卣務(wù)?talk things through
30. 不愿意做 be unwilling to do ……
Writing
和其他國(guó)家一樣, 中國(guó)政府正在盡其最大的努力給學(xué)齡兒童提供九年義務(wù)教育. 而且結(jié)果非常成功. 然而, 在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，貧困地區(qū)，人口稀少地區(qū)仍然存在許多問(wèn)題和困難. 遠(yuǎn)程教育和混合班很有幫助. 一些國(guó)際組織和地方組織都提供了一些錢(qián)來(lái)滿足貧困地區(qū)的花費(fèi).
盡管“全民教育”這個(gè)目標(biāo)很難達(dá)到, 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織，每個(gè)政府以及一些當(dāng)?shù)亟M織正在努力.我們的路很漫長(zhǎng),但我們一定會(huì)成功!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Period Ⅳ Exercises
單項(xiàng)選擇：
1. He was strict his work.
A. in B. with C. for D. on
2. Fifteen people were present the meeting held yesterday, and five were absent it.
A. from; at B. to; from C. at; from D. at; to
3. Hard work success.
A. results from B. leads in C. lie in D. results in
4. in the college entrance examination twice, he decides it again.
A. To fail; not to take B. Having failed; not to take
C. On failing; not to take D. Failing; not taking
5. This house is similar that one in style.
A. to B. in C. for D. on
6. Tom didn’t like to study at school and later .
A. dropped in B. dropped out C. dropped on D. dropped off
7. He, you, is to blame.
A. other B. rather than C. and D. more than
8. She great importance regular exercises.
A. ties; to B. puts; to C. attaches; to D. lays; on
9. They listened to my lecture, but how much did they ,I wonder?
A. get in B. put in C. take on D. take in
10. He found his uncle the reading of a workers newspaper.
A. absorbing B. absorbed C. buried D. absorbed in
11. The newly designed shirt me but the color me well.
A. doesn’t fit; fits B. isn’t fit for; fits C. doesn’t fit; suits D. isn’t fit for; suits
12. The problem _________ many children have __________ out of school is getting more and more serious.
A. that; dropped B. which; got C. of; fallen D. as; run
13. I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem all the time.
A. to get worse B. to have got worse
C. that it is getting worse D. to be getting worse
14. , the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.
A. Wanting the job very much B. Although wanting the job badly
C. Though he wanted the job very much D. He wanted the job badly
15. -Now that you like the Lenovo Computer, why not buy one?
-Well, I can’t afford computer.
A. that expensive a B. a that expensive C. that an expensive D. an expensive that
完形填空
"Is the plane strong enough?" I asked myself when I saw my aero plane. We saw luggage 16 to it on trolleys and being loaded from under the aircraft. Next, three men and three girls, all in _ 17 , went over to the plane and 18 it. Over the loudspeakers we were 19 the plane was ready to leave and were asked to walk 20 to it. Everybody moved quickly in order to get the seats they wanted. I was 21 to get a seat near the tail, but the plane looked 22 inside than it had from outside. I fastened my seat___23 before we 24 and tried to 25 my nervousness. After an hour's flying I 26 black clouds ahead through my window.
My 27 immediately returned. An electric sign flashed 28 : "Fasten your seat belts, please." And one of the hostesses made a 29 _request over the loudspeakers. She told us we were about to fly into a storm but __20 cheerfully there was nothing to worry 21 . The plane shook all over, dropped about 20 feel and seemed to hang on one 22 .Then very suddenly it rose 20 feet and a great flash of 23_ lit up the passenger compartment. For five minutes the three 24 did their best to give out anti-sickness pills and __25__ the passengers. The plane rose and fell. Then we noticed it was climbing higher and higher. The sky became light again and soon we were flying steadily. The pilot had managed to get above the storm. I realized then that the plane was definitely stronger than it looked, and it was unnecessary for me to worry at first.
16. A. going out B. gone out C. making out D. taking out
17. A. clothes B. uniform C. form D. uniformity
18. A. reached B. flew C. entered D. climbed
19. A. asked B. noticed C. announced D. told
20. A. out B. along C. in D. by
21. A. impossible B. incapable C. unable D. unsuitable
22. A. prettier B. stronger C. steadier D. smaller
23. A. belt B. string C. hand D. ribbon
24. A. took off B. took out C. landed D. took of
25. A. kill B. decrease C. forget D. relax
26. A. noticed B. had been noticing C. would notice D. had noticed
27. A. sadness B. forgetfulness C. nervousness D. excitement
28. A. on B. up C. out D. in
49. A. general B. similar C. common D. sharp
30. A. smiled B. spoke C. added D. acted
31. A. at B. about C. on D. with
32. A. edge B. hook C. line D. wing
33. A. lightning B. fire C. sun light D. thunder
34. A. hostesses B. men C. pilots D. passengers
35. A. smooth B. save C. cool D. comfort
閱讀理解
A
According to some talk, the younger generation in Smithville is the most anti-social in history. This seems far from the truth. Young people today as a whole are better, more informed, more ambitious, healthier, and more alert than ever before. Why then, it may be asked, do we witness such restlessness and such anti-social behavior among our young people?
For the answer the citizens of this community must look at themselves. What have they done to improve the life of our youth? How many playgrounds have been built in the last fifteen year? How many swimming pools? How many vocational training projects have been started? How many community-organized youth parties and picnics have been held?
The average citizen will answer that the responsibility for these activities belongs to the schools. But the schools cannot be held responsible for all the free-time activities of all the young people of this community. The job of the schools is formal education, not free time entertainment.
This community needs a youth center suitable for such activities as picnics, camping, sports, music, art, and theatricals. There could be social and entertaining activities to meet the needs and interests of every member of out school age youth.
Mayor Elmo D. Greely has proposed the formation of a Youth Club as the first step in the direction of a Youth Center. Mayor Greely has called a meeting at the City Hall on Friday, August 15.
36. What does the writer think of the underlined sentence?
A. He thinks it is true. B. He thinks it is not true.
C. He thinks it is partly true. D. He thinks it is nonsense.
37. The main idea of paragraph 2 and 3 is ________.
A. to give us lots of questions to show that the problem is serious
B. that schools should hold the responsibility for education rather than entertainment
C. to analyze the reasons why the youth are anti-social
D. that schools should take more activities or star many vocational training projects
38. The solution to the problem of the youth's anti-social behavior is ___________.
A. enriching the life of the youth B. taking part in picnics, camping
C. attending a meeting held by Mayor D. needing support from youth
39. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. The anti-social problem, B. The duty of formal education.
C. A Youth Club is needed. D. A Youth Center is needed.
B
Australia has very strict laws relating to the importation and possession of certain goods. Food, plant material and animal products from overseas--including many common souvenirs -could introduce some of the world's most serious pests and diseases into Australia. Failing to declare quarantine items (需要檢疫的物品) on arrival could destroy our agriculture, tourism industries and special environment.
Every piece of luggage will be screened or x-rayed on arrival in Australia. So you must declare for inspection of all food, plant material and animal products to check that they are free of pests and diseases.
You must tick YES on the Incoming Passenger Card(IPC) to declare if you are carrying any food, plant material or animal products. In signing the IPC, passengers are making a legal declaration and failure to answer all questions truthfully can have serious consequences.
If you fail to declare or dispose of any quarantine items, or make a false declaration:
* you will get caught;
* you could be fined over A $ 200 on-the-spot; or
* you could be prosecuted and fined more than A $ 60,000 and risk up to 10 years imprisonment;
If you are not sure about the items you are carrying, ask a quarantine officer who will determine whether they are allowed into Australia.
40. The reason why you are asked to declare quarantine items on arrival is that _________.
A. too many overseas products could destroy Australia's tourism industry.
B. animal products are often the cause of various diseases.
C. as is known to us all, bad food can spread diseases easily.
D. these items may carry dangerous pests or diseases into Australia.
41. You need to declare the following things EXCEPT _______ if you have them in your luggage.
A. some metal hairclips B. dried flowers
C. some moon-cakes D. a bottle of honey
42. For what purpose is the passage written?
A. To inform the passengers of the law on the exportation of goods.
B. To warn the passengers not to take unsafe goods.
C. To tell the passengers to Australia to have their quarantine items declared.
D. To urge the passengers to protect the agriculture, tourism and environment.
43. If you don't declare quarantine items, ________.
A. you can probably get away with it
B. you are sure to be discovered and punished
C. you can turn to the customs officers for help
D. you can give them away to a quarantine officer
C
United States President George W. Bush is expected to issue a directive in the next few weeks. It will give the US Air force a green light for the development of space weapons, US media reported last week.
This would potentially trigger a new global arms race, some experts have warned.
To keep that from happening, last Wednesday the White House explained that it was not considering putting weapons in space. It said it was making a shift in US space policy to allow for protection of satellites.
But some defense analysts and arms control advocates argue that the policy will pave the way for the US to put both defensive and offensive weapons in space.
"No one should be fooled," said Theresa Hitches, an American weapons expert.
The US is now restricted by a 1996 directive signed by President Bill Clinton. Plans for space weapons were vetoed by the Clinton cabinet. The directive emphasized the peaceful use of space, in agreement with almost unanimous(一致的) global opinion.
The US military has placed importance on space and has sent up numerous satellites for troop communications and to provide intelligence and data to guide bombs to their targets.
The US Air force wants to develop space-based weapons that could strike targets any where in the world within 90 minutes of receiving the order to open fire.
These new weapons under development cover a wide range. They include hunter-killer satellites(殺手衛(wèi)星) and orbiting weapons(沿軌道運(yùn)行的武器系統(tǒng)). And they use lasers, radio waves, or even dense metal tubes, known as "Rods from God", dropped from space to do the damage.
There are many barriers to the setting up of this kind of program, experts say.
First is the cost. It is estimated that the budget may be US $ 220 billion to US $1 trillion. The technical difficulties of developing reliable space weapons are also a problem. And, the move will draw strong criticism from around the world. Experts worry about triggering a space arms race.
44. The news report mainly deals with ______.
A. US Military Plans.
B. The Global Arms Race
C. A Comparison between Two presidents.
D. President George W. Bush and the World Peace
45. Which of the following statements are mentioned in the passage above?
a. President George W. Bush supports space weapon development.
b. The US space weapon project is very costly.
c. The American space-based weapons to be developed will be able to target any place on the earth.
d. The US military has few difficulties with the development of space weapons.
e. The space weapon program will threaten world peace.
f. Clinton government was poorer than Bush government.
A. b,d,e,f B. a,c,d,f C. b,c,d,e D. a,b,c,e
46. After reading this passage, it can be inferred that _________.
A. George W. Bush's directive to be issued will be against global opinions.
B. The White House is right in explaining that US new space policy aims to protect satellites.
C. US government has little difficulty in developing new weapons.
D. President George W. Bush and Bill Clinton share a lot in common.
47. The author's attitude towards the upcoming space weapon development is ________.
A. supportive and optimistic B. critical and worried
C. excited and content D. indifferent but a little encouraged