BOOK I UNIT ONE Friendship
I. 考綱詞匯：
________________ vt. 增加；添加；補充說 vi. 加；加起來；增添
________________ n. 點；尖端；分數(shù)
________________vt.& vi. (________ _________ _________) 使不安；使心煩
adj. 心煩意亂的；不適的；不舒服的
________________ vt. 不理睬；忽視
________________ adj. 平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的 vt.&vi. （使）平靜；（使）鎮(zhèn)定
________________ vt. 涉及；關(guān)系到 n. 關(guān)心；關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系
________________ adj. 松的；松散的；松開的
________________ n. 欺騙；騙子 vt.&vi. 欺騙；騙取；欺詐；作弊
________________ n. 理由；原因
________________ vt. 列出
________________ vt. 分享；均分；分擔(dān) n. 一份；份額
________________ n. 感覺；感情
________________ n. 荷蘭
________________ n. 德國人；德語 adj. 德國的；德國人的；德語的
________________ n. 連續(xù)；系列
________________ adv. 在戶外；在野外
________________ adj. 瘋狂的；狂熱的
________________ n. 自然；自然界
________________ n. 目的；意圖
________________ vt. &v. aux 敢；膽敢
________________ n. 雷；雷聲； vi. 打雷；雷鳴
________________ adv. 完全地；全然地；整個地
________________ n. 能力；力量；權(quán)力
________________ adv. 依照
________________ adv. 按照；依據(jù)
________________ vt. & n. 信任；信賴
________________ adv. 在室內(nèi)；入室內(nèi)
________________ vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷
________________ n. 十幾歲的青少年
________________ n. 忠告；建議
________________ n. 調(diào)查表；問卷
________________ n. 測驗；提問 vt. 對……進行測驗
________________ n. 情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置
________________ n. 編輯
________________ vi. 交際；溝通；傳達（感情、信息等）
________________ n. 習(xí)慣；習(xí)性
________________合計 ________________ 平靜下來；鎮(zhèn)定下來
________________不得不；必須 ________________ 關(guān)心；掛念
________________遛狗 ________________ 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受
________________躲藏；隱藏 ________________ 放下；記下；登記
________________一連串的；一系列；一套 ________________ 故意
________________為了… ________________ 面對面地
________________按照；根據(jù)……所說 ________________ 與……相處；進展
________________相愛；愛上 ________________ 參加；加入
Ⅱ課文再現(xiàn)
1. Add up (增加)your score and see how many points you can get. （P1）
2. Your friend comes to school very upset. The bell rings so you need to go to class. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(使某人平靜下來). / tell your friend that you’ve got to (不得不) go to class. / tell your friend that you are concerned about (關(guān)心,掛念) him/her but you have to go to class. You two will meet after class and talk then. （P1）
3. Your friend has gone on holiday (度假) and asked you to take care of （照顧）his /her dog. While walking the dog (遛狗), you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. （P1）
4. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at (嘲笑) you, or just can’t understand what you are going through? (經(jīng)歷) （P2）
5. She and her family hid away (躲藏) for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. （P2）
6. I don’t want to settle down (寫下) a series of （一系列）facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty. （P2）
7. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose (故意) until half past eleven one evening in order to （目的是）have a good look at the moon for once by myself. （P2）
8. Another time five months ago, I happened to (碰巧) be upstairs one evening when the window was open…. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…(面對面) (P2)
9. He used to work (過去常做某事) outdoors even in the middle of winter. （P4）
10. I’ m getting along well with (與某人相處友好)a boy in my class.（P6）
11. Join in (加入) people’s discussion. Try to make friends with(與某人交朋友) one or two classmates. (P7)
12. Mr. Jones lives alone (單獨) and often feels lonely.（孤獨） We communicate with each other (相互交流)by Internet /through the Internet.（P42）
13. A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患難之交才是真正的朋友) （P46）
14. A friend to all is a friend to none. (濫交者無友) （P46）
15. With clothes the new are the best; with friends the old are the best. (衣服是新的好；朋友是舊的好) （P46）
III. 單詞：
1、survey n. 調(diào)查，概述；
v. 測量，檢查；
e.g. a. A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan.
最近的民意測驗顯示大多數(shù)調(diào)查對象同意這項計劃。
b. The governor surveyed the damage caused by the tsunami.
州長查看了海嘯引起的破壞情況。
思維拓展：
(1). make a survey of sth. 調(diào)查…
make a general survey of sth 縱觀…
(2). survey sth. 調(diào)查，評述，檢查
survey the equipment 檢查設(shè)備
詞匯派生：
surveyor n. 測量員，檢察員
2、add v. 增加，增添
e.g. a. Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字寫進名單嗎？
b. A new wing was added to the building. 這座大樓新添了一座邊房。
思維拓展：
add up sth 把……加起來
add sth to sth 把……加到……
add to sth = increase 增加了。。。
add up to 合計；總共
add in 包括……;算進
指點迷津：
(1). add sth to sth 是“把……加到……上去“，add to 不能分開用，意為“增加了……”, 相當(dāng)于increase 或raise. 如：
e.g. a. He added some sugar to the coffee. 他給咖啡里加了些糖。
The bad weather added to our difficulty. 壞天氣增加了我們的困難。
(2). add還可表示“補充說“，后常接從句。
e.g. He added that he was satisfied with the talk. 它補充說他對會談很滿意。
詞匯派生：
addition n. 附加物
additional adj. 附加的
adding machine 加法機
in addition to 除……之外
3、point n. 要點，尖端，含義；
v. 指出
e.g. a. The point is that you shouldn’t have to wait so long to see a doctor.
關(guān)鍵是看病不應(yīng)等那么久。
b. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand. 他指著那所房子原來所在的地方。
思維拓展：
(1). come to the point of 到了……地步
to the point of 達到……的程度
be on the point of doing 正要做……
There is no point in …沒必要/沒意義做……
boiling point 沸點
(2). point to/ at 指向……
point out sth to sb. 向某人指出某事
point out that…指出……
point sth to/at sb. 把……對著某人
指點迷津：
(1). 當(dāng)非善意地用手指某人時，只能用point at.
(2). 當(dāng)表示指針指向、證據(jù)表明、建筑物的朝向時，用point to. 如：
e.g.The house points to the sea. 那所房子面向大海。
詞匯派生：
pointed adj. 尖銳的；尖的
pointless adj. 無意義的，無益的
4、upset v. 使不安，打亂
adj. 心煩意亂的
e.g.a. His strange behavior upset his father. 他的奇怪行徑困擾著他父親。
b. I understand how upset you must be feeling. 我理解你心里有多難受。
思維拓展：
(1). upset sb. 使某人不安
upset the plan 攪亂了計劃
upset the cup 打翻了杯子
It upsets sb that 讓某人心煩的是……
It upsets sb to do sth 做……使某人不快。
(2). be upset about 對……趕到心煩
指點迷津：
(1). upset 指由于某事的發(fā)生而心煩意亂。
(2). nervous 在做某事的過程中緊張害怕的感覺。
(3). anxious 因擔(dān)心某事的發(fā)生或不發(fā)生而焦慮不安。
詞匯派生：
upset-upset-upset-upsetting
5、concern n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)心，關(guān)系；
v. 涉及，有關(guān)
e.g. a. There is growing concern about violence on TV. 人們對電視上的暴力內(nèi)容日見擔(dān)憂。
b. Don’t be involved in what doesn’t concern you. 不要管那些與你無關(guān)的事。
思維拓展：
(1). show/express concern about/ for 對……表示關(guān)心/擔(dān)心
have concern with 和……有關(guān)系
with concern 關(guān)切地
(2). concern oneself about/ for 擔(dān)憂/關(guān)心……
concern oneself with 從事，參與……
concern sb./ sth 與……有關(guān)
詞匯派生：
concerned adj. 有關(guān)的；擔(dān)心的
be concerned about/ over/for 關(guān)心；掛念
be concerned with/ in 牽扯進/參與……
all parties concerned 有關(guān)各方
as/so far as …be concerned 就……而言
e.g. As far as I’m concerned, the sooner, the better. 就我而言，越快越好。
6、 cheat v. 欺騙,作弊
n. 騙子, 作弊者
eg. He is accused of cheating the taxman. 他被控欺騙稅務(wù)員.
eg. The two cheats set up tow looms. 這兩個騙子支起兩架織布機.
思維拓展：
cheat sb. (out) of sth 騙取某人某物
cheat sb. into doing sth 騙某人做……
cheat sb. into the belief that 騙某人相信
catch sb. cheating in an exam 作弊被抓
7、feeling n. 感覺,情緒
eg. have no feeling in my foot. 沒有知覺
eg. can understand his feelings 解他的心情.
思維拓展：
a feeling of hunger 饑餓感
a feeling of danger 危險感
a feeling of gratitude 感激的心情
have a feeling that 有……的預(yù)感
lose feeling in one’s legs 雙腳失去知覺
hurt one’s feelings 傷害某人的感情
hide/ mask one’s feelings 隱瞞感情
express feelings 表達感情
構(gòu)詞法:
feel v. 感覺出
feeler n. 觸角,觸須
feelingly adv. 充滿感情地
8、 series n. 一系列,連續(xù)
e.g. There has been a series of accidents at the crossing.
在那個十字路口曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過一連串的事故.
思維拓展：
a seires of 一連串的, 一系列的
a seroes of accidents 一連串事故
a series of articles 一系列文章
a TV series 一部電視連續(xù)劇
in series 連續(xù),一系列地
構(gòu)詞法:
serial n. 連續(xù)劇, 連載小說
9、nature n.
(1) 大自然, 自然界
the law of nature 自然法則
the balance of nature 生態(tài)平衡
the beauty of nature 大自然之美
(2) 本性,性情
human nature 人性
a man of gentle nature 性情溫和的人
(3) 性質(zhì), 種類
be different in nature 性質(zhì)不同
思維拓展：
be nature to nature 逼真
by nature 天生地
against nature 違反自然地
in a state of nature 處于未開化的狀態(tài)
常用搭配:
it’s natural that = it’s natural for sb. to do sth 做……是當(dāng)然的
e.g. It’s natural that we should carry out the plan. = it ‘s natural for us to carry out the plan.
這個計劃是當(dāng)然的.
10、powder n. 能量,力量,權(quán)力
eg. Carry this luggage requires a lot of powder. 搬運這件行李需要很大的力氣.
思維拓展：
be in powder 執(zhí)政,掌權(quán)
come into powder = take power上臺,執(zhí)政
under one’s own power 憑借自身的力量
have the power to do sth 具有……的能力
beyond/ out of one’s powder 力所不能及的
構(gòu)詞法:
powerful adj. 強有力的
powerless adj. 無力的,無權(quán)的
11、suffer v. 遭受,忍受
eg. The city suffered serous damage from the earthquake. 城市因地震遭受嚴(yán)重破壞.
練習(xí): suffer pain / loss / defeat / punishment / hardship 遭受痛苦/損失/失敗/懲罰/艱難
思維拓展：
suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒
suffer for sth. 為……而受苦
構(gòu)詞法:
suffering n. 痛苦, 苦難
sufferer n. 受難者, 患者
12、 purpose n. 目的,意圖
eg. For what purpose did he go to Africa? 他去非洲的目的何在?
思維拓展：
on purpose = by accident 故意地
for the purpose of 為了……的目的
with the purpose of 抱著……的目的
one’s purpose in doing sth . 某人做……的目的
構(gòu)詞法:
purposeful adj. 有目的的,故意的
purposeless adj. 無目的的
purposely adv. 特意地,故意地
13、advice n. 勸告,建議
eg. He gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
他就如何學(xué)習(xí)外語給我們提了一些建議.
思維拓展：
give / offer sb. some advice on 就……給某人提建議
ask sb. for adcice 征求某人的意見
follow / take one’s advice接受某人的建議
do sth. by one’s advice 按某人的建議做……
on / upon one’s adcice 聽某人的勸告
構(gòu)詞法:
adviser / advisor n. 建議者,顧問
advisory adj. 勸告的, 顧問的
advise v. 建議
advise sb. to do sth 建議某人做……
advise sb. not to do sth = adcise sb. against doing sth 建議某人不要做……
advise doing sth 建議做……
advise that 建議……
advise sb. on 向某人提…..建議
14、effort n. 努力
eg. You should put more effort into your work. 你應(yīng)該更加努力地工作.
思維拓展：
make an effort to do 努力做……
= make every effort to do
= make grat efforts to do
= spare no effort to do
without effort 毫不費力地
注: “ 全力做…..”的表達:
do all out to do
do / try one’s best to do
do all / everything / what one can to do
構(gòu)詞法:
effortless adj. 不費力的
15、habit n. 習(xí)慣,習(xí)性
eg. You need to change your eating habits. 你需要改變飲食習(xí)慣.
思維拓展：
develop / form the habit of = build up the habit of 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣
fall / get into the habit of 染上……的習(xí)慣
be in the habit of = have the habit of 有……的習(xí)慣
get sb. into the habit of 使某人養(yǎng)成…..的習(xí)慣
get out of the habit of = give up the habit of = kick / break/ drop the habit of
戒除…….的習(xí)慣
do sth. out of habit 處于習(xí)慣做某事
IV. 課文短語:
1. go through 通過;經(jīng)受; 仔細檢查; 完成
練習(xí)：
go through too many wars 經(jīng)過太多的戰(zhàn)爭
go through with one’s promise 實踐諾言
The new law has gone through. 新的法律已經(jīng)通過了.
The teacher went through all the students’ homework. 老師將學(xué)生的作業(yè)仔細的檢查了一遍.
思維拓展:
break through 沖破
get through 完成, 通過
live through 活過……
look through 瀏覽
read through 通讀
see through 看穿
have been through with 經(jīng)受過 (很多苦)
through thick and thin 共患難
through and through 徹底,完全
2. hide away 躲避,隱蔽
eg. a. The thief hid away in the woods for a week.
小偷在樹林里隱藏了一周.
b. They hid away the solider from the enemy . 他們藏起了這個戰(zhàn)士以躲避敵人.
思維拓展:
常用被動語態(tài)形式的結(jié)構(gòu):
be hidden among the woods 躲在樹林里
be devoted to education 獻身教育
be stationed in the village 駐扎在村里
be buried in reading 專心閱讀
be seated beside me 坐在我身邊
3. set down 記下， 放下,認為,歸因于……
eg. a. Set down his name and address. 記下他的名字和地址.
b.He set down the book on the bable . 他把書放在桌上.
c. I set the man down as a solier. 我以為那人是個士兵.
d. I set down his bad temper to his health. 我認為他的壞脾氣是由于身體的原因.
思維拓展:
set down (doing) sth 著手(做)某事
set out to do sth. 著手做做某事
set off 動身,引爆
set up 豎起,創(chuàng)設(shè),開辦
注: 表示” 記下, 寫下” 時
set down = put down = write down = get down
4. do with 處理,與….. 有關(guān)
eg. He didn’t knkow what to do with his camel. 他不知如何處置他的駱駝.
思維拓展:
have sth. to do with 與……有關(guān)
have nothing to do with 與……無關(guān)
have much / a lot of to do with 與……有很大關(guān)系
指點迷津:
(1) do with 表示 “ 處置” 時常與what 搭配,而 deal with 常與how 搭配.
e.g. What to do with his camel
how to deal with his camel
(2) what與how 的其他搭配
What do you think of …?
How do you like / find …?
What to do it next
(3) do without 沒有……也行
eg. If there’s none left we’ll have to do without. 如果沒有剩余的我們就只得將就了.
5. for once 就這/ 那一次
eg. a. For once your’re right . 只有這一次你是對的.
b. I think we might relax orselves for this once .我想我們就這么一次可以放松一下.
思維拓展:
all at once 突然; 同時
once and for all 永遠地;一勞永逸地
once in a while 偶爾
once more / again 再一次
once upon a time 從前( 用于開始講故事)
at once 立刻;同時
指點迷津:
for once = this once = just for once = for this once
6. face to face 面對面地
eg. They stood face to face with each other. 他們面對面地站著.
思維拓展:
heart to heart 心貼心地, 坦誠地
shoulder to shouldedr 肩并肩地
hand in hand手拉手地
arm in arm臂挽臂地
side by side 并排地
back to back 背靠背地
指點迷津:
(1) face-to – face 是合成形容詞,在句中作定語.
eg. We’ll have a face-to-face interview. 我們要進行一次面對面的采訪.
(2) face to face 中不用任何冠詞.類似短語如:
from door to door 挨門挨戶地
from mouth to mouth 口口相傳地
see eye to eye 完全同意地
from left to right 從左到右地
from generation to generation 一代一代地
from head to foot 從頭到腳
from time to tme 不時地
(3) face to face 常與with 連用,表示 “與……面對面”, 在句中作狀語. 如:
eg. He came face to face with death. 他面臨死亡.
7. get along with 進展,相處
eg. a. How are you getting along with your classmates? 你與同學(xué)相處怎樣?
b. He’s getting along well with his business. 他生意做得很順利.
思維拓展:
get along well / nicely with 與……相處得很好
get along badly with 與……相處得不好
指點迷津:
(1) get along with 中的along 也可以用on 替換.
(2) get along with sb. 是＂與某人相處得如何＂，
get along with sth 是＂某事進展得如何＂
(３)在 He didn’t know that we were getting along with them.中，不能用how 代替that . 當(dāng)句中沒有well, nicely 或 badly 等詞時，才用how.
e.g. I want to know how they are getting along with the work.
我想知道他們的工作進展得怎么樣
V. 詞義辨析：
1. pay, salary 與 wage
（1） pay 工資，薪金，是不可數(shù)名詞．常指按時支付的固定薪酬，也指海陸軍人以及在政府部門工作的人的新酬．可用來代替 salary 或wages. 如：
eg. a. How much tax do they take out of your pay? 他們從你的工資中抽多少稅？
b. I get my pay every Friday. 我每星期五領(lǐng)薪水．
（２）salary 薪水．可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞．通常指非體力勞動者 （如：白領(lǐng)階層的工作者或掌管業(yè)務(wù)的行政人員等）所得的報酬，一般按月發(fā)回半年、一年發(fā)放一次．如：
eg. a. He is paid for his work at a high salary .他的工作薪水很高．
b. I draw my salary at the end of every month.我每個月底領(lǐng)工資．
（３）wage 工資，工錢．通常指付給體力勞動者（如：藍領(lǐng)工資，也可指按記時工資．常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)．有時工資多或少時，常說 much / little wage, 而不說 many / few wages. 如：
eg. a. Wages are high in this country. 這個國家的工資待遇高．
b. She has a rise in her wages. 她漲了工資。
2. ignore 與be ignorant
（1）ignore 裝作不知，故意不理睬
（２）be ignorant 不知道，沒意識到．
eg.a. He ignores the doctor’s adcice and goes on smoking.
他不顧（忽視）醫(yī)生的忠告而繼續(xù)抽煙．
b. I was ignorant ( of the fact ) that the boss could be so strict. 我不知道老板居然那樣嚴(yán)格．
３．calm, quiet, still 與 silent
（1） calm 平靜的，沉重著的．指無風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動；
（２）quiet 寧靜的，安靜的．指沒有聲音，不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮；
（３）still 靜止的，不動的．指沒有運動或動作的狀態(tài)；
（４）silent 寂靜的，沉默的，不發(fā)音的．指沒有聲音或不講話． 如：
eg. a. He kept calm in face of great danger. 面臨巨大危險他還是保持鎮(zhèn)靜．
b.He leads a quiet life. 他過著平淡的生活。
c. Ask the children to keep silent. 讓孩子們保持安靜．
d.Please keep/stay still while I take your photo. 我給你拍照時請別動。
４．concern, anxiety, care 與 worry
(1) concern 語氣較輕，指對非常下的人或物的擔(dān)憂；
(２)anxiety “ 擔(dān)憂，掛念，焦急＂，指對未來的事或不能確定的的不安，主要是怕發(fā)生不辛的事，但并非消極的悲觀失望，而是積極地希望避免不辛，另外還有渴望做某事或獲得某事的含義；
（3）care “擔(dān)心，掛念，操心”，不僅指感情上的擔(dān)憂，也包括在理智上對某事的掛念和操心；
(4)worry＂擔(dān)心，煩惱，操心＂，是日常用語，指過分的擔(dān)心或無濟于事的憂慮等．如：
eg. a. His child’s future was his greatest concern. 孩子的前途是他最關(guān)心的問題．
b. As his confidence in work increased , his anxieties about it disappeared.
因為對工作的信心曾加了，他對工作的擔(dān)憂消失了．
c. Care had made him look ten years older . 操心使他看起來老了１０歲．
d. Too much worry had made him look like an old man .過分憂慮使他看起來像位老人．
５．in order to, so as to 與 so …as to
(1) in order to 引導(dǎo)的不定式作目的狀語，可置于句首或句末．
(２)so as to 引導(dǎo)的不定式作目的狀語，起位置一般在句末．
eg.a. In order to catch the train, he hurried through his work.
為了趕火車，他匆匆忙忙完成了工作．（ 表目的）
b. He hurried through his work in order to / so as to catch the train.
為了趕火車，他匆匆忙忙完成了工作．（ 表目的）
(３) so … as to 結(jié)構(gòu)中， so + adj./ adv. as to do 表示一個結(jié)果，意為達到某種程度．如：
e.g. a. She was so kind as to help the old lady off the bus. 她好心地把那位老太太扶下了公共汽車．
b. Would you be so kind as to lead me to the hospital? 請你把我?guī)У结t(yī)院去好嗎？
指點迷津：
（１）否定結(jié)構(gòu)：in order not to do 和 so as not to do.
(2 ) 主語從句主語一致時，才能用 in order to 或 so as to 來引導(dǎo)，否則，改用
so that 或 in order that 來引導(dǎo)．
eg. In order to see it clearly, I put on my galsses.
= I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly.
= I put on my glasses as to see it clearly . 為了看清楚，我戴上了眼鏡．
= I put on my glasses to see it clearly .
= To see it clearly, I put on my glasses.
6. energy, force, strength 與power
(1) energy 主要指 “人的精力＂, ＂自然界的能力＂
(２)force 主要指＂非自然界的力量，暴力，勢力，說服力，壓制力，法律、道德或感情的力量，軍事的力量＂等．總之，它是活動過程中的力量;
（３）strength 常指固定潛在的力量，就人說，著重指力氣，就物來，著重指強度、潛力等；
（４）power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或機器等事物的潛在的或所能發(fā)揮出來的力量、職權(quán)、權(quán)利或政權(quán)．
eg. a. Old as he is, he has so much engergy that he can work 14 hours a day .
盡管年紀(jì)大，但他有足夠的精力每天工作１４ 小時．
b. The police had to use force when they took him to the police station.
警察帶他警察局時，他們不得不使用武力．
c. Knowledge is power . 知識就是力量．
d. He lost some of the strength in his muscles when he stopped exercising.
他停止鍛煉時，肌肉就失去了力量