[直擊考綱]

1、考查貫穿各個(gè)高考各中題型。

2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和句法功能。

[熱點(diǎn)綜觀]

1、知識(shí)圖譜

時(shí)態(tài) 不定式

主動(dòng)/被動(dòng) 動(dòng)名詞

主動(dòng)/被動(dòng) 現(xiàn)在分詞

主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)

一般時(shí) to do / to be done doing / being done doing / being done

完成時(shí) to have done /

to have been done having done / having been done having done / having been done

進(jìn)行時(shí) to be doing

完成進(jìn) 行 to have been doing

2、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

① 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式中not前置與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

② 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在固定搭配中的使用。

③ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)在語(yǔ)境中的使用。

④ 動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

⑤ 不定式中to的省略。

⑥ 不定式和動(dòng)名詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)時(shí)含義上的區(qū)別。

⑦ 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

⑧ 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用。

3、熱點(diǎn)冷點(diǎn)

① 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作不同句子成分的用法，尋找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)來(lái)確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。

② 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在特定動(dòng)詞后面、詞組中的搭配使用，尤其是用不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。

③ 狀語(yǔ)從句省略為連詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。

④ 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的形式、懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)考查不多，應(yīng)適當(dāng)注意

[經(jīng)典與原創(chuàng)]

[例1] （2005江西高考）

_____ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.

A. Having given hope of cure

B. With no hope for cure

C. There being hope for cure

D. In the hope of cure

[互動(dòng)] 本題考查根據(jù)句意正確選擇狀語(yǔ)。從后半句“病人尋求醫(yī)生的幫助來(lái)結(jié)束生命”說(shuō)明其原因是“沒(méi)有治愈的希望”，由此判斷A、C、D意思都不合題意，只有B表示否定“沒(méi)有希望”，符合題意。

[答案]B

[小結(jié)]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查往往考查結(jié)構(gòu)，但也要注意句子前后的意思是否相符。

[例2] What is the way George thought of _____ enough money to buy the computer?

A. to get B. getting C. having got D. being got

[互動(dòng)]考查學(xué)生突破定向思維的能力的同時(shí)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。解本題的關(guān)鍵在于要看出題干中的“非直接相鄰”現(xiàn)象，不能看到of就認(rèn)為后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)名詞，而要意識(shí)到George thought of是the way的第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)是個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式，被George thought of隔開(kāi)了，應(yīng)該是“George想到的得到足夠的錢買電腦的辦法”。

[答案]A

[小結(jié)] 出題者有意把兩個(gè)看似完全不相干的詞放在一起作為選項(xiàng)，或者讓題干中的詞與選項(xiàng)中的詞的搭配看上去完全不相干，有時(shí)出題人把賓語(yǔ)提前，使謂語(yǔ)與其他成分相連，這種情況在測(cè)試題中比較常見(jiàn)，解這些題目要打破定向思維。

[高考面對(duì)面]

1. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____ whether he was going in the right direction.

A. seeing B. having seen

C. to have seen D. to see

2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____ in a year.（2005湖南高考）

A. follows B. followed

C. to follow D. being followed

3. ---- You should have thanked her before you left.

---- I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.

A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to

4. When we got back home, I saw a message pinned to the door _____ “Sorry to miss you. I’ll call late.”

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

5. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled B. settling

C. to settle D. being settled

6. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.

A. are bought B. bought

C. been bought D. buying

7. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well _____.（2005湖北高考）

A. to spend B. spent

C. being spent D. spending

8. With his money _____, he couldn’t go home.

A. leaving B. missed

C. running out D. run out

9. He hurried to the hospital ____ his breakfast ____.

A. left; unfinished B. leaving; unfinished

C. leaving; unfinished D. left; unfinishing

10. _____ the children the way she does, Sue should become a teacher.

A. Liking B. Liked C. Like D. To like

11. Finding her car stolen, _____.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman

12. _____ here in time, they came _____ all the way.

A. Getting; running B. To get; running

C. To get; to run D. Getting; to run

13. At the end of 2002, there were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 2 percent of national total.

A. made B. to make C. making D. having made

14. The doctor examined him carefully, only _____ his illness was serious.

A. find B. to find C. finding D. found

15. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun.（2005重慶高考）

A. had B. have C. to have D. having

16. To get a better view of the stage, _____.

A. our seats had to be changed

B. our seats were changed

C. we had to change our seats

D. we have to changed our seat

17. ---- What should I do with this passage?

---- _____ the main idea of each paragraph.（2005重慶高考）

A. Finding out B. Found out

C. Find out D. To find out

18. ---- Do you have anything more _____, sir?

---- No. You can have a rest or do something else.

A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type

19. He let me repeat his instruction _____ sure that I understood what was _____ after he went away.

A. to make; to be done B. making; doing

C. to make; to do D. making; to do

20. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had _____ him to stop smoking.

A. persuading B. promising C. making D. having

21. _____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

A. The president will attend

B. The president to attend

C. The president attended

D. The president’s attending

22. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.

A. not make B. not to make

C. not making D. do not make

23. When _____ help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s very kind of you”.（2005福建高考）

A. offering B. to offer

C. to be offered D. offered

24. I found the German language hard _____.

A. to learn B. to be learned

C. learning D. learned

25. He glanced over at her, _____ that though she was thin, she seemed very well put together.（2005廣東高考）

A. noting B. noted

C. to note D. having noted

26. It had no other effect except _____ him all the anxieties.

A. make B. making C. to make D. made

27. ---- Can the project be finished as planned?

---- Sure, _____ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.（2005福建高考）

A. having got B. to get

C. getting D. get

28. ---- Why haven’t you bought any butter?

---- I _____ to but I forgot all about it.

A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected.

29. He was reading a very interesting story, completely _____ to the outside world.

A. losing B. being lost

C. to be lost D. lost

30. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help.（2005北京高考）

A. To have had B. Having had

C. Have D. Having

31. The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not _____ you.

A. invite B. to invite

B. inviting D. to have invited

32. ---- Li Ming is said _____ abroad. Do you know what country he is in?

---- Yes, in Britain.

A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying

C. to have been studied

33. _____ here at the top of the mountain with no one else near you must be very lonely.

A. Live B. Living C. To live D. To be living

34. Wenhui Daily, a local newspaper in Hongkong, _____ on April 2nd that the famous singer and actor Zhang Guorong killed himself the day before.

A. writing B. wrote C. saying D. said

35. The military actions against Iraq, _____ despite opposition from most countries and people across the world, broke the international law.

A. turned out B. carried out

C. coming out D. taking out

36. The water tower _____ now near the broadcasting station is _____ soon.

A. to be put up; completed

B. being put up; to be completed

C. to be put up; being completed

D. being put up; being completed

37. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not _____.（2005北京高考）

A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave

C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave

38. I carefully poured the liquid into the water, my classmates _____ anxiously beside me to see what would happen.

A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing

39. Mr. Smith flew to New York this morning, his assistant ______ him there this Saturday.

A. joining B. to join

C. will join D. wants to join

40. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.

A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring

C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring

41. _____ around Tian’anmen Square, the tourists were taken to visit the Palace Museum.

A. Showing B. Having shown

C. Being shown D. Having been shown

42. Unfortunately he fell over some bricks _____ lying on the ground.

A. left B. having left C. leaving D. to leave

43. They were not yet aware of the hopelessness of their situation, _____ the lack of fresh water on the lifeboat.

A. giving B. given C. to give D. being given

44. ____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. （2005北京春招）

A. To face B. Having faced

C. Faced D. Facing

45. ---- Shall we discuss the problem at the meeting today?

---- We’d better not. _____, the problem isn’t so burning. What’s more, the manager won’t be back until tomorrow.

A. Begun with B. Beginning with

C. To begin with D. Being begun with

46. The world Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _____ a 15-year wait.

A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends

47. The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life _____ an ugly-looking goat tied to a tree in a field nearby.

A. is B. being C. was D. be

48. It was _____ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.

A. to have played B. playing

C. played D. having played

49. _____ on a park bench and _____ the brightly colored leaves _____ gently to the ground, he felt at peace with the world.

A. Sitting; watching; fall B. To sit; watch; falling

C. Sitting; watching; to fall

D. To sit; watching; falling

50. ---- What do you think made the girl so glad?

---- _____ a beautiful necklace.

A. As she received B. Receiving

C. Received D. Because of receiving

51. What do you think _____ to make himself _____?

A. Bob will say; believe B. will Bob say; believe

C. Bob will say; believed D. will Bob say; believe

52. How many of us _____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?

A. attended B. to attended C. attending

D. have attended

53. A new garden, _____ near our school, will be under construction soon.

A. said to have been built B. said to be built

C. said to be building D. said to build

54. With the weather conditions _____, they flew to London immediately.

A. considered B. considering

C. to consider D. to be considered

55. _____ Sunday, rather than _____ at home, I preferred _____.

A. It being; stay; to travel

B. Being; to stay; to travel

C. Having been; stay; travel

D. It was; to stay; traveling

56. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan points out that, _____, the situation will get worse and worse in the Middle East.

A. if not dealing with properly

B. if not properly dealt with

C. unless dealing with properly

D. until properly dealt with

57. I am sorry. I can’t help ______ the floor of the waiting room.

A. swept B. sweeping C. to sweep D. to sweeping

[高考猜想]

58. People in developed countries are supposed _____ more healthy food before than they have today.

A. to be having B. to have C. having

D. to have had

專題10 單項(xiàng)填空 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1-5. DCBDC 6-10. BBCBA 11-15. DBCBA 16-20. CDBAA 21-25. DBAAA 26-30. CBCDC

31-35. DCBDB 36-40. BABBC 41-45. DBBCC 46-50. CBBAB 51-55. CCBAA 56-58. BCD

1. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在固定句型中的使用。as if后面可直接跟不定式，但不能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，而動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去完成了的動(dòng)作，不合本題意，因此也可排除。as if = as though“好象”，后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可根據(jù)具體情況使用陳述語(yǔ)氣或虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

2. 此題考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析，還要理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。that前是個(gè)主句，that引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞是a site，在定語(yǔ)從句中many people think是插入語(yǔ)，空格處是謂語(yǔ)部分。插入語(yǔ)經(jīng)常被出題人放在題目中，使句子復(fù)雜化，增加句子的難度，做題時(shí)可以把插入語(yǔ)去掉，便于理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

3. 本題在考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的同時(shí)，考查mean的用法。mean后面既可以跟動(dòng)名詞也可以跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)。mean to do表示“打算做某事”，而mean doing“意味著（做）某事”，還要注意meant過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去的打算或有意的行為，肯定式表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃或打算，而否定式表示過(guò)去并非有意要做的事情。本題意思是“我想跟她道謝來(lái)著，但走的時(shí)候沒(méi)找到她”，簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí)，不定式后的動(dòng)詞可省。mean還有“卑鄙的；吝嗇的”之意，是閱讀中常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)詞，如：a mean trick（卑劣的把戲）。

4. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的用法。表示文字材料上“寫(xiě)著…”或儀表儀器上面的“讀數(shù)是…”，常用read或say，是及物動(dòng)詞。在本題中reading做message的后置定語(yǔ)，中間的pinned to the door是saw復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓補(bǔ)。pin to“釘在…上”，用介詞to，類似的有tie to, fasten to“系在…上；拴在…上”

5. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。with后面跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)a lot of difficult problems與賓補(bǔ)settle之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定式的主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。本句意思是“有許多難題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過(guò)”。如用with a lot of difficult problems settled則表示“許多問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決”。

6. 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。分析句子可見(jiàn)已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞can be，因此排除A，然后應(yīng)該知道是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做后置定語(yǔ)，看被修飾的詞daily goods與動(dòng)詞buy之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此排除D，因?yàn)檫^(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)本身已表示被動(dòng)，因此不再需要被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，故再排除C。

7. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其邏輯主語(yǔ)。分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與句子的主語(yǔ)是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，除非是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句中分詞putting的邏輯主語(yǔ)是Nancy。put away“收拾好；把收起來(lái)”，give away“贈(zèng)送”。

8. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。with后面接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，本題中應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，因?yàn)閔is money與run out之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，run out“用完；耗盡”。表示“用盡；用完”的還有g(shù)ive out，無(wú)被動(dòng)，如：Both my strength and money gave out.

9. 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hurried，且后面沒(méi)有其它連詞，故不能有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此left不可能是過(guò)去時(shí)，而應(yīng)該是過(guò)去分詞，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。其次還考查了leave+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)，unfinish與break之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。

10. 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)的情況。從句意可知“Sue如此喜歡小孩子，她應(yīng)該成為一名教師”，首先排除C，動(dòng)詞原形不能做狀語(yǔ)，再排除D，因?yàn)椤白鼋處煛辈皇菫榱恕跋矚g孩子”，而不定式做狀語(yǔ)常表示目的，最后排除B，因?yàn)閘ike與句子的主語(yǔ)Sue之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，不能用過(guò)去分詞。

11. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要注意其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，否則就是個(gè)錯(cuò)句。題干中的狀語(yǔ)Finding的邏輯主語(yǔ)是車主she，因此完全可以一下子排除A、B、C。

12. 考查不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的不同含義。“他們一路奔跑，為的是及時(shí)趕到這里”，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

13. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知逗號(hào)后面應(yīng)該是個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，因此排除D，再看make與foreign printing companies之間是主謂關(guān)系，make當(dāng)然用主動(dòng)形式，故排除A，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不定式做狀語(yǔ)常表示意外的結(jié)果，故排除B，所以句中的making up around 2 percent of national total = which make up…這樣一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。再如：

European football is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world.

A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

答案A

14. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)意義是不同的。不定式作狀語(yǔ)常表示意外的結(jié)果，而動(dòng)名詞常表示自然的結(jié)果。本句意思是“醫(yī)生仔細(xì)給他檢查了，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的病很嚴(yán)重”。再如：He got to the station only _____ the train had gone.

A. and told B. telling C. told D. to be told

答案D

15. 解析 what he could后省略了do，what引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。不定式to help作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示“盡力幫助某人”經(jīng)常用do what one can to help sb.或do all/everything (that) one can to help sb.

16. 當(dāng)不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，因此可以排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，至于D，have to后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞原形。

17. 本題考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。本句有make use of的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，要突破定向思維，不能以為空格處是個(gè)of的賓語(yǔ)。本句的主動(dòng)式是：We must make full use of every minute to do our lessons.

18. 在have something to do句型中，不定式與其修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)又與句中的另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，這時(shí)，不定式要用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，如You need something to eat中的不定式是to eat是由you發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，是主謂關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而，當(dāng)找不到能與不定式構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，就要用被動(dòng)式，如題干中，由上下文可知，第一句中的you并非type的主語(yǔ)，因此用被動(dòng)，再如I’m going home. Do you have anything to be taken home?也是如此，take的主語(yǔ)不是you。

19. 考查動(dòng)詞不定式。選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)是不定式，兩個(gè)是現(xiàn)在分詞，題干中“他讓我重復(fù)他的說(shuō)明來(lái)確信我知道他離開(kāi)后要做些什么事”，因此前面的空格缺少的是動(dòng)作的目的而不是伴隨狀態(tài)，很容易就排除B、D兩項(xiàng)，后半句的主語(yǔ)what是要做的事情，動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。be to結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，有“計(jì)劃、打算、命令、義務(wù)、命中注定”之意。

20. 考查對(duì)固定詞組在復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)中使用。本題考查的是固定詞組have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.這一用法，難點(diǎn)是這一詞組在題干中進(jìn)行了變形，trouble提前做了先行詞，而have放在了后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作了謂語(yǔ)，但結(jié)構(gòu)的搭配和用法沒(méi)有改變，相當(dāng)于I have had great trouble persuading him to stop smoking，其次動(dòng)詞persuading表示“說(shuō)服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，C、D是搭配錯(cuò)誤，其后不能用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)，promising是意思不符合題意。try to persuade = advice“盡力去說(shuō)服（但不一定成功）”

21. 考查對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力。分析句子成分可知，題干中的主語(yǔ)尚未完整，先排除A、C兩項(xiàng)，因?yàn)殛愂鼍渥髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)得用That來(lái)引導(dǎo)，構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)從句。再排除B，因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)由不定式作后置定語(yǔ)的名詞，而句子的意思是“總統(tǒng)親自參加會(huì)議（這件事）讓大家深受鼓舞”，因此主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是個(gè)事件，只有D項(xiàng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上都適合這個(gè)句子。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，除賓語(yǔ)從句外，都不能省。

22. 考查動(dòng)詞不定式做表語(yǔ)。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看有兩個(gè)不定式做表語(yǔ)，而且邏輯上是轉(zhuǎn)折意義，因此，后面一個(gè)用否定形式。with/for the purpose of“以…為目的”，on purpose“故意”

23. 考查不定式符號(hào)to后面動(dòng)詞的省略現(xiàn)象。有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to來(lái)代替前面的不定式，這種情況還常出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞后：expect, prefer, care, mean, forget, want, wish, hope, try以及be glad/happy等后面。但如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中有be, have, have been等詞，這些詞要保留，如：

---- Are you on holidays? ---- No, but I ‘d like to.

---- I didn’t tell him the news. ---- Oh, you ought to have.

本題把答語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全就是No, even though I am invited to go.然后根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則變成省略句，將I am和不定式符號(hào)后的部分省略。even though = even if“即使”，as though = as if“好像”。

24. 本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)這一用法。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)詞與前面所修飾的名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又與該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)；不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，也要主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。本題屬于后者。另一結(jié)構(gòu)：I find it hard to do…，其中it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。

25. prove后既可跟不定式to be，又可直接跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。而選項(xiàng)B在時(shí)態(tài)上不合要求。其次，本題中的it是確指某一事物，而不是形式主語(yǔ)，因此prove在這里是系動(dòng)詞的用法，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而如果it作形式主語(yǔ)，那么prove常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：It is proved to be true that this matter is difficult to deal with.

26. 當(dāng)except、but、save、than、as等連詞前面有do動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，否則，后面接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。如：

I have no choice but to wait for him at the very place.

Yesterday he did nothing except see a film.

27. 有些動(dòng)詞，像ask ,tell, try, need, want, wish, expect, hope, like, hate, love, know, care, prefer, mean等，當(dāng)不定式作它們的謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省去與前面動(dòng)詞一致的動(dòng)詞原形，而保留不定式符號(hào)，如：

He can go if he wishes to.

I would mend your radio, but I don’t know how to.

28. liked, wished, meant和 expected 都可后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但從提供的情況分析，是打算買而沒(méi)買，應(yīng)填meant。mean to do sth.：打算做某事；mean doing sth：意味著做某事。

29. 過(guò)去分詞表狀態(tài)，整個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，對(duì)句子的動(dòng)作作說(shuō)明。A是及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)的現(xiàn)在分詞，但缺賓語(yǔ)。B是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，表動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行，意思不對(duì)；C是不定式，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意思也不對(duì)。再如：

______ at failing in the math exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.

A. Disappointed B. To be disappointed C. Disappointing D. Having disappointed

答案A

30. burn在此是不及物動(dòng)詞“燃燒”，而lock是及物動(dòng)詞，因此分別用現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)和表語(yǔ)。

31. 根據(jù)題意是指過(guò)去的事情，因此用不定式的完成式來(lái)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。再如：

Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. (NMET 1993)

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案C

32. 根據(jù)后面的he is in可以推斷是指現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，因此不定式要用進(jìn)行時(shí)，to be studying。

33. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但主語(yǔ)部分不完整，首先排除A，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不能作主語(yǔ)，其次，動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)表示一般或抽象的多次的行為，不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。從本題來(lái)看主語(yǔ)是個(gè)抽象概念“獨(dú)居山頂，周圍沒(méi)有一個(gè)人（這樣的生活）”，因此用動(dòng)名詞living比較合適。D用的是不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作與句子意思不符。

34. 首先分析本題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)空格處應(yīng)該是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此排除A、C。其次區(qū)別動(dòng)詞的含義，表示報(bào)紙、牌示、儀表盤等等“說(shuō)；指示著”一般用say，因此選D。表示文字材料上“寫(xiě)著…”或儀表儀器上面的“讀數(shù)是…”，還可用read，是及物動(dòng)詞。再如：

When we got back home, I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you. I’ll call later.”

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

答案D

35. 本題在辨析動(dòng)詞詞組的同時(shí)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處并非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是作為主語(yǔ)the military actions的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，“不顧世界上絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家和人民的反對(duì)而進(jìn)行”，根據(jù)意思應(yīng)該用carry out，而turn out“結(jié)果是”，come out“出來(lái)；（真相）大白；出版”等，take out“取出”，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不合題意。carried out = which were carried out非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。

36. 根據(jù)句中的now，可以斷定the water tower是正在進(jìn)行建造，而且是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分是be to結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，to后面是不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)閏omplete和the water tower之間是動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，而the water tower是主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)通常表示尚未進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。再如：

If the building project ______ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.

A. to be completed B. is completed C. being completed D. completed

答案A

37. 根據(jù)句子意思“這種病如果不治療的話能導(dǎo)致徹底失明”。if left untreated = if it is left untreated，是狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象。

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，省略現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)于五種狀語(yǔ)從句中

when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

if, unless, whether等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句

though, although, even if, whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

as, than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句

as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句

遵循的原則

當(dāng)從句與主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)為be時(shí)，可將從句主語(yǔ)及be省略。

當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)是it，且從句謂語(yǔ)含有be時(shí)，可將it及be省略。

當(dāng)so或not代替上文內(nèi)容，此時(shí)可有if + so/not句式

常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)

連詞(as, as if, once)+名詞

連詞(though, whether, when)+形容詞

連詞(whether, as if, while)+介詞短語(yǔ)

連詞(when, while, though)+現(xiàn)在分詞

連詞(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+過(guò)去分詞

連詞(as if, as though)+不定式

e.g. Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.

Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.

He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.

While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.

The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.

He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.

Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.

Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.

Get up early tomorrow. If not (= If you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus.

He may not be at home then, if so (= if he is not at home), leave him a note.

38. 本題考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由“邏輯上的主語(yǔ)+邏輯上的謂語(yǔ)部分”構(gòu)成。邏輯上的謂語(yǔ)包括：現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)等。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的前半部分已經(jīng)有了主謂賓，因此后半部分是作狀語(yǔ)，又因?yàn)閙y classmates不是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)閟tand的邏輯主語(yǔ)是my classmates。本句意思是“我小心地把液體倒進(jìn)水中，我的同學(xué)們焦急地站在旁邊等著看會(huì)有什么情況發(fā)生”。再如：

The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, ______.

A. her long hair flowed in the breeze B. her long hair was flowing in the breeze

C. her long hairs were flowing in the breeze D. her long hair flowing in the breeze

答案D

39. 后半句是個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)， A項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，不符題意；B項(xiàng)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，是正確答案；C、D是后半部分成了句子，但又缺少連詞，故均錯(cuò)了。

40. 前半部分是形容詞化了的過(guò)去分詞tired和介詞短語(yǔ)out of breath作狀語(yǔ)，后面是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。

41. 本題“被帶領(lǐng)著參觀了天安門廣場(chǎng)，游客們又被帶著去參觀了頤和園”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此用完成時(shí)較合適，而且是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

42. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以知道some bricks后面應(yīng)該是個(gè)定語(yǔ)，leave后面可以跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，leave sb./sth. doing表示“使某人/某物保持某種動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)”，本題中的some bricks是leave的賓語(yǔ)，因此過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)，而且用完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在fell over這一動(dòng)作之前，having left = which have been left。再如：

Taj majal, ______ by Shah Jahan for his wife, is thought to be one of the great architectural wonders of the world.

A. being built B. was built C. to have been built D. built

答案D

43. 過(guò)去分詞given可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，通常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，意思為：“在…的情況下，考慮到…”，相當(dāng)于Considering …短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。類似的還有Judging by, Generally speaking等，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

_____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

答案：A

再如：Given his poor English, it’s better to let him live with the foreign students.

44. “陷入沉思”deep in thought，因此排除B、D，“看到某人坐著”see sb. sitting或see sb. seated，因?yàn)閟it是不及物動(dòng)詞，seat是及物動(dòng)詞，常用seat oneself。

45. 根據(jù)上下文的意思，這個(gè)問(wèn)題最好不要在今天的會(huì)議上討論，因?yàn)樵搯?wèn)題不是那么burning“緊急；要緊”， to begin with通常用來(lái)陳述理由，表示“首先；第一”。

46. 動(dòng)名詞結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。

47. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)句子的主、謂、賓已經(jīng)齊備，那么空格處應(yīng)該是狀語(yǔ)的一部分，只有being是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在這里是現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

48. 這是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)，表示一般性的或抽象的行為。

49. 分析句子成分知道句子的前半部分是狀語(yǔ)，sitting和watching是and連接的兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)he，第三個(gè)空格則是watch復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

50. 根據(jù)提問(wèn)的疑問(wèn)代詞what，因此答語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)該是個(gè)能作主語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)或句子，只有receiving合適。

51. 本句前半部分是個(gè)雙重疑問(wèn)句，用賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，后半部分的不定式to make是目的狀語(yǔ)，make后面用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，因?yàn)閎elieve與himself之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，本句意思是“你認(rèn)為Bob會(huì)說(shuō)些什么來(lái)使大家相信他？”。

52. 首先要理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)檩^為復(fù)雜，我們可以將其簡(jiǎn)單化變成How many of us would be interested in the discussion?那么us后面應(yīng)該是個(gè)定語(yǔ)，say是個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，出席會(huì)議的我們us attending a meeting，而meeting后面又是一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

53. said過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)a new garden的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，從will be under construction soon可知a new garden尚未開(kāi)始，因此A、C用的不定式時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，D的語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。

54. 本句with結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，因?yàn)閏onsider和the weather conditions之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，“考慮到天氣原因”。

55. 理順句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)序是解題的關(guān)鍵。考查prefer to do… rather than do…結(jié)構(gòu)，本句中rather than前置了，但搭配不變，因此可以排除B、C、D，It being Sunday是獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語(yǔ)。

56. 狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，if not properly dealt with = if it isn’t properly dealt with。詳見(jiàn)37題解釋。再如：

When ______ about her result of the English exam, the girl ______.

A. asked; burst into tears B. being asked; burst into laughter

C. he was asked; kept crying D. asked; kept her word

答案A

57. 考查相似短語(yǔ)或搭配的含義及使用。有時(shí)同學(xué)們會(huì)牢記一些特殊的詞組和搭配而忽視最基本的用法，本題就是一例。can’t help doing和can’t help but do是兩個(gè)較特殊的詞組，意思是“不由得；不得不”，如果沒(méi)有仔細(xì)審題就受到這兩個(gè)詞組的影響，那么很有可能會(huì)選B，而實(shí)際上本題考查的是help的基本用法help to do“幫忙做某事”。help作為動(dòng)詞，還有“有幫助；（藥物等）有效；緩和”，如：

Crying won’t help, you know.

This medicine will help (your headache).

58. 本題結(jié)合動(dòng)詞搭配考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。后面的before說(shuō)明應(yīng)該用不定式的完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。本句意思是“有人認(rèn)為，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人們過(guò)去比現(xiàn)在有更健康的食物”。