Words and Expressions for Unit 10, Module IV, BNUP
Learning to learn
1. motivate vt. 為……之動機（常用被動語態(tài)） ；引起……
The murder was motivated by hatred. 那兇殺案是由仇恨所引起的。
What motivated you to do such a thing? 引起你做這樣的事的動機是什么 ?
motivation n. 動機，刺激，推動 [名校學案：P.2]
2. technique n. （科學、藝術、運動等的）技巧；技術[U]；手法，技法 [C] way of doing something
technique in medicine and surgery 內(nèi)外科技術
They admired the pianist’s perfect technique.
They need to learn modern management techniques. 他們還得學習現(xiàn)代管理技術。
Dick had a new technique for doing the high jump. 迪克有一種跳高的新技術。
to learn the advanced techniques from other countries 學習別國的先進技術 [名校學案：P.2]
* technology （科學）技術 [U] practical science
We should master the basic advanced technology of the new century.
enjoy a high level of technology 享受高水準的科技 science and technology 科學和技術
3. native a. 出生地的，祖國的，家鄉(xiāng)的；本土的； 土生的[B][(+to)]；(某地)特有的；土著的
They are native speakers of English. 他們的母語是英語。
The giant panda is native to China. 大熊貓是中國特有的動物。
She was native to Taipei. 她原籍臺北。 Native American 美洲原住民；印第安人
* n. 本地人，本國人[(+of)]； 土著，原住民[P1] ；(某地)原有的動(植)物[(+of)]
Are you a native here, or just a visitor? 你是本地人?或者只是過客?
The professor set to study the habits of the natives. 教授著手研究當?shù)鼐用竦纳盍晳T。
The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是澳大利亞的土生動物。
4. achievement 達成；完成[U] ； 成就,成績[C]
achievement of an ambition 抱負的實現(xiàn) make achievements 取得成就
The invention of the computer is a great achievement. 發(fā)明電腦是一大成就。
* achieve v. do or finish something well after trying hard
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
你若總是這樣消磨時間,就永遠不會有所成就。
achieve success 取得成功 achieve a victory 獲勝 achieve the four modernizations實現(xiàn)四個現(xiàn)代化
5. put off 推遲；拖延 postpone (an appointment, a trip, a visit, etc.); postpone an engagement with (sb.)
It’s raining hard. We’d better put off the sports meet. 正在下大雨，我們最好把運動會延期。
Don’t put off till tomorrow what can be done today. 今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做。
* 阻止；勸阻；使泄氣 hinder; dissuade; discourage [名校學案：P.3]
We are not going to allow a little difficulty like that to put us off. 決不讓那么一點點困難把我們嚇倒。
6. billion num. （美、法）十億；（英、德）萬億 (美) thousand million , (英) million million ；
大量,無數(shù)[P][(+of)] Billions of stars twinkled in the sky. 無數(shù)星星在天空閃爍。
7. percentage n. 百分比[率]，比率 ；（口語）利益,賺頭； [~s] (勝的) 機率，勝算
What percentage of the students are [is] admitted to college(s)? 有多少百分比的學生獲準進入大學?
A small percentage of the farm produce was ruined. 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中的一小部分壞掉了。
There is no percentage in it. 沒有賺頭（好處）。 play the percentages 計算得失（機率）而行動
8. exist vi. 存在 to be, to be real
We cannot exist without air. 沒有空氣，我們就不能生存。
Does life exist on other planets? 別的行星上有生命嗎？
The Qin dynasty existed for a very short period. 秦朝存在的時間很短。
Matter generally exists in three states: gas, liquid and solid. 物質(zhì)通常有三態(tài)：氣態(tài)、液態(tài)和固態(tài)。
They cannot exist on such a small income. 靠這點收入他們不能夠生活。 exist on food
* existence n.[U] 存在 being
The tree owes its existence to soil. 樹木依賴泥土生存。
bring into existence 使產(chǎn)生 earn one’s existence 謀生
lead a happy existence 過著幸福生活 put … out of existence 使……滅絕
* come into existence 出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生 start to be, live, happen, etc.
When did this world come into existence? 這個世界何時產(chǎn)生的？
9. at present 目前；現(xiàn)在
We don’t need it at present. 我們現(xiàn)在不需要。
We are badly in need of teachers at present. 當前我們急需教員。
10. variety 多樣化，變化[U] ；種種[S][(+of)] ；種類[C] [名校學案：P.4]
What other ways do you know to add variety? 你知道其他增加變化的方法嗎?
People like to live a life full of variety. 人們喜歡過豐富多彩的生活。
He has a variety of interests. 他有多種愛好。
Hospitals deal with diseases of every variety. 醫(yī)院診治各種各樣的疾病。
11. bow v. 鞠躬，欠身[(+to/before)]，順從，屈服[(+to/before)]；低(頭)，欠(身)，鞠躬(或欠身)表示；
Some people bow before money. 有些人在金錢面前俯首貼耳。
He bowed his head in shame. 他慚愧地低下頭來。
She bowed her thanks. 她鞠躬致謝。
* n. 弓 a weapon that shoots arrows；結(jié)；蝴蝶結(jié) ；奏提琴用的）弓
to bend a bow 張弓 bow and arrow 弓矢
She tied her shoelaces in a bow. 她把鞋帶打成蝴蝶結(jié)。
A violin is played with a bow. 提琴是用弓來拉奏的。
12. passer-by n. 過路人[C]
Passers-by could hear our rising voices. 過路行人可以聽到我們越來越高的聲音。
* pass by 經(jīng)過；過去 ；（時間）過去；錯過
A bus has just passed by. 一輛公共汽車剛剛過去。
You should never let an opportunity pass by. 你不應該錯過任何機會。
13. defeat vt. 戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗 ；使失敗，挫敗 win a victory over, overcome [名校學案：P.4]
The French defeated the English troops. 法國人打敗了英國軍隊。
The news that he has been defeated in the election is not true. 他落選的消息不真實。
Our hopes were defeated. 我們的希望落空了。
* n. 失��；戰(zhàn)��；挫折 losing a game, fight, war, etc.
The enemy suffered a crushing defeat. 敵人遭到了慘敗。
Victories or defeats are ordinary things to a general. 對一個將軍來說勝敗是常事。
He returned to his home county in 1945 after the defeat of Japan. 1945年打敗日本以后他返回了家鄉(xiāng)。
Warm-up
I. Objectives
Read magazine and newspaper articles, and advertisements.
Practise shopping, bargaining, complaining and selling.
Listen to a radio programme, shopping dialogues and a song.
Write an advertisement.
Learn about quantity words and expressions as well as infinitives.
II. Lead-in:
Some sayings in Chinese that refer to money:
“有錢能使鬼推磨�！� Money makes the mare go.
“揮金如土�！� Spend money like water.
“一寸光陰一寸金�！� Time is money.
“金錢并非一切（意為：金錢并非萬能的）。” Money isn’t everything．
Some English sayings that refer to money:
‘The love of money is the root of all evil.’ 金錢是罪惡的根源。
‘Money makes the world go round.’ 推動世界的力量是金錢。
‘Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.’
積少自然成多 (守住一分一分的小錢，一鎊一鎊的大錢自然就進來。)
‘Neither a borrower nor a lender be.’
莎士比亞說：“既不要向別人借錢，也不可借錢給別人�！� (既不借錢，也別放債。)
‘Money does not grow on tree.’ 金錢不長在樹上 (錢不容易掙)。
‘Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.’ 腦中有智慧勝于手中有金錢。
Some more English sayings about money:
All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend. (Voltaire, French thinker)
人世間所有的榮華富貴不如一個好朋友。 (法國思想家 伏爾泰)
Creditors have better memories than debtors. (Benjamin Franklin, American president )
放債人的記性比借債人好。(美國總統(tǒng) 富蘭克林)
If you would know the value of money , go and try to borrow some.
(Benjamin Franklin, American president )
要想知道錢的價值，就想辦法去借錢試試。(美國總統(tǒng) 富蘭克林)
If your Riches are yours , why don’t you take them with you to the other world ?(Benjamin Franklin, American president )
如果財富是你的，那么你為什么不把它們和你一起帶到另一個世界去呢？(美國總統(tǒng) 富蘭克林)
Money is a good servant and a bad master. (Francis Bacon, British philosopher )
要做金錢的主人,莫做金錢的奴隸。金錢是善仆，也是惡主。( 英國哲學家 培根)
Money is like muck , not good except it be spread .(Francis Bacon, British philosopher)
金錢好比糞肥，只有撒到在大地才是有用之物。(英國哲學家 培根)
Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing. (Albert Einstein , American scientist )
有時候一個人為不花錢得到的東西付出的代價最高。(美國科學家 愛因斯坦)
III. Students discuss whether they think these sayings are true.
Example: The most important thing to me is to be healthy. …(P. 7 ①)
IV. Listen (P. 7 ②) Tape script (Keys: 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D)
1 Mm, well, I’ve got a good job. I work very hard and I earn a good salary. I’ll be honest ? I like spending money, especially on clothes. Why not? I’ve earned it, haven’t I?
2 Well, I think people are obsessed with money ? They think money brings you happiness. But you don’t need money that much … I think the most important thing is to try to help other people. I mean people who really need help. I am in two charities. We collect money for children in poor countries …
3 I’ve been out of work for five years now. It’s very difficult to get a job at my age, you know. And I’ve had a lot of personal problems. I don’t like asking for money, but I have to. I think a lot of people don’t know how easy it is to get into my situation.
4 Personally, I think it’s important to give money to charity, especially to charities for children. I mean most of us have some extra money, don’t we? I’m not very rich, but I try to give as much money as I can.
V. Practise: (P. 7 ③)
VI. Key Words to learn:
1. earn vt. 掙得 to get money by working ；贏得，獲得
How much do you earn a week? 你一周賺多少錢?
He earns twice as much as I do. 他掙的錢是我掙的兩倍。
His achievements earned him respect and admiration. 他的成就贏得人們的尊敬和仰慕。
2. out of work 失業(yè) with no job that brings money
He has been out of work for a year. 他已經(jīng)失業(yè)一年了。
3. beg vi. 乞求；乞討 ask for food, money, etc. ；央告；懇求 ask for something with strong feeling
Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. [名校學案：P.4]
He begged for a favor. 他要求幫個忙。 / The criminal begged for mercy. 那個罪犯懇求饒恕。
She begged her father to forgive her. 她懇求她父親原諒她。
I beg you to pay attention. 我請你們注意聽課。
May I beg a cigarette from you? 給我一根香煙好嗎？
* I beg your pardon. 請原諒（用于做了錯事道歉時）please excuse me ；
Beg pardon, did I tread on your foot? 對不起，我踩你的腳了吧？
* I beg your pardon. 請你再說一遍（用于沒聽清）please repeat what you have just said
Beg pardon, I don’t catch the Chairman’s remark. 對不起請再說一遍，我沒聽清楚主席的話。
VII. Homework: Debating and writing
☆ Students look back at the list in Exercise1 and divide the values into ‘material’ (e.g. having a big car) and ‘non-material’ values, e.g. (having friends). Write these in two columns on the board and elicit more suggestions of material and non-material values to add to the columns. In groups, students choose three material values and three nonmaterial values that are important for everybody. The groups then exchange ideas, justifying their decisions. Then write an article to narrate(敘述) your own choice and the reason why you do so.
Lesson 1 A Material World
Teaching Aims:
To read a text to find out specific facts
To review and practice using countable and uncountable nouns and the use of determiners: all, none, both, neither, another, other.
to practice students’ expressing ability
Teaching difficulties:
To review and practice using countable and uncountable nouns and the use of determiners: all, none, both, neither, another, other.
Teaching Aids: computer
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up:
T: Would you like to be a millionaire? Why or why not
T: What can money buy?
T: Money can buy many things. Is money everything?
T: Ask students to guess the meaning, “Money talks(錢可通神。)”
T: Do you think so?
T: What can’t money buy?
1. Money can’t buy real friendship -- friendship must be earned.
金錢買不到真正的友誼 --- 友誼必須贏取。
2. Money can’t buy a clear conscience -- square dealing is the price tag.
金錢買不到清白的良心 --- 方正的行為是價格標簽。
3. Money can’t buy the glow of good health -- right living is the secret.
金錢買不到健康的容光 --- 正當?shù)纳钍敲卦E。
4. Money can’t buy happiness -- happiness is a mental attitude and one may be as happy in a cottage as in a mansion.
金錢買不到快樂 --- 快樂是一種心態(tài)，人住在茅屋可以像住在大廈一樣快樂。
5. Money can’t buy sunsets, singing birds and the music of the wind in the trees --- these are as free as the air we breathe.
金錢買不到日落、鳥禽與林中風聲的音樂 --- 這些都像我們所呼吸的空氣一樣是免費的。
6. Money can’t buy inward peace -- peace is the result of a constructive philosophy of life.
金錢買不到內(nèi)在的寧靜 --- 寧靜是積極的人生觀產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
7. Money can’t buy character --- character is what we are when we are alone with ourselves in the dark.
金錢買不到品德 --- 品德就是自我在暗地里獨處時的樣子。
T: Someone say “Money is the root of all evil.” Right?
T: Give the question “Who wants to be a Millionaire? I don’t” says Charles Gray.
Why does he say so?
II. Listening
T: Now listen to the cassette you will know why there are such people that don’t want to be a millionaire. Then ask the students to answer the question.
III. Reading: Do Exercise 2
i. Read the article. Decide if the statements below are true (T), false (F) or there is no information (NI)
ii. Read the text aloud then answer the questions
1. What was Charles’ life like in the past?
2. Why didn’t Charles want to be a rich man?
3. How did he deal with his money?
4 How about his life now?
5. How does he feel now? good or bad?
iii. Discussion: How do you treat the thing?
V. Language points and vocabulary:
1. determine vt. 決定；使決定,使下決心；判決,裁定[Y][+(that)] ；是……的決定因素
She determined to go that very afternoon. 她決定就在那天下午走。[名校學案：P.4]
My mom’s encouragement determined me to go on with my study. 我母親的鼓勵使我決心繼續(xù)學業(yè)。
He was determined to win（決心……）the game. 他決心要贏得那場比賽。
The court determined that the man was guilty of drunken driving. 法官判決那個人酒醉開車有罪。
They have determined where the new school will be built. 他們已確定新的學校將建造在什么地方。
Demand determines supply. 需求決定供給。
vi. 決定[(+on)] ；[律] 終止;判決
* determination n. 決心，決意 a man of ~ ; He showed great ~. his ~ to marry her
2. concern [~ oneself]（人）涉及[……],有關系[in, with]；涉及，關系到；使擔心；使關心[(+about/for)]
You’d better not concern yourself in such things. 你最好不要介入這種事。
I shall not concern myself with his affairs. 我不想介入他的事情。
The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關。
The boy’s poor health concerned his parents.那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。
He is concerned for her safety. 他擔心她的安全。
He was very concerned about her. 他對她非常關心。
* as concerns 關于（concerning） [名校學案：P.3]
* as / so far as …be concerned … 就……而言
As far as I am concerned, I cannot object to your marriage.
* To whom it may concern. 敬啟者
n. 關心的事，重要的事[C] ；擔心,掛念;關懷[U][C][(+about/for)]
That’s no concern of mine. 那不關我的事。
Andrew expressed his concern. 安德魯表示了他的關切。
I have no concern with / in the company. 我和該公司沒有任何關聯(lián)。
3. give away 贈送；分發(fā)make a present of ；（在歐美婚禮中）(新娘)交給新郎 ； 泄露，出賣
She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把錢都送給窮人了。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
give away medals at a sports meeting 在運動會上分發(fā)獎章
The bride was given away by her father. 在婚禮上,新娘由其父親交給新郎。
His accent gave him away as a northerner. 他的口音讓人聽出他是北方人。(… Don’t give me away)
He is a man who can give away friends for money. 他是一個能為錢出賣朋友的人。
4. aware 知道的,察覺的[F][(+of)][+that][+wh-] [名校學案：P.4]
She was not aware of having done wrong. 她沒有意識到做錯了事。
He was [became] aware of the danger. 他知道（注意到）危險。
I was aware of what he was aiming at. 我知道他在打什么主意（他的意圖是什么我一清二楚）。
I am well aware that this is a tough job. 我深知這是一件棘手的工作。
5. drop out 脫離 ，退出，不再參加；掉落 ；退學
Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour. 很幸運的,在交易變壞前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out. 我的一只牙齒掉了。
She dropped out of school to become a waitress. 她退學去當女招待。
6. drunk adj. 醉
He was drunk at the end of the party. 宴會結(jié)束時他喝醉了。
There were many drunk men in the streets. 街上有許多醉漢。
* drunken a. 酒醉的；常醉的,常酗酒的； 酒醉引起的；(喝醉般)東倒西歪的
a drunken sailor 喝醉的水手 drunken driving 酒醉后開車 a drunken sleep 喝醉后的睡眠
7. greedy a. 貪食的；貪吃的 ； 貪婪的[(+for/of)] ； 渴望的;(興趣等)強烈的[(+for)][+to-v]
Don’t be so greedy --- leave some of the food for the rest of us. 別這么貪吃--留些食品給……
The dictator was greedy for power. 那個獨裁者貪圖權(quán)力。 She is greedy for success. 她渴望成功。
* greed n. 貪心；貪婪[U][(+for)]
His greed for money was his ruin. 他對金錢的貪得無厭是他毀滅的原因。 greed for money 貪財
8. resolution n. 決意，決心 (之事)
good resolutions 改邪歸正的決心 one’s New Year’s resolution(s) 新年的決心
He made a resolution never to repeat the act. 他決心不再采取那種行動。
a man of great resolution 很有果斷力的人 act with resolution 行動果斷
He failed to get promoted for lack of resolution. 他因缺乏果斷力而未能得到提升。
9. rude adj. 粗野的；粗魯?shù)�；無禮的 impolite; lacking courtesy；沒有文化的；未加工的，天然的
He spoke in a rude tone. 他用粗魯?shù)穆曇糁v話。 Don’t be rude to your teacher. 不要對老師無禮貌。
He comes from a rude country background. 他出生在沒有文化的農(nóng)村。
They are buying rude cotton. 他們正在收購原棉。
10. turn one’s back(s) on 不理睬 拒絕
Did you really turn your back on his invitation? 你真的拒絕了他的邀請嗎？
turn one’s back to 轉(zhuǎn)身
The teacher turned his back to his students and found a boy making face.
11. feel like 想要
I was so angry that I felt like throwing something at him. 我很生氣，以至于想用什么東西砸他。
I feel like going to bed, I’m tired. 我想上床休息，我累了。
VI. Grammar: Do the exercises 5, 6, 7 (P. 9 )
Best choice to consolidate the grammar
I don’t think we’ve met before. You ‘re taking me for ______
A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other
2. We’ve been looking at house but haven’t found ____we like yet.
A. one B. ones C. it D. them
3. We ask John and Jerry, but ___of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.
A. either B. none C. both D. neither
4. Playing tricks on others is ____we should never do.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
5. She doesn’t know anyone here, She has got ____to talk to.
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
6. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will______.
A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else
7. There’s ____cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner and get ____?
A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any
8. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ____ for the poor.
A. more B. much C. many D. most
9. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about_____?
A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest
10. --What kind of food would you like to eat? -- ____ but Japanese. --How about Korean, then?
A. Anything B. Something C. Everything D. Nothing
Answers: A A D B D B A A D A
VII. Homework: Imagine what was in Charles Gray’s previous home and is in his caravan, using the vocation above to help you.
Lesson 2 The Right Price
Teaching Aims:
To practice intensive listening skills.
To practice the language of shopping and bargaining.
To recognize and practice the polite rise in intonation.
Teaching difficulties: To practice the language of shopping and bargaining.
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up: Discuss the problem of price and bargain.
1. How much pocket money do you get each month?
2. What things do you like to spend money on?
3. Generally speaking, do you think the prices marked on the goods are reasonable?
4. Can you judge the value of daily goods?
5. Do you often regret having bought something for price?
6. Are you good at bargaining?
7. How do you reduce the price? What do you say?
II. Listening
Do Exercise 4. Listen to an interview about where you can bargain. (P. 10 )
Do Exercise 5. Listen to part. Maybe you can learn some strategies of bargains. (P. 10 )
Do Exercise 6. ( We can bargain in the market in Chinese freely. If one day you go abroad do you know how to bargain? Listen to the cassette, and you will learn how to bargain in English. ) (P. 11 )
Do Exercise 7. ( Intonation can express one’s good manners. Being polite is very important in communication especially in business. Listen to the first part of the dialogue again. The underlined expressions have a rising intonation. This sounds polite. ) (P. 11 )
III. Speaking: Make up a new dialogue about buying (P. 11 ⑨)
IV. Discussion: Is the customer always right? (P. 11 Quote … Unquote )
V. Key Words to learn:
1. bargain n.[C] 協(xié)議[(+with)][+that] ；買賣,交易 ； 特價商品，便宜貨 [名校學案：P. 4]
Clement made a satisfactory bargain with him. 克萊門特和他作了一次滿意的交易。
These toys are a real bargain at such low prices. 這些玩具的價格這么便宜,真劃得來。
It’s [That’s] a bargain. 就這樣 [那樣] 說定。
A bargain’s a bargain. ((諺))契約終是契約 (說定了就得遵守) 。
* vi. 討價還價[(+with/over/about)] ；達成協(xié)議 ；
She bargained with the fishmonger over the price. 她與魚販講價錢。
They bargained on a two-year term. 他們講定以兩年為期。
* vt. 討價還價后賣掉 ； 經(jīng)談判后使得[O] ； 提出……條件[+that] ； 保證[+that]
They finally bargained out the obstacles to an agreement. 他們通過談判終于排除了達成協(xié)議的障礙。
The trade union bargained that its members should have another week’s holiday. 工會提出……的要求。
I bargain that the job will be done in three days. 我保證這一工作在三天內(nèi)完成。
2. product n.[C] 產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物；產(chǎn)量；出產(chǎn)； 結(jié)果，成果 [名校學案：P.4]
They came here in search of new markets for their products. 他們來此為他們的產(chǎn)品尋找新市場。
The plan was the product of many days of careful thought. 這個計劃是許多天仔細考慮的成果。
3. enthusiastic 熱情的；熱烈的；熱心的[(+about/over/at)] [名校學案：P.5]
David is very enthusiastic about the plan. 戴維對該項計劃十分熱心。
They are enthusiastic admirers of that movie star. 他們是那位電影明星的狂熱崇拜者。
My parents are enthusiastic skiers. 我的父母是滑雪迷。
4. ashamed 羞愧的,感到難為情的[(+of)][+to-v][+that]；恥于……的，因難為情而不愿……的[+to-v]
She was ashamed of having failed in the examination. 她因考試不及格而感到羞愧。
I am ashamed for you. 我替你感到羞愧。
She was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him. 她羞于告訴任何人……
I am ashamed to ask for help. 我不好意思請人幫忙。 [名校學案：P.5]
* shame n. 慚愧；羞恥之心；恥辱：遺憾的事
She felt great shame at having failed the exam. 她考試不及格,感到極其羞愧。
He is a man who has no shame. 他是個毫無羞恥心的人。
What he did brought shame on his family. 他干的事使他的家庭蒙受了恥辱。
It’s a shame I haven’t heard from you for years. 真遺憾,我多年沒有收到你的信了。
5. firm adj. 穩(wěn)固的；牢固的；結(jié)實的 ； 堅定的，堅決的；堅挺的
I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on. 我覺得這椅子不夠穩(wěn)固,不能站人。
My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold baths. 我的兄弟堅信洗冷水澡有益健康。
* ad. 穩(wěn)固地;牢固地
She holds firm to her belief in God. 她堅信上帝的存在。
If we stand firm, I firmly believe we shall succeed. 如果我們堅定不移，我堅信我們會成功。
6. clothing (總稱)衣服,衣著[J]
The staff at this hotel wear uniform clothing. 這家飯店的員工穿統(tǒng)一的制服。
Our clothing protects us from the cold. 衣服幫我們御寒。
a wolf in sheep’s clothing 披著羊皮的狼 an article of 一件衣物
7. annoy v. 惹惱,使生氣;使煩惱[(+by/at/with)] ；打攪，困擾 [名校學案：P.5]
His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors. 他母親因為他……而生他的氣。
These flies are annoying me. 這些蒼蠅一直在打攪我。
8. comment n.[C][U] 注釋，評注[(+on/about)]； 批評，意見，評論[(+on/about)] [名校學案：P.5]
He made no comments on our proposal. 他對我們的建議沒有作評論。
His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment. 他在社交聚會上的表現(xiàn)引起許多閑話。
* vi. 做注解,做評注[(+on/upon)] ；發(fā)表意見,評論[(+on/upon)]
He did not comment on what I said. 他對我的話未作評論。
* vt. 注釋，解釋；評論[Y][+(that)]
He commented that it was an excellent film. 他評論這電影很精彩。
He commented that her acting was superb. 他評論說,她的演技精湛。
Lesson 3 Your money
Teaching Aims:
To predict the content of the text using the title and the picture
To make student realize the importance of protecting the environment and 5yuan’s use.
To practise using the infinitives
Teaching difficulties: To practise using the infinitives
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
T: How much pocket money do you get each money?
T: What things do you like to spend money on?
T: You can spend your money more meaningful, you can save ￥5 to buy a trees to protect the environment and save our mother river.
T: What can prevent from soil erosion?
T: Your 5 yuan can have so much effect. Now read the text.
II. Reading
T: Your 5 yuan can have so much effect?
S: Yes, All this started with 5 yuan.
Do the exercise. (True, False, No Information)
1. With the money of selling trees , farmer can buy goods or services.
2. Fugu County has become into a green paradise.
3. Now government has taken measures to make everyone buy a young tree with 5 yuan.
4. Five yuan is too little you can give more money to plant more trees.
5. Planting more trees reduces soil erosion and makes soil fertile.
Answers: 1. F 2.F 3.NI 4.F 5.T
III. Listening: main idea of each paragraph
Para1. The removal of sand is the main cause of Yellow River erosion.
Para2. It is a massive job to control Yellow River erosion.
Para3. Everybody plays an important role in stopping Yellow River erosion.
Para4. A success of a tree-planting programme in Inner Mongolia.
Para5. You can use 5 yuan to buy a tree and create a green future.
IV. Read aloud and answer the questions:
1. Which river is being talked about in the text?
2. What’s the problem with the Yellow River?
3. In which area has soil erosion almost destroyed farming land?
4. Is it a massive job to control Yellow River erosion?
5. Who has the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion? The government, international organizations or every one of us?
6. Which example is given to show that 5 yuan can help to rebuild a local economy?
Answers: 1. the Yellow River 2. soil erosion 3. Fugu County in Shanxi Province 4.Yes 5. every one of us 6. Jiuchengong Valley
V. Language points and vocabulary:
1. appeal vi. 呼吁，懇求[(+to/for)][+to-v] ；求助[(+to)] ；有吸引力；迎合愛好[W][(+to)]
He appealed to me for help. 他向我求援。 He appealed to his friends for support. 他請求朋友支持。
We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information. 我們將求助于多種資料來源。
The idea appealed to（使喜歡，吸引）Mary. 這主意正合瑪麗的心意。
* 【律】上訴[(+to/against)] [名校學案：P.5]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 他對被判五年徒刑提出上訴。
* vt. 【美】將……上訴，對……上訴
He appealed his case to a higher court. 他向上一級法院申訴。
* n. 呼吁，請求[C][U][(+to/for)] ；吸引力，感染力[U]
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him. 他最后一次懇求父親寬恕他。
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students. 對多數(shù)學生來說,這些學科已經(jīng)失去了吸引力。
2. contain vt. 包含；容納 to have something inside; to hold ；相當于； 控制，遏制
Does this box contain biscuits? 這個盒子里有餅干嗎？ How much will this bottle contain?
The case contains my clothes. 箱子里裝有我的衣服。
The jar contains ten glasses of water. 這只大口瓶能裝十杯水。
The pill contains vitamins. 這藥丸中含有多種維生素。
A gallon contains four quarts. 一加侖相當于四夸脫。
He could not contain himself for anger. 他不能控制自己的怒氣。
I couldn’t contain myself for joy. 我喜不自禁。
I could not contain my laughter. 我無法控制自己不笑出聲來。 [名校學案：P.5]
3. balance n. 平衡；均衡[U][S] ；天平，秤[C] ；結(jié)存；結(jié)余[C]
I lost my balance and fell. 我身體失去平衡,摔了一跤。
Will you weigh it in the balance? 你用天平稱一稱好嗎？
In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store?
實驗室的天平與商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?
The balance on your account is US$5. 你的帳戶上余額為五美金。
the balance of nature 生態(tài)平衡 destroy the balance 破壞平衡
4. remove vt. 移動，搬開；調(diào)動[(+from/to)]；脫掉；去掉，消除[(+from)]；把……免職；撤去[(+from)]
Students removed several desks to another classroom. 學生們把幾張書桌搬到另外一間教室。
She removed the painting to another wall. 她把畫搬到另一面墻上。
She saw he had removed his glasses. 她看到他摘下了他的眼鏡。
He was removed from the post. 他被解雇了。
The corrupt official was removed from office. 這個貪官被罷了職。
5. puzzle n. 問題；難懂的事 problem; something that is difficult to understand ；謎[名校學案：P.5]
His wife has disappeared; it’s a puzzle. 他的妻子失蹤了，這是件難于理解的事情。
It is a puzzle to me how he could come here. 我不知他是怎么到這里來的。
He has found out the puzzle. 他已猜中這條謎語了。
jigsaw puzzle拼板玩具；測驗智力的玩具；picture in many small parts that you must put together
* v. 困惑；苦思 make you think a lot because you do not understand it
I am puzzled by the difficult question. 我被難題難住了。 It’s all very puzzling. 這都很使人莫名其妙。
This mystery puzzles me. 這件神秘事情使我百思不解。That’s what puzzled us.
6. behave vi. 表現(xiàn)，行為舉止[Q] vt. （后接oneself）使檢點，使守規(guī)矩
The young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger. 那位年輕女士面對危險表現(xiàn)得十分勇敢。
Behave yourself! 規(guī)矩點!
7. advance v. 前進；進展to move forward; to come forward；增加；提高（物價）increase; raise (prices)
Our troops have advanced 2 miles. 我們的軍隊前進了兩英里。 [名校學案：P.5]
The troops advanced rapidly. 軍隊迅速向前推進。
Prices have never advanced. 物價從未上漲。
It is a great force to advance all kinds of work. 那是一個推動各項工作的巨大動力。
He worked so well that he was soon advanced to the position of secretary. ……不久被提升為秘書。
* n. 前進；進展 a forward movement; progress ； n. 漲價 a rise in price
The army has made an advance. 部隊已取得進展。
This invention is a great advance. 該發(fā)明是一巨大進步。There is an advance in wheat. 小麥漲價了。
* advanced a. 在前面的；先進的，開明的；高級的，高等的；年邁的
advanced position 一處前沿陣地
Ancient Greece was an advanced civilization. 古希臘是個先進的文明國家。
My younger sister studied advanced math. 我妹妹學過高等數(shù)學。
His grandfather died at an advanced age of 98. 他祖父在九十八歲高齡時去世。
VI. Grammar: To practise using the Infinitives
VII. Speaking: Voice your opinion
Talk about the local environment you live in. What can you and your friends do to improve it?
VIII. Do the exercise Vocabulary Practice
IX. Homework: Do you have a plan for the use of your pocket money? Write about what you do with the money.
Lesson 4 Advertisements
Objectives
To read a text and distinguish fact from opinion.
To use -ed and -ing adjectives.
To use linking words: also, either, plus, too.
I. Reading: What’s the price of the product? (fill in the table)
name of the product price of the product
(1) walkabout headphones ￡80. 45
(2) micro camera ￡199.99
(3) earplug earrings ￡19.50
(4) feline floor cleaners ￡5.99
Now read the advertisements again and find some “opinions” and “facts” in each ad.
Product Opinions Facts
Micro Camera amazing, new,
convenient,
reliable, automatic,
attractive,
strong 1. no bigger than a credit card
2. easy to use
3. has an automatic focus and flash
4. made from titanium
Walkabout Headphones fantastic, exciting,
new, Excellent, 1. have no wires or cables
2. signals go through glass or wooden doors and walls
3. excellent value at: 80.45
Earplug Earrings attractive, useful 1. gold earrings
2. used in many different situations
3. a bargain at 19.50
Feline Floor Cleaners perfect, practical,
easy, cheap 1. made from good quality nylon
2. easy to wash
3. complete set for only 5.99
II. Post-Reading
☆ also, either, plus, too
also 意思是也，是比too較為正式的用語，通常用于肯定句中，一般靠近動詞。
例如 He also asked to go．他也要求去。
too 意思也是也，是最普通的用語，常與also通用，但不如also正式，在口語中它用得更多。too通常放于句末，但有時為了不致引起含糊不清的感覺，把它緊放在所修飾的詞之后。它也通常用于肯定句中。例如：
I, too, have been to Paris．我也去過巴黎。（這里明確表示人家去過巴黎，我也去過。而不是除了去過某地以外，還去過巴黎。）
either 意思也是也。它用于否定句中，而且要放在句末。
例如： If you do not go，I shall not either．倘若你不去，我也不去。
plus prep. 加上
This work requires intelligence plus experience.
這項工作需要才智和經(jīng)驗。
☆ Exercises
Examples
Pocket calculators are small and convenient. They are useful for homework, too.
① pocket calculators-small and convenient-useful for homework (too)
② electric toothbrushes-expensive-not very practical (either)
③ mobile phones- small and useful- cheaper than before (plus)
④ laptop computers- very expensive- not very reliable (either)
⑤ radio alarm clock- useful to get up in the morning- very cheap (too)
Answers
①Pocket calculators are small and convenient. They are useful for homework, too.
② Electric toothbrushes are expensive. They are also not very practical.
③ Mobile phones are small and useful. Plus they are cheaper than before.
④ Laptop computers are very expensive. They are not very reliable either.
⑤ Radio alarm clocks are useful to get up in the morning. They are very cheap, too.
☆ Complete the table with adjectives from the advertisements.
“-ed” adjectives Interested
“-ing” adjectives Amazing
Answers
-ed : advanced tired bored satisfied worried
-ing : relaxing exciting tiring boring
ing 形式和ed 形式在意義上是有區(qū)別的
ed式的則通常表示已發(fā)生的或已結(jié)束的動作，ing則表示正在發(fā)生的
如：boiled water開過了的水，白開水。
boiling water沸水
fallen leaves已落在地上的葉子
falling leaves正在下落的葉子
當然也有意義上的區(qū)別，在一些特定的詞語上，如interesting和interested，exciting和excited這類詞，ed就表示個人的感情而ing則表示物體的性質(zhì)
如：interesting game好玩的游戲，ing表示游戲的性質(zhì)--好玩
excited boy 興奮的男孩，ed表示男孩的感情
☆ Complete the sentences with the correct alternative.
① I find shopping very (bored/ boring). I get very (bored/ boring) in supermarkets.
② I get (tired/ tiring) when I have a lot of homework. For me, math is very (tired/ tiring).
③ I am (interested/ interesting) in photography. I think black and white photos are more (interested/ interesting).
④ I don’t find football very (excited/ exciting). I only get (excited/ exciting) when I watch the World Cup.
⑤ The president said in the news that he was very (pleasing/pleased) with the country’s economic progress, but I found some of what he said very (worried/ worrying).
⑥ There was a really (excited/ exciting) basketball game in the stadium. However, I was a bit (disappointing/ disappointed) that my team lost, though!
Answers
① boring/bored ② tired/tiring ③ interested/interesting ④ exciting/excited
⑤pleased/worrying ⑥exciting/disappointed
III. Speaking
☆ Work in groups. One person chooses something from the list below or any other products. The others have five Yes/No questions to find out what it is.
Example
A: Do you wear it?
B: No.
C: Is it expensive?
B: Yes, it is.
IV. Writing
Take out a gadget, then try to describe it. Think out of the disadvantages and advantages of it and write them down.
V. Language points and vocabulary:
1. practical adj. 實踐的,實際的；實用的 ；講究實際的；可實施的
Practical experience is often very important. 實踐經(jīng)驗往往是很重要的。
Your invention is very practical. 你的發(fā)明很實用。
She was a simple, practical, hardworking woman. 她簡樸,實際,勤奮。
He gave sound and practical advice. 他提出了很好的,實際可行的建議。
2. bath n.
I am going to take a bath. 我打算洗個澡。 The bath is too hot. 洗澡水太燙了。
3. signal n.
A red lamp is used as a danger signal. 紅燈用作危險信號。
The train must stop when the signal’s red. 信號機是紅色時,火車必須停駛。
4. focus vt. 使聚焦[(+on)]，調(diào)節(jié)(鏡頭等)的焦距[(+on)] ； 集中[(+on)] [名校學案：P.5]
You can focus your telescope on that distant television tower. 你可以對著……調(diào)節(jié)望遠鏡的鏡頭。
He focused the camera and took a photo. 他對好焦距，照了一張相。
When studying, he focused his mind on his lessons. 讀書時，他集中心思于功課上。
I can’t focus my thoughts today. 今天我的思想集中不起來。
* n. 焦點，焦距；中心，集中點，重點[the S][(+of)]
The focus of this chapter is the American Revolution. 本章的重點是講美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭。
She always wants to be the focus of attention. 她老想成為人們注意的中心。
5. flash vi. 飛馳，掠過 come and go suddenly；閃光，閃亮send out a sudden light；
The cars flashed by. 小汽車飛馳而過。 An aeroplane flashed across the sky. 一架飛機在空中掠過。
The idea flashed through his mind. 他腦子里內(nèi)過一個念頭。
Her eyes flashed fire. 她的眼睛閃現(xiàn)著熱情。
A lighthouse was flashing in the distance. 燈塔在遠處閃光。
A little light flashed on the wall. 墻上的一個小燈亮了。
* vt. 突然而短促地發(fā)出（光或火）
He flashed the light in her eyes. 他用光對著她的眼睛突然一照。
Her eyes flashed fire. 她的眼睛閃現(xiàn)著熱情。
* n. 閃光 very sudden, quick, bright light
A flash of lightning is electricity jumping. 電光一閃是跳線。
A flash of lightning hit the tree. 雷電打在樹上。
a flash in the pan 曇花一現(xiàn) a flash of hope 一絲希望
* in a flash 剎那間 I saw it in a flash. 我在一剎那間看見了它。
6. electric adj. 電的；導電的；發(fā)電的；用電的；電動的worked by electricity；極其強烈的
an electric bell 電鈴 an electric chair 電椅 an electric clock 電鐘
an electric current 電流 an electric fan 電扇 an electric generator 發(fā)電機
an electric heater 電熱器 an electric iron 電熨斗 an electric lamp 一盞電燈
an electric torch （手）電筒 electric waves 電波 an electric stove 電爐
electric light 電燈光，電燈 a toy electric motor 一臺玩具電動機
The child likes electric toys. 這孩子喜歡電動玩具。
Some electric wells have been built. 已打了幾眼機井。
I got an electric shock from the wire. 我被這根電線電擊了一下。
His speech had an electric effect on the audience. 他的演講令觀眾震驚不已。 [名校學案：P.6]
* electrical adj. 與電有關的，電氣科學的 concerning electricity
He is an electrical engineer. 他是個電氣工程師。
Communication Workshop
1. contact n. 交往; 聯(lián)絡,聯(lián)系[with]
a point of contact = a contact point 接觸點，觸點
be in [out of] contact with … 與……有[沒有]接觸[聯(lián)絡,交往]
come in [into] contact with … 與……接觸[聯(lián)系]； 碰見
stay [keep] in contact with … 與……保持聯(lián)系
lose contact with … 與……失去聯(lián)絡
make contact with … 與……聯(lián)絡
I don’t usually have much personal contact with him. 我平常很少與他有私人上的往來。
* vt. 與……接觸;與……聯(lián)系
I will contact him by telephone. 我將打電話和他聯(lián)系。
Contact the police immediately. 立刻與警方連絡。
2. replace vt. 放回原處； put something back in its place again； 替換；取代；輪換put one thing in place of another thing [名校學案：P.6]
Let’s replace the things exactly as they were before. 讓咱們把這些東西放回原處。
She replaced the receiver. 她將聽筒放了回去。
The brakes have to be replaced. 剎車需要更換。
Electric lights have replaced candles. 電燈已經(jīng)取代了蠟燭。
More new machines will be installed to replace the old ones. 將安裝更多新機器來代替舊機器。
Lao Yang was elected to replace Lao Zhu in the committee. 老楊當選為委員，來代替老朱。
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