知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 inspire admire *generous cheerful mean *tense *dull dishonest *champion mile stormy *threaten bottom *optimistic workday somehow *shelter regret *extreme extremely climate value pianist bother fame promise *kindergarten hardship bear *scholarship graduation fisherman great-grandfather northeastern central coast surround *mild *bay *harbour *volcano spring heat surface rat settle settler mainly voyage possession bold paragraph grassland mountainous surprising secretary percent wedding conference relation agricultural cattle *export lamb ship sail cottage seaside camp
詞組 around the corner die down * come to terms with make up take possession of turn to go sailing go camping blow away be in good health struggle to one’s knees take up be made up of lead to so far in relation to sign an agreement with refer to be on the rise *apply for come true hand over deal with burst out come up get tired of fall asleep wake up try one’s luck
語法 主謂一致 it用法（形式主語）
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.admire
例句集錦
v.
（1）I was admiring his new car.
我羨慕他的新車。
Come and admire the view!
快來欣賞這風(fēng)景！
（2）I admire him for his sincerity.=I admire his sincerity.
我欽佩他的誠實(shí)。
Visitors to Dalian usually admire their policewomen.
到大連的游客通常都?xì)J佩他們的女警察。
（3）Remember to admire her new dress.
記住要贊美她的新衣。
Don’t forget to admire the baby.
不要忘了夸獎(jiǎng)那嬰兒。
用法歸納
*admire用作及物動(dòng)詞，主要義項(xiàng)有：贊賞；佩服；稱贊等。其名詞為admirer贊美者；admiration 感嘆；欽佩；贊美
特別提示
注意比較admire和envy的區(qū)別。envy的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)“羨慕和嫉妒”。
2.mean
例句集錦
v.
（1）A dictionary tries to tell you what words mean.
詞典向人們講述詞的意思。
What do you mean by saying that?
你說那話是什么意思？
The sign means that the road is blocked.
這個(gè)標(biāo)志表示此路不通。
I hope you understand what I mean.
我希望你能理解我指的是什么意思。
She means what she says.她說話當(dāng)真。
（2）That does not mean reading too slowly.
那并不意味著讀得太慢。
Being a good reader means much more than just“l(fā)istening with ears”.
一個(gè)好的讀者遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過僅僅用耳朵聽。
（3）He means to succeed.
他想成功。
I’m sorry if I hurt your feelings-I didn’t mean to.
對(duì)不起，如果我傷了你的心的話，也不是故意的。
We sometimes hurt people’s feelings without meaning it.
我們有時(shí)會(huì)在無意中傷害別人的感情。
（4）I didn’t mean you to see and read the letter.
我原不打算讓你看見并讀到這封信。
I mean you to work as our spokesman.
我想請(qǐng)你做我們的發(fā)言人。
用法歸納
*mean用作動(dòng)詞，主要有以下義項(xiàng)：意思是；意味著；打算；想讓某人做某事。
特別提示
mean to do表示“打算做某事”，mean doing表示“意味著……”的意思。
3.regret
例句集錦
vt.
（1）I regret being unable to come today.
=I regret that I can’t come today.
很遺憾我今天不能來。
He regretted having been careless.
=He regret that he had been careless.
他對(duì)于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。
I regret having called him a thief,but I regret even more his stealing my watch!
我把他叫做賊感到遺憾，更感到遺憾的是他偷了我的手表！
（2）I regret to say that I can’t help you.
很抱歉我不能幫你的忙。
I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment.
我遺憾地通知你我們不能雇用你。
n.
I felt regret about what I said to him.
我真后悔對(duì)他說了那些話。
Much to my regret,I must leave you now.
我很遺憾地告訴你，我現(xiàn)在要離開了。
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
聽到你的計(jì)劃不能順利進(jìn)行，我們覺得很可惜。
用法歸納
*regret可以用作動(dòng)詞和名詞。主要有以下義項(xiàng)：對(duì)……惋惜，遺憾，抱歉，后悔，失望。
特別提示
后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，表示“對(duì)要做的某事感到遺憾”，這時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不定式一般用to say,to tell you,to inform you；后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，表示對(duì)已經(jīng)做過的事感到后悔。后跟賓語從句時(shí)無此意思上的區(qū)別。
4.settle
例句集錦
v.
（1）Have you settled where to go?
你定下去哪兒了嗎？
He has settled to buy a car.他決定買車。
Let’s settle the date of the next meeting.
我們來商定下次集會(huì)的日期。
（2）The problem has not been settled yet.
那個(gè)問題至今尚未解決。
They settled the quarrel out of court.
他們以庭外和解的方式解決了爭端。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
有許多問題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)困難重重。
（3）They got married and settled in London.
他們結(jié)了婚并在倫敦定居。
They settled Indians in the reservations.
他們把印第安人安置在保留區(qū)。
（4）He drank up the coffee and settled the cup into the saucer.
他喝光了咖啡，把杯子放在托盤上。
（5）He settled back in the armchair.
他安穩(wěn)地坐在躺椅上。
（6）The teacher tried to settle the students down.
老師盡力讓學(xué)生安靜下來。
His words settled my fears.
他的話平息了我的不安。
用法歸納
*settle可以用作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，主要有以下義項(xiàng)：決定；解決；定居；放置；使安靜；棲息。
特別提示
settle在表示“解決”的意思時(shí)，同義詞為solve,work out和deal with。
5.inspire
例句集錦
v.
（1）We were inspired by his speech.
我們?yōu)樗难菡f所激勵(lì)。
（2）His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.
他那高尚的榜樣激發(fā)我們大家更加努力。
His friend’s words inspired him to try again.
他朋友的話使他振奮起來再試一次。
（3）The father inspired his son with confidence.
=The father inspired confidence in his son.
那位父親激發(fā)了兒子的信心。
（4）The memory of his childhood inspired his first novel.
兒時(shí)的回憶促使他寫成第一本小說。
The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry.
英格蘭湖區(qū)的美景給了華茲華斯創(chuàng)作他最偉大詩篇的靈感。
用法歸納
*inspire用作及物動(dòng)詞，主要義項(xiàng)有：鼓舞；激勵(lì)；引發(fā)；賦予……靈感。主要用法有：inspire sb./inspire sb.to sth./inspire sb.to do sth./inspire sth.in sb./inspire sb.with sth.。形容詞inspired 有靈感的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。
特別提示
inspire sb.to do sth.相當(dāng)于encourage sb.to do sth.。
●重點(diǎn)短語
1.die down
例句集錦
On November 12th the storm died down.
11月12日，風(fēng)暴平息了。
The fire is dying down.Please get more coal.
火要滅了，請(qǐng)?jiān)偌狱c(diǎn)煤。
It took a long time for the excitement to die down.
過了好長時(shí)間興奮才平息下來。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）die away逐漸消失、平息
The sound has died away.
聲音漸漸地消失了。
（2）die from由于……而死，后常接災(zāi)禍、衰弱、負(fù)傷等外因。
He died from a chest wound.
他死于胸部受傷。
He died from weakness.
他死于衰弱。
（3）die of因（患）……而死，后常接年老、疾病、情感、貧寒等內(nèi)因。
The baby died of a fever.
這個(gè)嬰兒因發(fā)燒而死。
The old woman died of grief soon after her husband’s death.
這位老太太在她丈夫死去不久就死于悲傷。
（4）die out熄滅；絕種（跡）
The lights died out suddenly.
電燈突然間熄滅了。
Many old customs are gradually dying out.
許多老風(fēng)俗漸漸消亡了。
（5）die off 先后死去；一一死去
The leaves of this plant are dying off.
這植物的葉子正在凋落中。
2.turn to
例句集錦
Some farmers have turned to keeping deer,and there are about 4 500 deer farms in the country.
某些農(nóng)場主已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)養(yǎng)鹿，全國的養(yǎng)鹿場已經(jīng)達(dá)到4 500個(gè)左右。
He turned to me and said hello to me.
他轉(zhuǎn)向我向我問好。
He turned to the study of medicine.
他轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)W習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)。
Please turn to Page 5.
請(qǐng)翻到第五頁。
If you are in trouble,please turn to me.
如果你有麻煩，請(qǐng)找我。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）turn on/off開/關(guān)（電器、煤氣等）
Turn on the lights when you enter the room,and don’t forget to turn them off before you leave.
進(jìn)入房間時(shí)請(qǐng)把燈打開，但要記住離開前關(guān)上。
（2）turn up開大；調(diào)高（音量、煤氣等）；露面
He hasn’t turned up yet.
他到現(xiàn)在還沒有露面。
Will you turn up the radio?
請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)的音量開大一些好嗎？
（3）turn down 關(guān)小；調(diào)低（音量、煤氣等）；拒絕
-Would you like me to turn down the radio a bit?
我把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)低一點(diǎn)好嗎？
-No,it’s all right.I’m used to working with the radio on.
不用，這就很好。我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣開著收音機(jī)工作了。
Our request for a pay rise was turned down again.
我們要求提高工資的請(qǐng)求再次被拒絕。
（4）turn out 關(guān)掉；熄滅；證明；生產(chǎn)
The day turned out fine.
結(jié)果天晴了。
It turned out that he had never been there.
后來證實(shí)他從來沒有去過那兒。
The factory can turn out 1 000 cars a day.
這家工廠一天能生產(chǎn)1 000輛汽車。
（5） turn over 翻地；翻身；翻倒；仔細(xì)考慮
The farmers turned over the soil with a fork to destroy the weeds.
農(nóng)民用耙子翻地除草。
He turned over in the bed and couldn’t fall asleep.
他在床上翻來覆去，睡不著覺。
The car turned over twice and then fell into the river.
那輛車翻了兩次后掉進(jìn)了河里。
He turned it over in his mind.
他在心中仔細(xì)考慮那件事。
（6）turn against背叛；反抗
For this many of his former friends turned against him.
鑒于此，他以前的許多朋友背叛了他。
特別提示
turn to短語中的to為介詞，后面不能使用動(dòng)詞原形。相似的還有：devote...to...;pay attention to;refer to等。但是，He turned to go out.的意思為“他轉(zhuǎn)身走了出去”。
3.fall asleep
例句集錦
I fell asleep（while）watching TV.
我在看電視時(shí)睡著了。
He soon got tired of thinking and fell asleep.
他很快就想累了，然后就睡著了。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）fall ill生病（終止性動(dòng)詞）
My mother fell ill.我母親生病了。
（2）fall behind落在……后面
fall behind with拖欠
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.
那次生病使得他落在班上其他學(xué)生之后。
Make sure not to fall behind with your rent,please.
請(qǐng)不要拖欠租金。
（3）fall off從……掉落
The top button fell off the shirt.
襯衫最上面的紐扣掉落了。
He fell off his bicycle and hurt his leg.
他從自行車上摔下來，傷了腿。
（4）fall down 從……落下；（計(jì)劃）失敗
His plan has fallen down.他的計(jì)劃失敗了。
特別提示
比較：fall（drop）asleep“入睡”的同義詞為go to sleep，都為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，表示延續(xù)應(yīng)使用be asleep。
4.burst out
例句集錦
They burst out laughing/crying.
他們突然大笑（哭）起來。
“I don’t believe it!”burst out the angry woman.
“我不相信！”這位生氣的婦女突然說道。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）burst into突然闖入；突然開始；突然發(fā)生
He burst into the room.
他突然闖進(jìn)房間。
She burst into laughter/tears.
她突然笑（哭）起來。
The hall burst into cheers when the singer appeared.
當(dāng)歌手出場時(shí)，大廳里爆發(fā)出歡呼聲。
The oil-stove upset and burst into flames.
油爐翻倒，立刻燃燒起來。
（2）burst in（on）打擾
It was very rude of you to burst in on Father while he was working.
父親工作期間，你打擾他是不禮貌的。
Stop him bursting in.
別讓他插嘴。
（3）burst on突然出現(xiàn)
The view burst on our sight.
那景象突然出現(xiàn)在我們面前。
特別提示
burst out后跟v.-ing形式；burst into后跟名詞形式。
●必背句型
1.be doing sth.when sth.happened
教材原句
I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.
我正在一個(gè)似乎安全的斜坡上往前走，突然間毫無預(yù)兆，滑雪板下的大地陷下去了。
I was walking along the road next to the river when I saw a little girl fall through the ice.
我正沿著河邊的路走著，突然我看見一位小姑娘掉進(jìn)冰里。
One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.
一天恰克正乘飛機(jī)飛越太平洋，突然他的飛機(jī)失事了。
特別提示
該句型中的連詞when不能換成as,while等其他連詞。
補(bǔ)充例句
I was working in the garden when I suddenly felt a pain in my stomach.
我當(dāng)時(shí)正在院子里干活，這時(shí)我突然感到肚子疼。
Frank was about to leave when he noticed a letter lying on the floor.
弗蘭克剛要離開，這時(shí)他發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上有一封信。
We were doing our homework when the light went out.
我們正在做作業(yè)，突然燈滅了。
I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds increased.
一天我剛走了兩小時(shí)，這時(shí)突然狂風(fēng)大作。
2.find oneself+賓補(bǔ)
教材原句
I found myself spending a whole day in my tent.
我自己一整天都在帳篷里度過。
When he wakes up,he finds himself already in New Zealand.
當(dāng)他醒來時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)到了新西蘭。
They found themselves surrounded by colorful rocks,fishes,shells and plants.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被彩色的巖石、魚、貝殼和植物所包圍。
特別提示
該句型結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓補(bǔ)可以有v.-ing、過去分詞（表示被動(dòng)）、介詞短語、形容詞、副詞等。
補(bǔ)充例句
When he woke up,he found himself tied to a tall tree.
他醒來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被綁在一棵高樹上。
He found himself lying in a hospital bed.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院的床上。
I found myself（to be）in a dark forest.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個(gè)黑暗的森林里。
He found himself alone with a strange woman.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己和一位陌生的婦女單獨(dú)在一起。
3.It is said/reported/believed/thought that-clause句型結(jié)構(gòu)
教材原句
It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.
人們常說現(xiàn)實(shí)生活已經(jīng)夠艱難的了。
It was said that only three people could understand it at the time.
據(jù)說當(dāng)時(shí)只有三個(gè)人能夠理解。
特別提示
It is said /thought/ believed/reported that-clause可以轉(zhuǎn)換成sb.is said/ reported/ believed/ reported to do/ to be doing/ to have done...句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）It is hoped that you will be able to attend the meeting.
（=You are hoped to attend the meeting.）
人們希望你能夠參加這個(gè)會(huì)議。
It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
（=He is said to have written a book about workers.）
據(jù)說他寫了一本關(guān)于工人的新書。
It is believed that our team will win the match.
人們相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏得這場比賽的勝利。
It is reported that our country has sent another spaceship.
據(jù)報(bào)道我們國家又發(fā)射了一艘宇宙飛船。
It is thought that our football team will certainly win.
大家認(rèn)為我們足球隊(duì)當(dāng)然會(huì)贏。
（2）He is said to have finished the work.
據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了這項(xiàng)工作。
The conference is reported to be held on March 15.
據(jù)報(bào)道這個(gè)會(huì)議將在3月15日舉行。
Dick is believed to be fit for the position.
人們相信迪克適合這一職務(wù)。
疑難突破
1.make up,be made up of,make up for
make up的意思比較多，常用的有“化妝、編造、組成、占……（比例）”。這時(shí)要注意，make up為主動(dòng)形式，表示“部分組成一個(gè)整體”的意思。另外，take up也有“占……”的意思，但指的是“某樣?xùn)|西占據(jù)空間”。
be made up of... “由……組成”，這里為被動(dòng)形式，表示“一個(gè)整體是由幾個(gè)部分組成的”之意。
注意比較：consist of也有“……由……組成”的意思，但要使用主動(dòng)形式。例如：
This club consists of more than 200 members.
這個(gè)俱樂部由200位以上的會(huì)員組成。
比較：This club is made up of more than 200 members.
make up for 彌補(bǔ)
應(yīng)用
（1）She took over 30 minutes to ______ herself ______.
（2）Is she telling the truth,or ______ it all ______?
（3）We need one more player to ______ a team.
（4）They ______ about six percent of the total population.
（5）The committee ______ seven members.
（6）He drove faster to ______ lost time.
答案：（1）make;up （2）making;up （3）make up （4）make up （5）is made up of
（6）make up for
2.so far,as far as,so far as
so far“到目前為止”，常跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。可置于句首、句中或句末。
as far as＝so far as“直到；同樣遠(yuǎn)的距離”，as far as 既可用于肯定句，亦可用于否定句，而so far as 僅用于否定句。也可表示“就……而言，至于”，兩者可互換。
應(yīng)用
（1）______ we have learned English for six years.
（2）Your work has been good ______ this year.
（3）We didn’t go ______ the others.
（4）______ I know he will be away for three months.
（5）He will help you ______ he can.
答案：（1）So far （2）so far （3）as/so far as （4）So/As far as （5）as far as
3.deal with,do with,do without
do with為及物動(dòng)詞短語。用于特殊疑問句時(shí)一般用what引導(dǎo)。含有“處理；處置” “對(duì)待（不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）”“以……將就（不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）”“放置（常用過去時(shí)或完成時(shí)態(tài)，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）”“忍受（與cannot連用，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）”等意思。
do without的意思為“沒有……也行；將就”“用不著”。
deal with為及物動(dòng)詞短語。用于特殊疑問句時(shí)一般用how引導(dǎo)。主要義項(xiàng)有：對(duì)付；處理；論及……（和do with同義，主要區(qū)別在于特殊疑問詞）；相處；與……交易（不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)）。
應(yīng)用
（1）Your clothes are worn out.What did you ______ them?
（2）He didn’t know what to ______ the property his father had left.
（3）The new teacher didn’t know what to ______ the class.
（4）Butter was so expensive that we had to ______ margarine（人造奶油）in those days.
（5）What have you ______ papers for the meeting?
（6）I cannot ______ the loud noise.
（7）We cannot ______ a telephone in our business.
（8）There wasn’t any coffee left,so we had to ______.
（9）He knows well how to ______ children.
（10） I think the problem should be ______ quickly.
（11）This book ______ ancient history of China.
答案：（1）do with （2）do with （3）do with （4）do with （5）done with （6）do with （7）do without （8）do without （9）deal with （10）dealt with （11）deals with
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年上海，54）To keep healthy,Professor Johnson ______ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
A.took up B.caught on C.carried out D.made for
剖析：本題考查短語動(dòng)詞的辨析。此處用take up,表示“從事；開始做”的意思。本句話的意思是“為保持身體健康，約翰遜教授退休后把騎自行車作為一項(xiàng)固定的鍛煉形式”。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年北京,24）The Foreign Minister said,“______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A.This is B.There is C.That is D.It is
剖析：本題考查名詞性從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子的意思分析，此處用it is結(jié)構(gòu)，it在此為形式主語，代替后面的that從句。形式主語或形式賓語只能用it。本句話的意思為“我們的希望是雙方為和平而努力”。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年北京，28）The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A.was B.were C.had been D.would be
剖析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。從后面的時(shí)間狀語分析，此處用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示“當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)”正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。此句話的主語為the teacher，為單數(shù)形式，介詞短語with...為插入語。相似的插入語還有：as well as（也；還有），including（包括）等。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年全國卷Ⅰ，27）I like ______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
剖析：本題考查不定代詞的用法。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，此處用it指代后面when引導(dǎo)的從句。“I like/appreciate it+從句”為固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
答案：C