1. perseverance 堅持不懈, 不屈不撓
persevere vi. He persevered with his work.
perseverance n. Our study needs perseverance.
Perseverance can make miracles happen!
2. quit (quit, quit, quitting) 放棄，停止，離開; 辭職
I had to quit the gathering in order to be home by midnight.
為了能在午夜前到家不得不離開聚會
I've quit my job. 我已辭職。
He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.
3. apply vt, vi 請求；申請; 應(yīng)用；使用；適用; 涂，敷，抹
She wants to apply for a job here.
~ to the government for financial help
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound. 有個護(hù)士正在給他的傷口敷藥。
What I have said does not apply to you.
You can’t apply this rule to every case.
Apply laser to an operation
專心致志于---，專心從事---
The new comer applied his mind to the job.
Students should apply themselves to their study.
Ex. Windows _____to isolate different physical environments while allowing light to pass.
A. are applied B. applying C. applied
Eco-agriculture _____to more Chinese farmland
A. applied B. is to be applied C. will be applied
4.add v. 增加；添加；相加；繼續(xù)說
(1) Would you like to add anything to what I've said, John?
(2) If you add 5 and / to 3, you get 8.
(3) He added that they were very pleased with the result.
add up加起來
Add up all these figures.
Please add the figures up / together.
add up to 總計達(dá)；總起來意味著
1)These figures add up to fifty.
2) All he said added up to his disagreement.
add to 增添，增加
(1) The music added to our enjoyment.
(2) The green belts add to the beauty of the school.
add fuel to the fire 火上加油；使事情更糟
Ex. The money he spent ____up to more than ＄ 1，000．
A. adding B. added C. in adding
Three _______to one is four.
A. adding B. added C. adds
5.circumstance 通常用復(fù)數(shù)）環(huán)境；情況
in the present ~s
Under the circumstance of market economy， 在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下
Circumstances allowing, I’ll go abroad to study.
under/ in the ~s 在此情況下，既然這樣
I had to give up my attempt in the circumstances.
under / in no ~s 無論如何不，絕不，在任何情況下都不 (放在句首句子要部分倒裝)
I will under no ~s let my daughter marry such a person.
Under no circumstances will I let my daughter marry such a person .
Under no circumstance will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
[高考示例]
I saw Bob play the piano at John’s party and on that _______ he was simply brilliant.
A. scene B. circumstance
C. occasion D. situation
on that occasion意為“在那一刻”。
6. lose heart/hope 泄氣，灰心
Lose one’s heart to 愛上（某人），傾心于
Don’t lose heart when you come across difficulties. 遇到困難時你不要灰心。
He lost his heart to the famous actress. 他愛上了那個著名的女演員。
Ex. Keep on trying . Never _________. I'm sure you'll succeed sooner or later.
A. Lose heart B. lose one’s heart C. lose hearts
The young explorer feels greatly ____by the difficulties he has encountered.
A. discouraged B. disappointed C. disheartened
7. take it / things easy 別緊張，放松點
take sb. / it /things seriously 尊敬某人；重視; 認(rèn)真對待, 當(dāng)真
8. keep up 維持;保持;堅持;繼續(xù)；
1) They lead an active life to keep up their body temperature.
2) Many people keep up this old tradition.
3) Will the weather keep up?
4) If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined. 如果這雨繼續(xù)下，花園就完蛋了。
5) The high cost of materials keeps up prices. 材料的昂貴費用使價格居高不下。
keep up with 不落在---后面, 趕上
She likes to keep up with the latest fashion
He walked so fast that she couldn’t keep up with him.
9.common sense 常識，情理=general knowledge
a sense of humour/beauty/shame幽默感/美感/羞恥心
a man of sense通情達(dá)理的人,有理智的人
10.survive 生還，殘存;比---長壽
Only one baby survived the terrible car crash.
The girl survived her parents.
survival n. survival kit 緊急求生用品箱
survivor
11. nail 指甲；釘子 fingernail toenail
You must stop biting your nails.
He drove/ hammered a two-inch nail into the wall.
The two girls are fighting tooth and nail (=fiercely) 竭盡全力，拼命地
12. beyond prep. （表位置）在…的那邊遠(yuǎn)于;(表時間)遲于；（表范圍、限度）超出；（用于否定句和疑問句）除……以外
Let’s go beyond the mountain.
Some shops keep open beyond midnight.
That is beyond my power/reach.
I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.
Go about 100 meters beyond the bridge, and you’ll find the school on the right.
He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.
The TV is beyond repair.
This problem is far beyond me / my comprehension.
Don’t stay out beyond 10 o’clock at night.
I cannot say anything beyond that.
13. Leave behind 忘帶；留下
I’ve left behind my hat on the chair.
The lights of the city were soon left behind.
He left a great fame / a large fortune behind (him).
14. Ox- oxen cattle cow bull buffalo bison
John Bull 約翰牛(指英國或英國人)
15. burden
She bore the burden of caring for her sick mother.
The boy was a burden to / on his family.
Senior middle school students were heavily burdened with all kinds of homework
16. desperate絕望的，極其嚴(yán)重的
The ~ thief shot at the policeman.
The situation was so desperate.
in desperate need of 很渴望的
He was desperate for fame.
He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.
desperately adv.拼命地, 絕望地
17. be / get / become accustomed to =be/get/become used to
I am accustomed to cold weather/ walking long distances.
You’ll soon get accustomed to cold weather.
18. thirst
After walking for three hours, I really had a thirst.
She has the thirst for fame.
19. starve, starvation
die of ~
~ cure斷食療法
20. anxiety about/ for
I felt anxiety about / for his safety when I heard the news of the train accident.
with great anxiety非常擔(dān)憂, 十分焦急地
21. come to an end 結(jié)束, 告終
The meeting came to an end at midnight.
bring …to an end結(jié)束, 完成, 終止
22. anniversary周年紀(jì)念（日）
Tomorrow is the anniversary of the first day we dated.
A wedding anniversary
They celebrated their 10th wedding anniversary.
23. relief
n.(指稅, 壓迫等的)減輕, 解除(痛苦, 煩惱等); 救濟(jì)(難民等); 救濟(jì)品
give a patient relief from pain使病人減輕痛苦
Will this medicine give immediate relief from pain?
provide relief for refugees 救濟(jì)難民
a relief fund 救濟(jì)基金
1. 解脫的感覺
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination. 聽說我已經(jīng)通過了考試，感到輕松多了。
2. Aid in time of danger. 援助
to send relief to flood victims
將救濟(jì)物資運送給遭受水災(zāi)的災(zāi)民
relieve v.
1. 減少；減輕
This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. 這將會在一定程度上減輕對火車的壓力。
2. 免除；解除（與of連用）
Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel. 讓我把你的重包裹解下來吧。
relieve sb. of 解除某人的(負(fù)擔(dān)等); 減輕某人的(痛苦等) ;[俗]偷去(某物) ; 解除某人(職務(wù))
Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel. 讓我把你的重包裹解下來吧。
relieve sb. from anxiety消除某人的憂慮
relieve the people in flood-stricken area 救濟(jì)水災(zāi)區(qū)的人們
relieved all his symptoms 減輕了他的所有癥狀；
relieved the tension.緩和緊張局面
a drug that relieves headaches 緩解頭痛的藥
24. deliver
1.遞送 ~ sth. (to sb.)
The mailman delivers the mail twice a day in this area.
Would you deliver my message to your mother?
2.發(fā)言He delivered a long speedh.
3.接生The doctor managed to deliver the triplets safely.
delivery n.
25.tough強壯的；堅強的；吃苦耐勞的; 堅韌的；困難的；費力的；難切難吃的; 殘暴的；嚴(yán)酷的；苛刻的：
a tough winter ( severe; harsh)
This steak is too tough 咬不動
He looked ( to be) the toughest of all the challengers.
tough policies 強硬的政策
a tough guy [美]無賴
a tough job 棘手的工作
a tough customer 難伺候的客人
have a tough time of it 日子不好過
26. stake
be at stake 在危險中 = in danger
His life was at stake
27. go for為…去; 努力獲取; 追求,想獲得; 喜歡；被吸引
She’s gone for a book.
go for a walk
to go for a job求職
She doesn't go for men of this type.她不喜歡他這種類型的男人。
28. more than
1) Hibernation is more than sleep.
2) He’s more than a teacher. He’s our best friend.
3) The museum is more than a museum. It’s a school.(=not only)
4) The museum is more than 10 kilometres from here(=over)
5) More than one house was burnt down in the fire.
6) Her performance was more than good; it was perfect.(extremely)
7) The consequence was much more than he imagined.
8) I love you more than my wife.
9) He is not more diligent than John. 前者不如后者
10) He is no more diligent than John . 一樣不
11) He is not more than 40. 不超過（不強調(diào)少）
12) He is no more than 40. (=only,強調(diào)少,有感情色彩)
13) He is no less active than he used to be. 不少于，不亞于，和…一樣
14) He is more brave than wise. 有勇無謀
15) The film is more in name than in reality. 名不符實
16) The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. 與其說是語法書倒不如說是本詞典