Unit 4 TV Programmes（1）
第四單元 電視節(jié)目
課文祥解
1. I’m far too busy to go shopping.
我實(shí)在太忙了，沒時(shí)間去買東西。
★far用作副詞，意為“很”“非常”，常修飾形容詞、副詞、比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，表示“……很多”。如：
①He’s fallen far behind in his work. 他的工作無遠(yuǎn)沒有做完。
②Their room is far larger than yours. 他們的房間比你們的大很多。
③This room is far too warm. 這個(gè)房間太熱了。
④He is a man of far sight. 他是一個(gè)目光遠(yuǎn)大的人。
⑤I’m far too busy to go shopping. 我真的是太忙了，沒時(shí)間去購物。
★far用作副詞，意為“遠(yuǎn)”“遙遠(yuǎn)”“久遠(yuǎn)”，指表示空間與時(shí)間上的距離。如：
①How far did you go? 你走了多遠(yuǎn)？
②He always works far into the night. 他總是工作到深夜。
③The plane is flying far above the clouds. 飛機(jī)在云霄上飛。
★far用作形容詞，意為“遠(yuǎn)的”“遙遠(yuǎn)的”。如：
①I like to travel to a far place. 我喜歡到遠(yuǎn)處去旅行。
②She was sitting at the far end of the room. 她坐到房間的那一頭。
③They live in the far south of the city. 他們住在那個(gè)城市的南面。
④In the far north, days are short in winter. 在較北的地方，冬日的白天較短。⑤⑥
★as far as意為“與……一樣遠(yuǎn)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)到某一地方，as far as還可表示“就……而言”的意思，表示某種程度。如：
①I can’t swim as far as you. 我游不到你那樣遠(yuǎn)。
②We walked as far as the station. 我們一直走到火車站。
③I only walk as far as the foot of the mountain. 我僅走到山腳那么遠(yuǎn)。
④As far as I know, he will be away for two weeks. 據(jù)我所知，他要離開兩星期。
⑤As far as I know, she’s not coming, but I may be wrong.
就我所知，她不打算來，但我或許會(huì)錯(cuò)。
★so far意為“到目前止”，可以放在句首，也可放在句尾。如：
①So far the weather has been good, but it might change.
直到現(xiàn)在為止，天氣都很好，但也許有變。
②I have been here for three months, and so far I’ve enjoyed myself.
我來這里已經(jīng)有三個(gè)月了，我一直過得很愉快。
③I have written to Jim, but I haven’t received his letter so far.
我已經(jīng)給吉姆寫過信了，但到目前為止我還沒有收到他的回信。
2. Then I’ll have lunch and a little sleep between 2 and 7.
然后，在兩點(diǎn)至七點(diǎn)之間我吃午飯并睡會(huì)兒。
★between用作介詞，意為“在……和……之間”，常與and連用。如：
①You can sit between him and me. 你可以坐在我和他中間。
②A football match is going on between a Chinese team and a Japanese team.
中國隊(duì)和日本隊(duì)之間正在進(jìn)行一場足球賽。
★between強(qiáng)調(diào)在兩者之間，而among一般指三者或三者以上。如：
①There is a picture hanging between the two windows. 兩扇窗戶中間掛著一幅畫。
②The animals usually hide among the trees in the daytime. 野獸白天通常藏在樹林里。
③I couldn’t find him among the crowd. 我在人群里找不到他。
【注】當(dāng)表示三者以上的事物每兩兩之間時(shí)，仍用between。如：
④There is a canal between the three cities. 這三個(gè)城市之間有條運(yùn)河。
⑤Agreements have been made between different countries.
不同的國家之間已達(dá)成了協(xié)議。
3. Every one of them has their own favourite TV programme.
他們每個(gè)人都有自己最喜歡的電視節(jié)目。
★everyone通常情況下寫成一個(gè)單詞，但在后面接一個(gè)表示范圍的of短語時(shí)，應(yīng)寫成兩個(gè)單詞。如：原句中every one of them。當(dāng)anyone后面接of時(shí)，也寫成兩個(gè)單詞，即any one of…。如：
①Every one if the students in the class has passed the exam.
＝All the students in the class have passed the exam.
這個(gè)班上的所有的學(xué)生都通過了這次考試。
②Every one of the them has their own idea.
他們每個(gè)人都有自己的主意。
③Any one of the boys can do what the two grown-ups are doing.
這些男孩中隨便哪一個(gè)都能干那兩個(gè)成年人在干的活。
④I like all the novels, any one of them.
我喜歡所有這些小說，它們中的任何一本。
★every用作形容詞，表示“每一個(gè)”，在句中只作定語，與單數(shù)名詞連用，著重于整體中每個(gè)人或事物，即把分散的項(xiàng)目集中成為一個(gè)整體來看待，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體。如：
①Every minute is important to us. 每分鐘對(duì)我們都是重要的。
②There are TV stations in every big city in China now. 現(xiàn)在中國每個(gè)大城市都有電視臺(tái)。
③We make experiments in chemistry every day. 我們每天都做化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
★every與數(shù)字連用，可表示“每……一次的”“每隔……的”。如：
①You must change the oil in the car every 5000 miles.
你必須每行上5000里給汽車換一次油。
②I usually go to my uncle’s every three days(＝every third day).
我通常每三天（每隔兩天）去我叔叔家一次。
★every可與other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示“每隔……”。如：
①Please write on every other line. 請(qǐng)隔行寫。
②They planted a tree every other meter along the road.
他們?cè)隈R路邊每隔一米栽一棵樹。
★each用作形容詞，意為“每個(gè)的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)群體（至少兩個(gè)）中個(gè)別的個(gè)體。如：
①Each child learns at his/her own plan. 每個(gè)兒童均按自己的進(jìn)度學(xué)習(xí)。
②There is a tree on each side of the house. 房子兩邊各有一棵樹。
③Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
★each用作代詞，意為“各個(gè)”“每個(gè)”，作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。如：
①Each of the houses is slightly different. 每座房子都稍有區(qū)別。
②Each of the students had his own bike. 孩子們各有自己的自行車。
★each放在主語后，作主語（一定是復(fù)數(shù)）的同位語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
①We each have an orange in the hand. 我們每人手里有一只桔子。
②They each have different opinions about it. 他們對(duì)那件事各有不同的意見。
4. on與about
★on用作介詞，意為“關(guān)于”，意味著具有嚴(yán)肅的學(xué)術(shù)性內(nèi)容。如：
①Have you read the article on France in the newspaper?
你讀過報(bào)上那篇關(guān)于法國的文章嗎？
②That book is on an important subject. 那本書是講一個(gè)重要的問題。
★about用作介詞，意為“關(guān)于”，是一個(gè)普通用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性和通俗性。如：
①They held a discussion about dinosaurs. 他們舉辦了一次關(guān)于恐龍的討論會(huì)。
②He likes watching a TV programme about school life.
他喜歡看有關(guān)學(xué)校生活的電視節(jié)目。
5. They are writing their own TV programmes for a writing competition.
他們正在編寫自己的電視節(jié)目來參加一場寫作比賽。
★one’s own用作形容詞，意為“自己的”“特有的”。如：
①That is my own camera. 那是我自己的相機(jī)。
②I saw it happen with my own eyes. 我親眼目睹了那件事的發(fā)生
③The orange has its own scent. 桔子有它獨(dú)特的香味。
★own用作代詞，意為“自己”。如：
①M(fèi)ay I keep it for my own? 我可以把它作為己有嗎？
②I’ll do the work on my own. 我將獨(dú)立地工作。
③Why didn’t you tell her to use her own? 為什么你不叫她用她自己的呢？
★on one’s own是一個(gè)習(xí)慣短語，意為“獨(dú)自”“獨(dú)立”。如：
①He runs a factory on his own. 他獨(dú)立經(jīng)營工廠。
②She still lives on her own. 她仍然獨(dú)自一人生活。
★own用作動(dòng)詞，意為“擁有”“有”，指具有法律上的所有權(quán)，其主語往往是人。如：
①Who owns this land? 這塊地為誰擁有啊？
②He used to own a lot of houses. 他過去擁有好幾處房子。
③His family owned neither land nor house. 他家既無田地又無房子。
6. A weekly round-up of what is happening in sports, with lots of up-to-date information.
體育方面所發(fā)生的事件一周綜述，為你提供大量的最新的體壇信息。
★weekly用作形容詞，意為“每周一次的”“每周的”。如：
①They are doing the weekly cleaning. 他們?cè)谶M(jìn)行每周一次的大掃除。
②Have you read the weekly newspaper? 你看過周報(bào)了嗎？
★weekly它還可以用作名詞，表示“周刊”，monthly表示“月刊”。如：
①I have subscribed to a weekly. 我已經(jīng)訂了一份周刊。
②This is a monthly magazine. 這是一個(gè)月刊。
③Our club has a monthly meeting. 我們俱樂部每月開一次會(huì)。
★weekly也可以用作副詞，意為“每周地”。如：
①He receives his wages weekly. 他每周領(lǐng)一次工資。
②Mr. Davies pays me rent weekly. 戴維斯先生每星期付我一次租金。
7. happen的用法小結(jié)
★happen用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“（偶然）發(fā)生”，指具體客觀事物的發(fā)生，往往帶有偶然的意味，其主語往往是物。Happen不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
①This story happened in Shanghai. 這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在上海。
②A fire happened in his factory last night. 昨晚那個(gè)工廠發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。
★happen to sb. / sth. 意為“某人/物出了某事”，to為介詞。主語一般是某物。如：
①If anything happens to the machine, do let me know.
假如機(jī)器出了什么毛病，務(wù)必通知我。
②What has happened to him (=What’s wrong / the matter with him?)
他怎么了？
③What finally happened to the boy? 這男孩最后怎樣了。
★happen to do sth. 意為“碰巧做某事”，如：
①Her birthday happens to be New Year’s Day. 她的生日碰巧是元旦這一天。
②I happened to be out when you called. 你來訪時(shí)我碰巧出去了。
③He happened to be watching TV when his father came home.
父親回來時(shí)，他碰巧晨看電視。
★It happened that + 從句。意為“碰巧……”。如：
①It happened that I saw him yesterday. 昨天我碰巧見到他了。
②It happened that she was thinking of something when the teacher called her.
當(dāng)老師叫她時(shí)，珍妮碰巧在想事情。
③It happened that he had seen the film. 他碰巧看過那部電影了。
【注】happen注意其否定句中否定詞的位置轉(zhuǎn)移。如：“我碰巧身上沒帶錢”可有多種譯法。
I happened not to have any money with me.
I didn’t happen to have any money with me.
I happened to have no money with me.
It happened that I had no money with me.
It happened that I didn’t have any money with me.
★take place也表示是“發(fā)生”的意思，指事先布置或策劃好，然后發(fā)生，沒有偶然的意思，是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
①Great changes have taken place in our city in the past 5 years.
過去的五年里，我們市發(fā)生了巨大變化。
②The October Revolution took place in 1917.
十月革命發(fā)生在1917年。
③Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1980.
自從1980年以來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。
④He asked me whether the sports meet would take place the next week.
他問我運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否在下星期召開。
8. up-to-date的用法
★up-to-date是復(fù)合形容詞，意為“現(xiàn)代的”“新式的”“最新的”。如：
①This book is up-to-date. 這本書是最新的。
②The equipment here is really up-to-date. 這里的設(shè)備很新式的。
★out of date意為“過期的”“過時(shí)的”。如：
①Her clothes are about ten years out of date. 她的衣服已經(jīng)過時(shí)十年了。
②This information is out of date. 這資料已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。
9. The programme covers different sports, such as basketball, swimming, badminton and football.
本節(jié)目涵蓋了不同的體育項(xiàng)目，諸如籃球、籃球、游泳、羽毛球和足球。
★cover用作動(dòng)詞，意為“包含”“包括”“涉及”。如：
①The lectures covered a lot of subjects. 這些講座涉及的內(nèi)容極為廣泛。
②The survey covers all aspects of the business. 調(diào)查包括這個(gè)企業(yè)的各個(gè)方面。
③The exhibition covers an area of 5,000 square metres.
展覽會(huì)展出面積為5,000平方米。
★cover用作動(dòng)詞，也可以“蓋”“遮蓋”。如：
①Flood water covers our fields. 洪水淹沒了我們的田地。
②Lies cannot cover up facts. 謊言掩蓋不了事實(shí)。
③Please cover the bowl with a piece of paper. 請(qǐng)用紙把碗蓋上。
④A passing lorry covered us in mud from head to foot.
一輛馳過的卡車濺了我們一身泥。
★cover用作動(dòng)詞，意為“報(bào)道”“（記者）采訪”。如：
①He is covering the sports meeting. 他正在報(bào)道運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的情況。
②He was sent to cover the traffic accident. 他被派去采訪了那起交通事故。
★cover用作動(dòng)詞，還可表示“行過”“走過（路程）”。如：
①They covered three hundred miles that day.
那一天他們走了三百英里。
②He wants to cover 100 miles before it gets dark.
他想在天黑之前走100英里。
③I covered 10 miles today. I never guessed that I could walk that far.
我今天走了10英里路，我從沒想過我能走那么遠(yuǎn)。
★be covered with意為“覆蓋”“遮蓋”，表示一種狀態(tài)。如：
①The ground is covered with snow. 地上覆蓋著雪。
②The trees are covered with fruit. 樹上結(jié)滿了水果。
③The table is covered with dust. 桌子上都是灰塵。
★cover也可作名詞，表示“蓋子”“罩”“封面”。如：
①The cover of a pot is called a lid. 蓋壺的蓋子叫作壺蓋。
②My book needs a new cover. 我的書需要一個(gè)新封面。
③He always reads the paper from cover to cover. 他總是把報(bào)紙從頭到尾看一遍。
10. However, if you are not a football fan, you might find this week’s programme a bit boring.
然而，如果你不是一個(gè)足球迷，那么你可能會(huì)覺得本周的節(jié)目有點(diǎn)乏味。
★原句中的a bit boring是謂語動(dòng)find的賓語補(bǔ)足語。find可接多種形式的賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：
①You will find it a difficult book. 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這是本很難的書。（名詞）
②He found