高 二 英 語（第24講）

主講：鄭天德 （蘇州中學(xué)）

[教學(xué)內(nèi)容與目的要求]

一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：

高中英語第二冊（下）

二、教學(xué)要求：

1、掌握本單元的單詞，詞組與句型。

2、學(xué)會幾句常用口語：

If I got the money, I would go to visit Silicon Valley. 如果我有錢的話，要去硅谷看看。

I’d like to buy a PS(Ⅱ). 我想要買一臺PS(Ⅱ)。

I wish/want/intend

I plan to write a program against rubbish mails. 我計(jì)劃編一個(gè)阻擋垃圾郵件的程序。

I hope to be an astronaut when I grow up. 我希望長大成為一個(gè)宇航員。

I’m thinking of how to predict tsunami. 我正在考慮怎樣預(yù)報(bào)海嘯。

3、語法：構(gòu)詞法⑴

[知識重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)]

一、重要單詞：

solar giant leap constitution hi-tech support daily achieve economic zone private institute perfect arrange failure agency organ rejuvenate breakthrough impressive announce genome evolution byte humanoid element strategy

二、重要詞組：

set foot (in/on) 到達(dá)，踏上 have an effect on/upon 對……產(chǎn)生影響/作用

rely on 依賴，信任 come to life 活躍起來，蘇醒

Silicon Valley 硅谷 aim at 對……瞄準(zhǔn)

[難點(diǎn)講解]

1、Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in the northwestern Beijing.

無論中國將會有什么樣的偉大成就，其中許多很有可能誕生在北京西北部。

in store (for) 意為準(zhǔn)備好的，儲藏著的，轉(zhuǎn)義為就要發(fā)生之意：

There are better days in store for you.

The future will have tsunami in store for the bay area again.

這里likely常可用possible與probable代之：

It is probable/possible/likely that he will do very well in this field.

這里probable指多半有可能，可能性最大，而likely也可不用形式主語：

Are you likely to be in Silicon Valley this year?

An accident is likely to happen on the stormy day.

還可作副詞：

They’ll very likely come by car.

probably

2、Within the next ten years, more than a hundred scientific and hi-tech companies moved into the area and new hi-tech centers developed around the original Zhongguancun Garden.

近十年內(nèi)，一百多家高科技公司搬時(shí)了這個(gè)地區(qū)，新的高科技中心在原來的中關(guān)村園區(qū)四周發(fā)展起來。

within與in，inside指空間時(shí)，基本同義：

Within/Inside/In the empty house all was quiet.

但WithinInside the walls of this house lies a secret.

He waited, just inside/within the door of the store.

這里指門后，墻后的房子里，in無此意。

距離之內(nèi)只用within：

The school in within five midis from here..

一些用法注意點(diǎn)：

Let’s go inside the house. （不可用within及in）

into

Come inside/in, Anne. （不可用within）

I could hear from within the building.

inside

The door was suddenly opened from within. （from之后不可用in）

inside.

用于時(shí)間有“之后”意義，而within，inside強(qiáng)調(diào)之內(nèi)：

I should be back within/偶或inside an hour. 我一小時(shí)內(nèi)趕回來。

I shall be back in an hour. 我一小時(shí)后回來。

3、Zhongguancun made it possible for him to follow his dreams and help the country he loves.

中關(guān)村使他有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想同時(shí)為他所熱愛的祖國出力。

這里it是形式賓語，真正賓語是不定式for him to follow …，看其他例子：

Serious air pollution makes it necessary for the government to control the growing number of cars.

A terrorist group made it clear that they were responsible for the church bombing.

I feel it my duty to help every student.

She found it no good telling him the truth.

follow one’s dream 實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想

realize

fulfill

4、Yufang talked to some friends from his university in Beijing and they helped arrange for his return.

裕方曾經(jīng)和他在北京的大學(xué)朋友們談過，他們幫助裕方安排了回國事宜。

arrange是個(gè)常用詞，v.t.或v.i.，作安排解：

又例：

v.t. He has arranged a taxi for me.

Before going away, he arranged(for) his business affairs.

Martin arranged to meet him next day. （不定式作賓語）

I’ve arranged for a car to pick them up at the airport. （for … to …不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語）

She arranged that Helen should come in to help us at times. （從句作賓語）

v.i. He’ll arrange about that for me.

I arranged with the bank for the mortgage. （抵押貸款）

We arranged with Class 6 to play a game of football.

5、It was wonderful, like a dream come true. 這太棒了，就像夢想成真似的。

這里like是連詞=as if，口語用法：

He sounded like he’d only just woken up.

as if

Sam played with the children like he was one of them.

as if

課文中

like a dream come true = like a dream had come true可看作口語省去助動(dòng)詞had。

6、Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.

中關(guān)村無論對商業(yè)還是對科學(xué)都產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。

have an effect on 對……有影響

又例：

It had such a bad effect upon him. 這事對他有了那么壞的影響。

Some films have a misleading effect on kids.

The acid had no effect on the metal. 酸對這種金屬不起作用。

7、As Yufang puts it: “We are not making that much money yet, but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguancun.”

正如裕方所說：“我們現(xiàn)在沒有掙那么多錢，但我們?yōu)槌錆M活力的新技術(shù)與杰出的思維而萬分激動(dòng)。”

這里put意為表達(dá)，說出等，又例：

Let me put that in simpler words. 讓我簡明地說說那事。

She is -- how shall I put it? -- not exactly fat, but rather well–built for her age.

她-我該怎樣講清楚呢？-不是真胖，而是就她年齡來說夠壯實(shí)了。

8、The success is no accident. 成功決非偶然。

這里accident不是事故，而是偶然之意：

It was just an accident that I found the missing letter.

Last time I ran across her by accident. 上次我遇到她純屬偶然。

9、It seems to be love at first byte for China and computers. 中國與計(jì)算機(jī)好象是一見鐘情。

“一見”一般場合下譯為at first sight，因?yàn)榫渲刑峒坝?jì)算機(jī)就把sight改為byte，成了好句子！又如：

At first byte he fell in love with the QQ girl.

10、Recently, the effect of computers and the Internet has given rise to the idea that we are living in the “Information Age”.

近來計(jì)算機(jī)與因特網(wǎng)的作用使我們覺得生活在“信息時(shí)代”。

give rise to引起：

Lots of farmers’ losing land has given rise to various problems.

The late war, as we all know, gave rise to booming business.

The bad working conditions gave rise to the idea that they were Chinese black slaves.

11、benefit v.（使）獲益 n.利益，好處

n. Did you get much benefit from your holiday?

Building subways has brought many benefits to our national economy.

v.t. Rain will benefit the crops.

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

v.i. I benefited from my father’s advice.

He will benefit from the new way of doing business. 偶爾也可用by代替from.

12、time前置介詞的用法：

譯為時(shí)刻前置at

at the same time 同時(shí) at that time 那時(shí)

at a time 一次 at one time 同時(shí)，曾經(jīng)

at times 有時(shí)

作“時(shí)代”解時(shí)介詞用in

in modern times 在現(xiàn)代 in Shakespeare’s time 在莎士比亞時(shí)代

[語法] 構(gòu)詞法⑴

一、加后綴（suffix）：改變詞性。

1、名詞n. -- 形容詞a.

- ful care - careful beauty - beautiful

- less（反義詞尾） home - homeless word - wordless

- y rain - rainy hill - hilly

- en gold - golden wood - wooden

- ly friend - friendly day - daily

- al nation - national nature - natural

- ish child - childish （孩子氣的） book - bookish（書生氣的）

woman - womanish （娘娘腔的）

-an America - American Europe - European

-ous danger - dangerous fame - famous

2、動(dòng)詞v. -- 形容詞a.

-able eat - eatable（可吃的） change - changeable（可變的）

-ive act - active attract - attractive

-ent depend - dependent obey - obedient

3、形容詞a. -- 名詞n.

-ness kind - kindness careless - carelessness cold - coldness

-th long - length strong - strength true - truth young - youth

-ce patient - patience distant - distance important - importance

absent - absence

-ty safe - safety certain - certainty

-ity real - reality possible - possibility

4、動(dòng)詞v. -- 名詞n.

-tion act - action inform - information

-sion decide - decision conclude - conclusion revise - revision

discuss - discussion

-ment develop - development achieve - achievement

-al arrive - arrival refuse - refusal bury - burial

5、形容詞a. -- 副詞ad.

-ly quick - quickly happy - happily

6、動(dòng)詞a. -- 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者n.

-er work - worker kill - killer write - writer

-or invent - inventor sail - sailor visit - visitor

-ar beg - beggar peddle叫賣 - pedlar 小販（peddler）

7、形容詞或名詞--動(dòng)詞v.

-en deep - deepen （加深） short - shorten（縮短）

strength - strengthen（加強(qiáng)）

-ize organ - organize real - realize modern - modernize

唯一改變詞性的前綴（prefix）en-：

enlarge (v.放大) enable (v.使能夠) encourage (v.鼓勵(lì))

同步練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇：

1、He is ________ to go abroad for advanced study.

A. possible B. maybe C. likely D. probable

2、I am able to write such a difficult program ________ a week.

A. for B. within C. in D. through

3、The old man stayed ________ the door of his bedroom for nearly a week. Choose the wrong answer:

A. inside B. in C. within D. behind

4、I’ll arrange ________ the lecture next Thursday.

A. him to give B. him for C. him giving D. for him to give

5、Tears came to his eyes when he _______ his motherland.

A. set foot on B. set his foot in C. set feet in D. set feet on

6、Water pollution has given ______ the growing number of patients with cancer in this area.

A. raise to B. rise in C. raise in D. rise to

7、His invention _________ the whole world.

A. benefited B. benefited from C. was benefited by D. was benefited from

8、You can _______ Max to do whatever he has promised.

A. trust on B. rely in C. rely on D. believe in

9、He put _______ a good plan for the spring outing at the class meeting.

A. up B. forward C. toward D. on

10、That he is able to do anything means he has all-round ________.

A. ableness B. ability C. ablety D. able power

二、閱讀理解

“Wash every day, and you’ll die young, my son,” People often said those words long ago, of course.

Napoleon’s wife had new clothes every month, instead of a bath. (“It’s quicker,” she always said). Rich people did not often have a bath. They washed their hands and faces, but not their bodies. Many poor people did not wash at all. A young man once said to a doctor: “Soap and water have never touched my body.” (And the doctor answered, “That’s true, I know …”)

Why didn’t people wash in those days long ago?

Well, they did not have water in their houses. They carried water from rivers or from holes in the ground (=wells). Townspeople bough it from a water-carrier. Sometimes it was expensive; and soap was always expensive. They drank water, of course; and so they were clean inside. They did not think about the outside! And this is true: they just did not like a bath.

Modern life is different. We use a lot of soap and water. And we are all quite clean. However, a few people use too much soap and they often get ill. Who are these people?

Many young women work as hairdressers. They wash and then “dress” other women’s hair. That is their job, and they like it. Young hairdressers sometimes wash thirty heads on a busy day! Their hands are soapy for seven or eight hours; and that is not a good thing. A young hairdresser’s hands are often red and ugly; and she must then go to a doctor.

1、Why did Napoleon’s wife have new clothes every month, instead of a bath? Because ______.

A. she would rather not pay a lot of money for soap and water

B. she cared more for new clothes than for anything else

C. she thought it was easier for her to have new clothes than to have a bath

D. she thought it was not necessary for her to take a bath once a month

2、Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. People didn’t wash in those days.

B. Rich people often had a bath while many poor people didn’t wash at all.

C. Water was hard to get at that time.

D. People didn’t like a bath long ago.

3、The underlined word hairdressers means persons who __________.

A. shape women’s hair into a style

B. cut off women’s hair

C. cut men’s hair

D. wash others’ hair and change its colour

4、According to this article, too much soap and water can ________.

A. make people quite clean outside

B. make people ill

C. make modern life better

D. make people live longer

5、The writer of the article thinks that __________.

A. Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world

B. civilization has existed for several thousand years

C. modern civilization sometimes brings about a bad effect

D. civilizations rise and fall

參考答案

一、1、C 2、B 3、B 4、D 5、A 6、D 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、B

二、1、C 2、B 3、A 4、B 5、C