The Subjunctive Mood

英語(yǔ)中的三種語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其中虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種與事實(shí)相反的主觀愿望、猜測(cè)、建議或假想等。if條件句與主句的動(dòng)詞變化形式：

1.If 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬形式：

虛擬語(yǔ)氣 If條件句 主句

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（若動(dòng)詞為be用were） should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had＋過(guò)去分詞 should/would/could/might+have＋過(guò)去分詞

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 1.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

2.should＋動(dòng)詞原形

3.were to＋動(dòng)詞原形 should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形

注意：

1）有時(shí)虛擬條件不用虛擬條件句表示，而用but for(要不是), without(如果沒(méi)有),otherwise或or(否則)，或通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。

Eg. But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier.

Without water, all on the earth could not live.

2)if only（要是…就好了）

Eg. If only I were your brother.

2. 主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

1)It’s important/necessary/strange/surprising/natural/desirable/ect.+that從句(謂語(yǔ)“(should)+V原”)

類似用法的形容詞還有：essential, possible, impossible, dreadful, funny等

Eg. It is important that she (should) cooperate with us.

It was unnecessary that they (should) get here so early.

2)It’s +ordered/advised/ requested/required/desired/suggested + that從句(謂語(yǔ)“(should)+V原”)

Eg. It’s ordered that the classroom(should) be kept in order.

It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rules.

It is suggested that we (should)start the work at once.

3. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

1)表示“要求”、“建議”、“命令”等意義的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（即謂語(yǔ)“(should)+V原”)

這類動(dòng)詞有：request, order,propose, command, advise, recommend, demand, suggest, insist等。

Eg. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means.

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

※注意：當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”和suggest表示“表明；暗示”時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬。

Eg. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for hi.

He insisted that he was honest.

2)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（be用were）　對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬

wish+that賓語(yǔ)從句(that常省)　　had＋過(guò)去分詞 　 對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬

　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　would +V原 　對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀愿望

eg. I wish I could fly.

I wish you would stay a little longer.

I wish I had known it before.

3)would rather+賓語(yǔ)從句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式）

Eg. I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.

4. 表語(yǔ)從句：

表示“要求”、“建議”、“命令”、“欲望”、“勸告”等動(dòng)詞派生出來(lái)的同根名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其表語(yǔ)從句要虛擬（即謂語(yǔ)“(should)+V原”），這類名詞有：suggestion, proposal,request, advice, decision, requirement等.

Eg. The old man’s request is that his children (should) give him some money to live on every month.

My suggestion is that the old houses (should) be pulled down.

5. 同位語(yǔ)從句：同位語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況與表語(yǔ)從句類似。

Eg. My wish that a teaching bulding (should) be built here will soon come true.

What do you think of Mr Li’s proposal that we (should) have a get-together next Friday?

6. It is (high) time+that從句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式）

Eg. It is time that the child went to bed.

7. 注意下列用法：

should/ought to have done

should not/ought not to have done

could/ might have done

need not have done

8. as if/though從句若情況屬實(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。否則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（現(xiàn)在情況：動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；過(guò)去情況：had＋過(guò)去分詞

It looks as if it’s going to rain.

It looks as if he had finished all his task.

9.在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句中，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were,或had, should, would等，有時(shí)可將if省略，將條件句中were,或had, should, would提到主語(yǔ)之前。

Eg. Were I (=If you were) you, I would make more notes.

Had you (= If you had) invited us, we would have come.

Exercises:

1. If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he ___ me from leaving.

A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent

C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented

2. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

3. He suggested that she ___ at once.

A. starts B. to start C. should start D. started

4. Her expression suggested that she ___ angry.

A. was B. were C. be D. should be

5. They insisted that he ___ present at the meeting.

A. was B. were C. be D. should

6. I wish I ___ you yesterday.

A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

7. --- Did you enjoy the film last night?

--- Yes, but I wish I ___ a headache.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have C. hadn’t had D. wouldn’t have

8. It is necessary that he ___ to the hospital at once.

A. should send B. be sent C. would be sent D. sent

9. My suggestion is that you ___ the party nexst weekend.

A. held B. sould hold C. should hold D. could hold

10. The leader gave orders that the work ___ before May Day.

A. finished B. be finished C. to finished D. finish.

11. Bod ___ hard, otherwise he ___ in this exam.

A. can’t have worked; wouldn’t have failed B. can’t work; wouldn’t have failed

C. mustn’t have worked; wouldn’t fail D. must have worked; would fail

12. The driver kept his head; or the accident ___.

A. would happen B. happened C. would have happened D. would be happened

13. His failure in the college entrance esam suggested that he ___ hard.

A. not study B. should not study C. study D. had not studied

14. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ___ for her.

A. had to write it out B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out

15.--- I stayed at a hotel wihile in NewYork.

--- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara.

A. would have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed

1. It was suggested that such machines ___ at once.

A. would be produced b. will be produced C. was to be produced D. be produced

2. I wish I ___ to America with you, but I AM TOO BUSY.

A. will go B. can go C. shall go D. could go

3. --- It’s raining, and I have no umbrella.

--- Here’s mine and I insist ___ it.

A. you to take B. that you take C. that you taking D. you taking

4. She went to the market early so that she ___ buy some fresh fish.

A. can B. might C. must D. should

5. Bob would rather ____.

A. working in the garden than doing his homework.

B. work in the garden than do his homework.

C. to work in the garden than to do his homework.

D. work in the garden thatn doing his homework.

6. Would you rather I ___ buying a new bike?

A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided against D. shall decide against

7. If only I ___ earlier.

A. come B. have come C. had come D. might come

8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____ your advice.

A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow

9. If we ___ yesterday , we ___ the work.

A. weren’t interrupted; would finish B. didn’t interrupt; would have finished

C. hadn’t interrupted; had finished D. hadn’t been interrupted; would have finished

10. ___, I’d have told you.

A. If I would have known it B. If I have known it C. Had I known it D. Should I know it

11. ___ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. were he to leave D. If he leaves

12. If you had not helped them, they ___ in London now.

A. would still be B. will still be C. would have still gone D. will have still gone

13. Without your help, we ___ so much.

A. will not achieve B. didn’t achieve C. don’t achieve D. would not have achieved

14. Your advice that she ___ till next week is reasonable.

A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait

15. --- What are you going to do next year?

--- I don’t know. But it’s time ____ something.

A. I decided B. I deciding C. I’ll decide D. I’d decide

16. She insisted that a doctor ___ immediately.

A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent

17. The thief closed his eyes ___ he ___ dying.

A. even if; was B. though; would be C. even; had been D. as if; were

18. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ___ their won son.

A. is B. were C. had been D. should be

19. It is strange that he ___ back so early.

A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come

20. My suggestion is that the meeting ___ of till next Sunday.

A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put

21. The teacher demanded that the exam ___ before eleven.

A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished

22. Helen doesn’t know how much I spent in repairing the house; if she ever found out, I’m sure ___.

A. she’d never forgive me B. she never forgives me

C. she’ll never have forgiven me D. she does never forgive me

23. Without the help of the teacher, I ___ the entrance exam.

A. wouldn’t pass B. wouldn’t have passed C. couldn’t be able to pass D. will never pass

24. But for the leadership of our Party and Government, we ___ these splendid results.

A. have achieved B. shouldn’t have achieved C. should have achieved D. would achieve

25. He didn’t come yesterday, or you ___ him.

A. would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen

26. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___ in turn, you ___ so tired.

A.drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get

C . were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have get

27. ___ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

28. I suggested the person ___ to be put into prison.

A. refers B. refering C. referred D. refer

29. --- Did you go with them?

--- No, I was very busy, but I would have gone if I ___.

A. had been B. hadn’t C. wasn’t D. was

30. Without electricity, human life ___ qute difficult today.

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. was