王青
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語(yǔ)
competition n. 比賽，競(jìng)賽
neat adj. 整齊的，整潔的
path n. 小路，小徑
wooden adj. 木頭的
pool n. 水池
★competition n. 比賽，競(jìng)賽（暗地里的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）
race n. 比賽，競(jìng)賽：car race車賽
match n. 比賽：football match足球比賽
contest n. 比賽（更廣泛）：baby contest 寶寶大賽；beauty contest 選美
game : 游戲, 運(yùn)動(dòng)
★neat adj. 整齊的, 整潔的，井井有條
clean adj. 干凈的
neat=tidy
tidy (up) the room 整理房間
★pool n. 水池(人工的)
swimming pool 游泳池
pond 池塘（天然的）
《golden pond》-金色池塘
【Text】
Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden
Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe
and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built
a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden
competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
參考譯文
喬.桑德斯擁有我們鎮(zhèn)上最漂亮的花園. 幾乎每個(gè)人都參加每年舉辦的“最佳花園競(jìng)賽” , 而每次都是
喬獲勝. 比爾.弗里斯的花園比喬的花園大, 他比喬也更為勤奮, 種植的花卉和蔬菜也更多, 但喬的花園更
富有情趣. 他修筑了一條條整潔的小路, 并在一個(gè)池塘上架了一座小木橋. 我也喜歡花園, 但我卻不愿意
辛勤勞動(dòng). 每年的花園競(jìng)賽我也參加, 但總因是鎮(zhèn)上最劣的花園而獲得一個(gè)小獎(jiǎng)!
【課文講解】
1、Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.
Joe's garden is the most beautiful.
Bill's garden is the largest.
Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s.
（比較的東西都是同類的事物joe’s 的“’s”不能省略）
2、Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.
nearly和almost 意義相似，表示“幾乎”、“差不多”、“差點(diǎn)兒”的意思。
I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差點(diǎn)把他的名字忘了。
I’m nearly/almost ready. 我快準(zhǔn)備好了。
enter for 報(bào)名參加（各種競(jìng)賽，考試等活動(dòng)）
win（won，won） v. 贏
① vi. 贏
I win.
I lose. (輸了)
② vt. 贏得……
win something 后面往往是獎(jiǎng)品,不能接對(duì)手
I win the book.
I win the gold cup.
win a prize 贏得了一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)
win a prize for… 因?yàn)椤@獎(jiǎng)
defeat+對(duì)手
I defeat you.
3、Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.
名詞加-’s 表示所屬關(guān)系，構(gòu)成名詞的所有格。這類名詞往往指有生命的東西，特別是人。所有格的語(yǔ)
法作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，限定后面的名詞。這個(gè)被限定的名詞在上下文中第二次被提到時(shí)可以省略，只要不
引起誤解。
4、He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
make 和build在這里是同義詞，“修建，建造”。make 的詞義比較籠統(tǒng)、廣泛，可解釋為“做、作出、
制造”等，而build主要限于建筑業(yè)，指“建造，建設(shè)，蓋房子，修筑（橋梁）等”
Have you made the skirt by yourself?
They have made a road along the river.
【Key structures】
形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
比較級(jí)相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中“比……更……”這種句型，最高級(jí)則表示在某個(gè)范圍“最……”的概念。最高
級(jí)在使用時(shí)前面通常要加定冠詞the，并有一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或從句限定其范圍。
1、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：
① 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er，-est，以輔音加-y結(jié)尾的詞變-y為-i，再加-er，-est
② 以-e 結(jié)尾的詞加-r，-st
③ 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再加-er，-est
④ 三個(gè)或者是三個(gè)音節(jié)以上（多音節(jié)）
比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成: more+原級(jí)
最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成: the most+原級(jí)
有一些雙音節(jié)詞既可在單詞結(jié)尾加-er，-est，也可與more/less 和most/least 連用，如narrow，clever，
common，pleasant等。
clever- cleverer- more clever
fun adj. 快樂(lè)
more fun （美國(guó)人用）
⑤ 有些構(gòu)成是不規(guī)則的：
good/well(better best)；bad/ill(worse worst)；many/much(more most)；little(less least)；
far(farther further , farthest furthest)
（farther:距離上的遠(yuǎn)和更遠(yuǎn)，further:程度上的更進(jìn)一步）
further more(更有甚者)
old(older elder, oldest eldest)
older 比……大
She is older than somebody
elder 做定語(yǔ)修飾其他名詞
elder sister (年長(zhǎng)的)姐姐
2、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法
在使用比較級(jí)時(shí)，如果需要把所比較的兩項(xiàng)都提到，那么就必須比較級(jí)后用than：
My room is cleaner than the one next door.
如果比較級(jí)之所指很清楚，它可獨(dú)立存在：
Which house do you prefer?
I prefer the older one.
最高級(jí)的限定范圍一般用of，among，in 等介詞短語(yǔ)；限定范圍也可以是從句；如果范圍很清楚，則
可以省略。
John is the tallest of the three brother.
This is the coldest day in ten years.
Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.
【Special Difficulties】
every構(gòu)成的合成詞
every和one，body，thing可以構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody
一般可以替換使用，后面的代詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，但它們本身均被視為單數(shù)。
Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.
=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每個(gè)人都知道自己必須做什么。
Everything is going well. 一切都很順利。
each 和every 均可譯為“每一個(gè)”，兩者常可互換。every 只能是形容詞性，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，常用來(lái)指一個(gè)
大的、不確定的數(shù)目，不能直接做主語(yǔ)；each既可作形容詞，又可作代詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，常用以一個(gè)確定的
并通常是有限的數(shù)目，在作代詞時(shí)，直接作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，使用第三人稱單數(shù)
Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.
Enter and Enter for
enter
① vt.&vi. 進(jìn)入
enter+地點(diǎn)名詞
Always knock on the door before you enter.
② vt.&vi. 參加，加入
We’ve entered into an agreement. 我們已達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。
He soon entered their conversation.
enter for+表示比賽、競(jìng)賽、考試的名詞報(bào)名參加, 強(qiáng)調(diào)報(bào)名
enter for the exam
She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 她報(bào)名參加數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽。
take part in 真正的參加
2 Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition?
crossward 文字游戲
3 Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic Games this year.
athletes = sportsman 運(yùn)動(dòng)員, 體育家
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is ___b___ .
a. larger garden b. a large garden c. large garden d. largest garden
6 The writer is fond of gardens. ___c___ .
a. They like him b. They like to him c. He likes them d. He likes
be fond of=like
I like sth./ I love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.
8 Joe wins every time. He always ___b___ Bill Frith.
a. wins b. beats c. gains d. earns
對(duì)手關(guān)系不能用win
defeat v. 擊敗
defeat sb.
beat v. 打敗；打
gain =get sth.
earn vt. 掙得
earn money
9 Joe grows more flowers. More flowers ___a___ in his garden.
a. grow b. grow tall c. grow up d. grow big
grow vt. 種植: grow sth; grow flowers…
vi. 生長(zhǎng): sth. grow; flowers are growing
grow tall/grow big 變得……（一般不加形容詞）
grow up 只和人連用, 表示人的長(zhǎng)大（up adv.表示向上）
10 Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is ___d___ in gardening.
a. interesting b. interest c. interestingly d. interested
sth. is interesting ……是令人感興趣的
be interested in… 對(duì)……感興趣
11 The writer doesn't like hard work. It's ___b___ to look after a garden.
a. a hard work b. a hard job c. hard job d. hardly a job
it 作形式主語(yǔ); 真正的主語(yǔ)是to look after the garden
hard work 繁重的工作
work不可數(shù)名詞；job 可數(shù)名詞
hardly adv.幾乎不
Have you understood me?
Sorry, I have hardly understood you.
12 Every year the writer enters for the garden competition ___b___ .
a. very b. also c. and d. either
very 不單獨(dú)使用；and并列連詞, 不放在句子末尾；either 也, 表否定
also 表示也, 可以放在句子末尾；often 可以放在句子末尾