重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)：
1. hunt for 搜索, 追尋
2. care about 擔(dān)心, 關(guān)心
3. such as 例如
4. drop sb. a line 給某人寫信
5. be fond of 喜歡
6. in order to 為了
7. all the time 一直
8. argue with sb. about sth. 同某人爭(zhēng)論某事
9. all alone 獨(dú)自
10. develop a friendship with sb. 和某人建立友誼
11. even though 即使, 盡管
12. treat …as 把…當(dāng)作
13. surf the Internet 上網(wǎng)沖浪
14. on a flight 在飛行中
15. too much太多
16. should have done 本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事
17. be into sth./ doing sth. 喜歡
18. be quick in/ at 在某方面敏捷
19. make oneself at home 別客氣
20. in total 總共
21. except for 除了…之外
22. stay up 熬夜
23. come about 發(fā)生
24. end up with以…告終
25. bring in 引進(jìn)，引來(lái)
26. a great many 許多
27. all the way 一路上，從頭至尾
28. communicate with 與…交流
29. have a good knowledge of 了解，掌握
30. with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
31. compare… with… 把…和…進(jìn)行比較
32. share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
33. It be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/ who + 其他成分
34. stay the same 保持不變
35. more or less 或多或少
36. consider doing/sb. to do/ sb,. (to be)
37. get away from 逃離
38. watch out 注意，當(dāng)心
39. instead of 代替
40. go off 離開(kāi)
41. protect from 保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)
42. for fun 好玩
知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納：
1．a(chǎn)rgue (vi.﹠vt.): express an opposite opinion；exchange angry words；quarrel 爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)辯
常用于以下句型：
argue with sb. about/ over sth 同某人爭(zhēng)論某事
argue that…用辯論證明
argue sb. to be 表明，證明
argue for/ against 為/為反對(duì) …而辯論
例句：
⑴The couple next door are always arguing.
隔壁的夫婦總是爭(zhēng)吵
⑵We argued with each other about the justice of the war.
我們就這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是否正當(dāng)展開(kāi)了爭(zhēng)論
⑶Mr.Smith argued that he should be paid more.
史密斯先生據(jù)理力爭(zhēng)他應(yīng)得到更多的工薪
⑷The way he spends money argues him to be rich.
他花錢的方式說(shuō)明他很富有
⑸His accent argues him to be a southerner.
他的口音表明他是個(gè)南方人
⑹He argues that the experiment could be done in another way.
他論證說(shuō)這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)可以換一種方法進(jìn)行
⑺The workers argued for the right to strike.
工人們?yōu)闋?zhēng)取罷工的權(quán)利而辯論
* argument (n.) 爭(zhēng)論，論據(jù)，論點(diǎn)
⑴They got into quite a heated argument.
他們的爭(zhēng)論達(dá)到了白熱化。
⑵We couldn’t follow his argument.
我們不理解他的論點(diǎn)。
2．too much 具有形容詞、副詞和代詞的功能，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，表示“太多（的）、過(guò)分（的）、好極（的）”意思
⑴But too much snow can cause trouble.
但是雪太大可能引起麻煩(too much為形容詞，作定語(yǔ))
⑵She is afraid the trip will be too much for me.
她認(rèn)為這次旅行對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)強(qiáng)人所難(too much為形容詞，作表語(yǔ))
⑶She does not talk too much.
她談得不太多（too much為副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）
⑷Too much has been said about it.
關(guān)于這事講得太多了(too much為代詞，作主語(yǔ))
辨析：much too “太…”，中心詞是副詞too，用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞，在句中作狀語(yǔ)
⑴These shoes are much too narrow for me.
這雙鞋我穿實(shí)在太窄了
⑵You are much too thin to play the part of Falstaff.
你太瘦了，不能演福爾塔夫這個(gè)角色
高考題例：
Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.(NMET2003)
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
分析：
heavy為形容詞，故應(yīng)用much too修飾
答案：A
3. in order to do sth.
so as to do sth
to do sth
它們都可作目的狀語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別如下：
* 這三種不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，在意義上并無(wú)多大差別，相比而言，to do 比較普遍，后兩種在語(yǔ)氣上稍重些，而so as to do 比較口語(yǔ)化，in order to do則比較正式
* 為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)，突出目的，可將to do 或in order to do放在句首。
注：so as to do 不能放在全句的前面，它只能后置
⑴China is paying more and more attention to education in order to/so as to/to catch up with advanced countries in science and technology.
中國(guó)對(duì)教育越來(lái)越重視，為的是科技上趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
⑵In order to find the book, he searched the whole house.
為了找到那本書,他翻遍了整個(gè)房子
⑶To hear better, we’ll sit in the front row.
為了聽(tīng)得更清楚,我們要坐在前排
* to do, in order to do 和so as to do 三種不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 一般句子的主語(yǔ)就是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ), 但如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ),常用for引出:
eg.
I stopped aside for her to get in.
我停下來(lái)向旁邊靠了靠,讓她進(jìn)來(lái)
* 不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)否定的目的時(shí),一般采用so as not to或in order not to 這兩種句式。如：
⑴We took a taxi so as not to be late.
我們是搭出租車去的，以免遲到
⑵He worked slowly in order not to make any mistake.
他工作干的很慢，目的是不出錯(cuò)
⑶I got up early so as not to miss the first train.
我大清早起床，目的是不誤第一班火車
4. treat vt. 對(duì)待，治療，款待
常用于以下句型：
treat…as… 把…看作
treat sb. to sth. 用…款待某人
treat sb. for… 給某人治…病
eg.
⑴Don’t treat me as a child.
不要把我當(dāng)成小孩看待
⑵Why do you treat the matter as a joke?
你為什么把這件事當(dāng)作兒戲
⑶Peter treated me to an ice-cream.
彼得請(qǐng)我吃了冰激凌
⑷The doctors and the nurses risked their lives treating the patient for SARS.
醫(yī)生和護(hù)士冒著生命危險(xiǎn)為患者治療非典
* 以下句型也常用來(lái)表示“把…當(dāng)作”：
look on/ upon …as…
have…as…
think of…as/ to be…
consider …as/ to be…
regard… as…
eg.
⑴They look on others’ difficulties as their own.
他們把別人的困難當(dāng)成自己的困難
⑵She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.
她認(rèn)為班長(zhǎng)是班上最聰明的學(xué)生
⑶He always has her as his real mother.
他一直把她當(dāng)作自己的母親
⑷Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest American President.
亞伯拉罕林肯被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一
⑸All the patients regard him as a good doctor.
所有的病人都認(rèn)為他是一名出色的醫(yī)生
高考題例：
More patients___ in hospital this year than last year.(2004江蘇高考)
A. treated
B. have treated
C. had been treated
D. have been treated
分析：
根據(jù)句意, “treat”的意思是 “治療”,而且是發(fā)生在今年,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)式
答案: D
5. share vt. ﹠ vi. 分享,共用,等分
share (in) sth. with sb.
⑴The children shared the cake equally.
孩子們平分了蛋糕
⑵Ten teachers shared the office.
十名教師合用這間辦公室
⑶They would share their joys and sorrows.
他們?cè)敢馔使部?/p>
⑷Will you share your umbrella with me?
你能讓我和你共用雨傘嗎?
⑸I’ll share in the cost with you.
我愿意和你分擔(dān)費(fèi)用
* share n. 份額,股份,一份
⑴If you want a share of the pay, you’ll have do your share of the work.
如果你想要一份報(bào)酬,就必須做一份工作
⑵The company was formed with 1,000 shares.
這家公司組成時(shí)有1000股
⑶Here is your share of the cake.
這是你的一份蛋糕
高考題例：
Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare----you must learn to _____.(NMET2000)
A. support
B. care
C. spare
D. share
分析：
“as well”是“也”的意思，據(jù)題意，是讓 “Clare”和“Harry”兩個(gè)人一起玩玩具，“share”有分享、共用的意思。
答案： D
6. So +be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) “…也如此”（用于肯定句）
Neither/Nor + be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) “ …也不” （用于否定句）
⑴I’m a teacher, and so is my husband.
我是個(gè)教師，我丈夫也是
⑵He has finished his homework, and so have I.
他完成了作業(yè)，我也完成。
⑶If you go to school early tomorrow, so shall I.
如果明天你早上學(xué)，我也早去
* so/neither/nor引導(dǎo)的此類倒裝句，放在主語(yǔ)前面的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)與前一句保持一致（人稱和數(shù)上作適當(dāng)調(diào)整）。如：例⑴am---is；例⑵has---have；例⑶前一部分為if引導(dǎo)的條件句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，故主句使用表示將來(lái)的will/ shall。
*如果前一部分內(nèi)容中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be，則應(yīng)借助于助動(dòng)詞do/does/did。如：
①You love music, and so do I.
你熱愛(ài)音樂(lè)，我也一樣
②…He seldom drinks tea. 他很少喝茶
…Nor does she. 她也是
* 句子中如果用否定的派生詞，后句使用so。如：
①…I dislike coffee.我不喜歡咖啡
…So does she. 她也不喜歡
②…She is unmarried.她是獨(dú)身
…So am I. 我也是獨(dú)身
* 如果表示前面兩件或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時(shí)，則需要用So it is/was with…或It is/was the same with…，如：
①M(fèi)ary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So it was with Jane.
瑪麗在澳大利亞出生，在美國(guó)居住。簡(jiǎn)也是。
②…I like English but I can’t study well.我喜歡英語(yǔ)但學(xué)不好。
…So it is with my brother. 我弟弟也是。
（以上兩例皆可用It is/was the same with…結(jié)構(gòu)
* 如果下文表示的是對(duì)上文的贊成或肯定，則僅需要把so 放于句首，其后用正常語(yǔ)序。如：
①…She has done a good job. 她干得不錯(cuò)
…Yes, so she has. 是的，的確不錯(cuò)
②…He came to school late yesterday.他昨天上學(xué)遲到了。
…So he did. 他的確遲到了
③…It is very hot today. 今天天氣真熱
…So it is. 是啊，的確很熱
高考題例：
…David has made great progress recently.
…_______, and ______. （1997上海高考）
A. So he has，so you have
B. So he has，so have you
C. So has he，so have you
D. So has he，so you have
分析：
此題前一空考查的是對(duì)上文的肯定；第二個(gè)空考查同樣的情況也適合你。
答案：B
7. survive v. 繼續(xù)生存或存在；比…長(zhǎng)命；經(jīng)歷（某事）；幸存
⑴Of the four people in the car accident, only one survived.
在車禍中的四個(gè)人中，只有一個(gè)人幸存
⑵Many customs have survived from earlier times.
許多風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣源源流長(zhǎng)
⑶Life is hard at the moment, but we’re surviving.
目前生活艱難，但我們正在掙扎求生
⑷The old lady has survived her husband.
那老婦人的丈夫先她而去世了
⑸He felt lucky to have survived the war.
經(jīng)歷那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后能幸存下來(lái)他感到很幸運(yùn)
* survivor 為名詞，意為“幸存者”
如：
The film Titanic is based on an experience of a survivor.
電影《泰坦尼克號(hào)》是根據(jù)一個(gè)幸存者的經(jīng)歷而攝制的
高考題例：
In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _____. （2001上海高考）
A. have survived
B. are to survive
C. would survive
D. will survive
分析：
be to do表示將來(lái)注定要發(fā)生。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，故C、D都不能選。
8. lie vi.
lie lay lain lying 平躺，位于
lie lied lied lying 撒謊
lay laid laid laying 產(chǎn)下，放置
⑴The corpse lay face down in a pool of blood.
尸體俯臥在血泊中。
⑵The letter lay open on his desk.
那信攤開(kāi)在他的書桌上
⑶The hen laid two eggs.
母雞產(chǎn)下兩個(gè)雞蛋
⑷Korea lies to the east of China.
朝鮮位于中國(guó)的東部
⑸I laid the book on the chair.
我把書放在椅子上
⑹There is a dog lying at his master’s feet.
主人的腳旁邊臥著條狗
⑺She lied to me two days ago.
兩天前，她向我撒了謊
* 習(xí)語(yǔ)：lie to sb.向某人撒謊
lie in one’s teeth/ throat 睜著眼睛說(shuō)瞎話，扯彌天大謊
lie one’s way into/ out of sth 撒謊以求一逞或擺脫困境
9. It be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/ who + 其他成分
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)等成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞，可以用that或who(whom)連接其他成分；被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人以外的詞，例如表示事物、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞，用that連接其他成分。例如我們可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)下列句子的主語(yǔ)（如⑴）、賓語(yǔ)（如⑵）、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)（如⑶）及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如⑷）
I met Peter in Japan last year.
⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year.
⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year.
⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.
⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.
* not …until 也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
例１
Mr. Brown didn’t come back until eleven o’clock.
可變?yōu)椋篒t was not until eleven o’clock that Mr. Brown came back.
例2
The rain didn’t stop until midnight.
可變?yōu)椋篒t was not until midnight that the rain stopped.
* not …until 也可變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句
例１
It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.
可變?yōu)椋篧hen was it that the PRC was founded?
例2
Your dad worked in this factory two years ago.
可變?yōu)椋篧here was it that your dad worked two years ago?
10. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難
其中的(in) doing sth.不可改為to do sth.；其中的difficulty 是不可數(shù)名詞, 前面可以用some/ no/ little/ much等詞修飾.
Eg.
⑴We had no difficulty in finding the hospital.
我們毫不費(fèi)勁地找到了這所醫(yī)院.
⑵Did you have any difficulty in carrying the plan?
你們執(zhí)行計(jì)劃有苦難嗎
⑶She has little difficulty in learning maths.
她學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)幾乎沒(méi)什么困難
⑷I had much difficulty in talking with the foreigner.
我用英語(yǔ)同老外交談很費(fèi)勁
還可用下列句型表達(dá) “做某事有困難”：
have trouble (in) doing sth.
There be difficulty in doing sth.
do sth. with/ without difficulty
⑴There is some difficulty in teaching pupils Japanese.
教小學(xué)生日語(yǔ)有困難
⑵He had a little difficulty in solving the problem.
解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，他有一點(diǎn)困難
⑶Tom climbed the tree without difficulty.
湯姆毫不費(fèi)勁地爬上了樹(shù)
注：
當(dāng)difficulty指籠統(tǒng)概念時(shí)，即“困難、費(fèi)力”為不可數(shù)名詞（如以上例句），當(dāng)它指具體的“難事、困難”時(shí)用作可數(shù)名詞。如：
We’ll meet with all kinds of difficulties.
我們會(huì)遇到各種困難
11. bring in: introduce, harvest, get money or income引進(jìn)，收獲
⑴Country music has become big business. It brings in 300 million dollars a year.
鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)發(fā)展成為一項(xiàng)商業(yè)，每年盈利3億美元。
⑵They have brought in experts to advise on the project.
他們已請(qǐng)來(lái)專家當(dāng)這項(xiàng)工程的顧問(wèn)
⑶Farmers in the south have brought in good crops this year.
南方的農(nóng)民今年收獲了莊稼
⑷Don’t bring him in. He’ll do nothing to help.
別把他扯進(jìn)來(lái)，他幫不上什么忙
⑸They brought in some words from their own languages.
他們把自己語(yǔ)言中的一些詞語(yǔ)帶了進(jìn)來(lái)
其他相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：
bring sth. about使（某事）發(fā)生
bring sth. down 降低或減少…，使…（從空中）落下
bring sth. up 培養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)育某人，嘔吐
bring …and …together 促使(爭(zhēng)執(zhí)雙方)和解
bring out生產(chǎn)出,出版
⑴The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system..
自用黨人想要改變選舉制度
⑵The prices have been brought.
價(jià)格已經(jīng)下降了
⑶Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她小時(shí)侯父母就去世了,是由她姑姑養(yǎng)大的
⑷An enemy fighter was brought down.
一架敵機(jī)被擊落了
⑸The loss of their son brought the parents together.
雙方因失去兒子而言歸于好
⑹He brought out his lunch just now.
他剛剛把吃進(jìn)去的午飯吐出來(lái)了
⑺New personal computers are brought out almost daily.
幾乎每天都有個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)推出
12. except:
表示同類別事物中除去若干,常與no,all,none,nothing,everything等包含全部的詞連用, 位于句首時(shí)不用except,常用except for; 它后面可接介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞、不定式以及that, when, where等引導(dǎo)的從句(except for不能這樣用)
except for:
指不同類別的事情或性質(zhì)不同的事情,或表示某人/物 在總體上是好的,只是其中的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或某個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)不盡人意
eg.
⑴Except for Li Ming, they are all workers.
除了李明之外,他們都是工人
⑵Everybody except John was able to answer the question.
除了約翰之外,每個(gè)人都回答出了問(wèn)題
⑶The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名詞不同類)
這個(gè)房間空空的,只不過(guò)有把破椅子
⑷I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan.
我對(duì)他一無(wú)所知,只是知道他來(lái)自日本
⑸She goes to school by bike except when it rains.
她騎自行車去上學(xué),除了下雨時(shí)不騎
⑹He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,則后面接不帶to的不定式)
他只好走著回家了
=He had no choice but to walk home.( except前若沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,則后面接帶to的不定式)
高考題例:
I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing. (2000上海高考)
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D.besides
分析：
except for與except that同義，但except for后不能接句子，后句“she is from Beijing”是一個(gè)完整的陳述句，故用except that連接，that不作成分。
答案：C
*besides: (prep.) “除…之外還有”，常與also, else, other等詞連用。如：
⑴Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football.
除了網(wǎng)球之外，他還打籃球和踢足球。
⑵I have three other dictionaries besides this one.
除了這本詞典，我還有三本別的詞典。
*besides: (adv.) 此外，而且
⑴I haven’t time to see the film-----besides, it’s had dreadful reviews.
我沒(méi)有時(shí)間去看這部影片，再說(shuō)，影評(píng)也諸多貶斥。
⑵I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late.
我太忙不去散步了，而且時(shí)候已晚了。
13. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ：常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨動(dòng)作、行為方式及原因、條件或結(jié)果等情況。
with + 賓語(yǔ) +prep./adj./ adv./ doing/ to do(表示要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作)/done（表示動(dòng)作的完成及被動(dòng)）
⑴She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)
她經(jīng)常開(kāi)著窗戶睡覺(jué)。
⑵He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)
他手里拿著本書進(jìn)來(lái)了
⑶She felt scared with so many people looking at her. （doing）
這么多人看著她，她感到害怕。
⑷He was brought in with his hands tied back.. (done)
他雙手綁在身后被帶了進(jìn)來(lái)
⑸With everything bought, he left the market. (done)
買完了所需要的東西之后，他離開(kāi)了市場(chǎng)
⑹The king came in, with all his servants following him. (doing)
國(guó)王進(jìn)來(lái)了，身后跟著所有的仆人。
⑺With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .
由于沒(méi)有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步
⑻He left his room with the light on. (adv.)
他離開(kāi)了房間，燈亮著
高考題例1：
With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002上海高考)
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
分析：
因后句的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，“新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)將要度過(guò)一段艱難的時(shí)光”，故用“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”表示將來(lái)要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作。
答案：C
高考題例2：
_____two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004北京高考)
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
分析：
根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)采用“with +賓語(yǔ)+不定式”
答案：A
14. a great / good many
修飾可數(shù)名詞，它的后面不能接of短語(yǔ)，但當(dāng)名詞前有the, these, those, my, 等詞時(shí)，需加上介詞of
⑴A great many students like the movie.
好多學(xué)生喜歡這部電影
⑵We have read a good many books.
我們讀過(guò)許多書籍
⑶He has read a great many of the novels in this library.
他已讀了圖書館中的許多書
⑷A good many of his books were bought from this bookstore.
他的許多書是從這個(gè)書店里買的
其他表示“許多”的短語(yǔ)：
many a +單數(shù)名詞
a (large/great) number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
plenty of +不可數(shù)名詞／復(fù)數(shù)名詞
quite a few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
a great deal of +不可數(shù)名詞
a large amount of +不可數(shù)名詞
⑴Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.
很多堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人面對(duì)這種困難都動(dòng)搖了
⑵A number of people have read this magazine.
好多人看過(guò)這本雜志
⑶There were quite a few copies sold on the first day.
第一天就賣了好多本
⑷She spent a great deal of money on clothes.
她花了許多錢買衣服
⑸They have a large amount of work to do.
他們有大量的工作要做
⑹There’s plenty of rain in my hometown.
我的家鄉(xiāng)雨水大
⑺There are plenty of eggs in the basket.
籃子里有許多雞蛋
15. have a good knowledge of …了解，懂得，掌握
have no knowledge of…不知道，不了解
to one’s knowledge 據(jù)…所知
without the knowledge of在…不知道的情況下
come to sb’s knowledge 被某人知悉
⑴I have a good knowledge of Chinese history.
我通曉中國(guó)歷史
⑵A baby has no knowledge of good and evil.
嬰兒不知善惡
⑶He sold the car without his wife’s knowledge.
他瞞著妻子把汽車賣了
⑷To my knowledge, she has never been late before.
據(jù)我所知，她從來(lái)沒(méi)遲到過(guò)
⑸It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating the company.
據(jù)我們了解你一直欺騙公司
高考題例：
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ____ good knowledge of basic word formation. （2002上海高考）
A. /
B. the
C. a
D. one
分析：
knowledge為不可數(shù)名詞，但若有形容詞修飾，則加不定冠詞a
答案：C
16. consider
①考慮 consider sth./ doing
He is considering going abroad.
他正考慮出國(guó)。
I’m considering changing my job.
我在考慮換工作。
I will consider your offer and tell you my decision tomorrow.
對(duì)你的提議我要考慮一下，明天告訴你我的決定。
②想，認(rèn)為
+ 賓語(yǔ)+（to be）+ adj./ n.
consider + 賓語(yǔ)+ as + n./adj.
+ that 從句
I consider it a great honor.
我認(rèn)為這是件很榮幸的事情。
We consider money (to be) important.
我們認(rèn)為金錢是重要的。
We all consider him loyal to his friends.
我們都認(rèn)為他對(duì)朋友忠誠(chéng)。
We consider it important to learn a foreign language.
我們認(rèn)為再學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)非常重要。
Lincoln was considered one of the greatest presidents in American history.
林肯被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。
We all consider that you did a good deed.
我們都認(rèn)為你做了件好事。
I don’t consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
我認(rèn)為下午不會(huì)天晴。
③consideration n. 考慮
considering prep. 考慮到，鑒于
considerable adj. 相當(dāng)大的
The question is worthy of consideration.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得考慮。
She is very active, considering her age.
考慮到她的年齡，她很活躍了。
A considerable number of people object to the policy of the government.
相當(dāng)多的人反對(duì)政府這一政策。
④take sth. into consideration 對(duì)某事加以考慮
under consideration 在考慮中
out of consideration 未加考慮
When marking Tom’s exam papers, the teacher took his long illness into consideration.
批改湯姆的試卷時(shí)，老師考慮到了他長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的生病。
There is one important fact that has been out of consideration.
有一重要事實(shí)未考慮到。
高考鏈接
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案：Ｃ
分析：
該句為 consider sb. to do 的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，即 be considered to do, 同時(shí)要注意不定式的時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)椤鞍l(fā)明電腦”發(fā)生在“認(rèn)為”之前，故不定式用完成時(shí)。
17. means n.
a)手段，方法 （單復(fù)數(shù)同形）
a means of transport/ communication
運(yùn)輸工具／通訊工具
The quickest means of travel is by air.
最快捷的旅行方式是乘飛機(jī)。
All possible means have been tried.
一切可能的辦法都已經(jīng)被嘗試過(guò)了。
b)by means of 用，依靠
by all means 一定，務(wù)必，當(dāng)然
by no means 決不，并未
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
她不會(huì)說(shuō)話，但手勢(shì)表達(dá)了她的愿望。
He succeeded by means of perseverance.
他靠毅力獲得了成功。
By all means I must visit my sick friend.
我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。
I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.
我決不能假裝對(duì)這種行為表示滿意。
---May I stay at home from school? 我可以呆在家里不去上學(xué)嗎？
---By no means. 絕對(duì)不行。
c)辨析：means, method, way
三個(gè)詞均表示“方法”，means指為達(dá)到一個(gè)目的或產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果而采用的方法、手段，way是最普通常用的詞，method 強(qiáng)調(diào)解決某個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法，三個(gè)詞與介詞搭配一般為：by the means/ in the way/ with the method
18. experience
a)c.n. 經(jīng)歷，閱歷
How many interesting experiences do you have?
你有多少有趣的經(jīng)歷？
Our travel by camel was an unforgettable experience.
我們騎駱駝的旅行是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。
b)u.n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)
She has so much experience of teaching.
她有豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
I know from experience that he will be late.
就我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷他會(huì)來(lái)晚的。
c)v. 經(jīng)歷，感覺(jué)，感受，體驗(yàn)
Have you experienced an earthquake?
你有沒(méi)有體驗(yàn)過(guò)地震？
For the first time, we experienced defeat.
我們第一次遭遇失敗。
d)experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，熟練的
He is experienced in hunting.
他打獵很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
The factory is in need of experienced workers.
這個(gè)工廠需要熟練工人。
19. protect
a)v. 保衛(wèi)，保護(hù)
We’re having good holidays while soldiers are protecting our country.
我們?cè)谛腋５叵硎芗倨冢勘鴤儏s在保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)。
There’re fewer animals. It’s important for us to protect them.
動(dòng)物們?cè)絹?lái)越少，對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)保護(hù)他們很重要。
b)protect---from/against--- 保護(hù)---使不受，防御
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴著太陽(yáng)鏡以遮擋強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
他舉起手臂擋住臉躲過(guò)了這一擊。
Villagers planted lots of trees to protect soil from being washed away.
村民們種了許多樹(shù)防止水土流失。
c)protection n. 保護(hù)，防御
under the protection of
在---的保護(hù)下
The hat will give protection against the sun.
這頂帽子可遮陽(yáng)。
The chicks are under the protection of the hen.
小雞們?cè)谀鸽u的保護(hù)下。
20. separate
a)v. 分隔，分離 （常與from連用）
You’d better separate the bad apples from the good ones.
你最好把壞蘋果同好蘋果分開(kāi)。
Many families got separated during the war.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，很多家庭妻離子散。
At this point, the satellite separates from its launcher.
此時(shí)，衛(wèi)星就脫離發(fā)射器。
It’s the children who suffer when their parents separate.
父母分居時(shí)受罪的是孩子。
b)adj. 分開(kāi)的，獨(dú)立的，不同的
David and I have been separated for six months and we have been sleeping in separate bedrooms. 我和大衛(wèi)分居６個(gè)月了，我們一直睡在各自的臥室里。
He tries to keep his professional life separate from his private life.
他盡量把他的職場(chǎng)生活和私人生活完全分開(kāi)。
c)separate, divide separate著重指把原來(lái)結(jié)合在一起的、混合在一起的事物或人分開(kāi)或隔離，divide著重指將整體分成若干部分。
The whole class was divided into five groups.
全班分成了５組。
England is separated from France by the Channel.
英法兩國(guó)由英吉利海峽隔開(kāi)。
21. watch out
a)當(dāng)心，注意，常與for連用
watch out for sb./ sth. (to do)
You can’t learn English well without watching out for idiomatic ways of saying things. 如果不注意講話中的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式，你就學(xué)不好英語(yǔ)。
Watch out for a chance to improve your position in the company；they don’t come very often. 要注意抓住提高你在公司地位的機(jī)會(huì)，這種機(jī)會(huì)并不多。
I’m always watching out for mistakes that I may have missed before.
我總是警惕過(guò)去可能沒(méi)有注意到的錯(cuò)誤。
b)Watch it! = Watch out!
watch over 照看，看守
Watch it! You nearly knocked into the car.
當(dāng)心，你差點(diǎn)撞到那輛車上。
22. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法
a)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來(lái)安排好的活動(dòng)或事件,常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play等，并常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
We’re spending next winter in Australia.
我們將在澳大利亞度過(guò)明年冬天。
How many of you are making the trip?
你們中有多少人去旅行？
We’re having a party in our house tonight.
今晚我們?cè)诩依镩_(kāi)茶話會(huì)。
b)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與副詞always, often, constantly, forever, continually等連用，表示說(shuō)話人一種強(qiáng)烈的情感。
He is always helping people.
他總是幫助別人。（贊揚(yáng)）
She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.
她總是向人借錢而忘記還人家。（不滿）
高考鏈接
I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I _____ my mum. (2002北京)
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. take
D. will have taken
答案：A
分析：
此處運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
同步練習(xí)：
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. ---I hear Bill likes playing basketball.
---Yes, ________, and _______.
A. he does；so like me
B. he is；either do I
C. so he does；so do I
D. he does so；so am I
2. These math problems are _______ difficult for me. Could you please help me out?
A. much too
B. too much
C. very much
D. such
3. ---Do you know which team won the game?
---I don’t know, ______.
A. nor do I care
B. nor I care
C. neither will I care
D. I don’t care, too
4. Although the little girl was ______ at home, she didn’t feel _____ at all.
A. alone, lonely
B. lonely, alone
C. alone, alone
D. lonely, lonely
5. One day Chuck is ______ a flight _____ the Pacific Ocean ______ suddenly his plane crashes.
A. in, over, while
B. on, across, when
C. with, through, when
D. on , across, while
6. Was ______ in this place that he saved the boy?
A. that
B. it
C. he
D. this
7. Helen and Linda were introduced to each other _______ at a party.
A. for the first time
B. the first time
C. all the time
D. for some time
8. What was it ______ you found in the hole?
A. that
B. which
C. and
D. this
9. Make yourself ______ home and help yourself ______ anything that you’d like to eat.
A. in, with
B. at , to
C. at, with
D. in, to
10. The _______ of students are against your plan.
A. most
B. many
C. number
D. majority
11. A great ______ of foreign guests come to out school for a visit every year.
A. deal
B. number
C. plenty
D. lot
12. The house is beautifully built ______ its chimney.
A. except
B. except for
C. besides
D. except that
13. He ran out with his face ______ in hands.
A. bury
B. burying
C. buried
D. to bury
14. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.
A. a, /
B. the, an
C. the, the
D. /, the
15. All possible means ______ been tried.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
二、完形填空
Like most July days, it was hot. I stepped into a tiny ice-cream shop to cool off with a chocolate ice-cream. It was a very 1 store with little round tables and chairs.
As I entered, I found a very old woman bent over a 2 near the door. Her back was so
3 twisted by some misfortune that her face nearly 4 the tabletop. I sat down 5 her a couple of tables away.
“Poor woman, ” I thought. “What does she 6 life ? Why does God let people live so long past their prime（鼎盛時(shí)）?”
As I thought, another 7 lady entered the shop and sat down with her. Soon the two of them were 8 childhood days. They talked of how little the shop had changed in 70 years. In minutes, the two of them were shaking with 9 .
I looked again at the first woman, then in the 10 on a nearby wall, catching a picture of myself. I was 11 a dirty shirt. She was well dressed in white, her 12 carefully made up and her hands shining with gold rings. I was 13 . She was laughing, smiling. I was putting the 14 of my life together . She had millions of 15 memories to recall. I sat alone. She was 16 the day with a good friend. 17 I was worried about getting old. She was old, but it wasn’t 18 her. As I left the shop, I 19 my foolish question about God letting people live past their prime. Why , that woman was more 20 , more sensitive to life, than I was. Age has not bent her spirit.
1. A. different B. modern C. pretty D. old-time
2. A. computer B. cushion C. table D. customer
3. A. badly B. suddenly C. actually D. fully
4. A. broke B. touched C .hit D. knocked
5. A. facing B. leaving C. following D. serving
6. A. devote to B. get out of C. learn about D. keep away from
7. A. aged B. married C. dated D. Separated
8. A. speaking of B. talking about C. thinking over D. planning for
9. A. food B. fear C. cold D. laughter
10. A. newspaper B. window C. mirror D. picture
11. A. dressing B. wearing C. putting on D. having on
12. A. face B. neck C. back D. head
13. A. happy B. surprised C. poor D. sad
14. A. periods B. pieces C. points D. goals
15. A. terrible B. difficult C. wonderful D. fresh
16. A. sharing B. spending C. taking D. sparing
17. A. In public B. As a result C. Above all D. In secret
18. A. pleasing B. hurting C. envying D. punishing
19. A. realized B. wondered C. gave up D. thought of
20. A. alive B. changeable C. hopeful D. interesting
三、單詞拼寫
1. It’s a great ______(挑戰(zhàn)) for Tom to open his own business.
2. A land which is surrounded by water is called an _______(島).
3. If you were alone on the island, what would you do in order to _______(活下來(lái)).
4. We are good friends though sometimes we have different ideas and _____(爭(zhēng)論) about them.
5. Tony is _____(喜歡) of pop music but I prefer classical music.
6. Jane and Betty are going on _______(各自的) holidays in May.
7. Nowadays the ________(大多數(shù)) of people in Shenzhen speak Putonghua.
8. When he came in, I was having a bath in the _______(浴室).
9. He has traveled to many places. Do you know his next ______(目的地)？
10. Can you ________(想象) that we are living on the moon?
四、短文改錯(cuò)
Yesterday we got a call from a mid-aged man who 1. _________
name was George. He called us to say his washing machine 2. _________
had bought in our shop two months ago wasn’t as 3. _________
well as he had read from our advertisement. The 4. _________
machines works with a plenty of noises；the pipe 5. _________
leaks and the worst thing is that sometimes they doesn’t 6. _________
work at all. Therefore, he hoped that a repairman could 7. _________
sent as soon as possibly or the machine could be 8. _________
exchanged if it couldn’t be repaired. He doesn’t hope his machine 9. _________
bought in our shop would take him any more trouble. 10. _________
答案與提示：
一、1. C 前一空為肯定回答,不倒裝;后一空表示”我也如此”,倒裝。
2. A much too后加形容詞或副詞。
3. A nor引起倒裝句，表示與否定情況相同。
4. A alone獨(dú)自一人，lonely孤獨(dú)的。
5. B be on a flight在飛行中，across表示穿越，when就在這時(shí)。
6. B 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)式。
7. A 表示第---次做什么用for the ---time。
8. A 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中定語(yǔ)從句用that引起。
9. B make oneself at home 別拘束，隨便一點(diǎn)；help oneself to sth. 隨便吃或用。
10. D the majority of students= most of the students= most students
11. B a large number of 修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
12. B except for排除的是主語(yǔ)的一部分，表示整體中的個(gè)例。
13. C with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，bury與face 為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞。
14. A 第一空用a抽象名詞具體化，表示某一方面的知識(shí)；第二空泛指國(guó)際貿(mào)易，不用冠詞。
15. D means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，由all可知此處為復(fù)數(shù)。
二、1. D 根據(jù)后文的“how little the shop had changed in 70 years”。
2. C 她應(yīng)該是彎腰坐在門邊的桌旁。
3. A 表示程度，背駝得很厲害。
4. B 由于背駝得厲害，以至于臉差點(diǎn)接觸到桌面。
5. A 根據(jù)后文，我一直關(guān)注著她的一舉一動(dòng)，所以應(yīng)試面對(duì)她。
6. B 我十分可憐她，心想她這一輩子從生活中得到了什么。
7. A 這兩位都是老太太，很好的朋友。
8. B 朋友相聚，談?wù)撆f日時(shí)光。
9. D 回憶過(guò)去，十分溫馨，而由shaking可知，他們?cè)陂_(kāi)懷大笑。
10. C 我看見(jiàn)了自己，因此應(yīng)是鏡子。
11. B 表狀態(tài)，用wear,且常用于進(jìn)行時(shí)中。
12. A made up表示化妝，因此應(yīng)為face。
13. D 此處有多組句子將我和老太太進(jìn)行對(duì)比，下句為”she was laughing”,因此我應(yīng)是sad。
14. B pieces of my life 表示我生活的片段，暗示我支離破碎的生活。
15. C 同上句形成對(duì)比。
16. A 強(qiáng)調(diào)分享。
17. D 雖然我很年輕，但我很悲觀，暗自擔(dān)心變老
18. B hurt在此表示未對(duì)她造成影響。
19. D 離開(kāi)時(shí)我再次想起了開(kāi)始我問(wèn)上帝的那個(gè)問(wèn)題，下文中也有進(jìn)一步的感悟。
20. A alive與aged形成鮮明對(duì)比，達(dá)到最佳表現(xiàn)效果。
三、1. challenge 2. island 3. survive 4. argue 5. fond
6. separate 7. majority 8. bathroom 9. destination 10. imagine
四、1. who----whose whose在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，修飾name
2. 正確
3. 去掉had “bought in our shop two months ago” 在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。
4. well----good good作be的表語(yǔ)，所以用形容詞。
5. 去掉a plenty of “許多”，固定短語(yǔ)，前面不可以加冠詞。
6. they----it it指代上文中提到的his washing machine
7. could后加be 此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
8. possibly----possible as soon as possible “盡可能快”，固定短語(yǔ)
9. doesn’t---didn’t 這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
10. take---bring 此處意思為“帶來(lái)麻煩”。