知識梳理
Ⅰ.網絡構建
詞匯 單詞 disagree depend press throughout add latest *feature remind appointment obey dare case *emergency whatever particular *interview department electricity wonder defeat force succeed *skip fur lead *jungle *enviroment tour act measure *adapt *original devote common valuable reduce *respond *amount package flat material topic organize brief
詞組 stay in touch with call for in case of according to take over break down in danger die out lead to as a result of take measures adapt to make a difference devote...to at present set free in the wild throw away
語法 被動語態 復習直接引語和間接引語
Ⅱ.重點精講
●重點單詞
1.depend
例句集錦
（1）He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是你可以信賴的人。
He knew he could depend on her to deal with the situation.
他知道他可以依靠她來應付這種局面。
（2）You shouldn’t listen to rumour.You can depend on me.
不要聽信謠言，你要相信我。
Can we depend on you/your coming in on Sunday?
我們能指望你星期天來參加嗎？
You can depend on her to be late.
她保準遲到。
（3）Does the quality of teaching depend on class size?
教學質量取決于班級的人數嗎？
It would depend on the circumstances.
這要視情況而定。
We might need more food depending on how many people turn up.
我們可能還需要些食物，不過還應看到場的人數。
（4）The community depends on the shipping industry for its survival.
這個地區靠航運業維持生活。
I don’t want to depend too much on my parents.
我不想過度依賴父母。
用法歸納
*depend總是與on或upon連用。主要義項有：（1）依靠，信賴；（2） 確信，相信，指望；（3）受……的影響，由……決定，取決于；（4）需要，依靠（提供資金、幫助等）。
相關歸納
（1）That depends/It（all）depends.
那得看情況定。
-Is he coming?他來嗎？
-That depends.He may not have the time.
那要看情況。他不一定有時間。
I don’t know if we can help -it all depends.
我不知道我們能不能幫上忙，一切都得看情況而定。
I might not go.It depends how tired I am.
我不一定去，這要看我有多累。
-Your job sounds fun.
你的工作聽起來很有樂趣。
-It depends what you mean by“fun”.
這要看你說的“樂趣”是什么意思。
（2）depend on/upon it 請相信，沒問題（用于句首或句尾）
Depend on it（=you can be sure）,we won’t give up.
請相信，我們決不會放棄。
This will ruin your health,depend upon it.
這肯定會把你的身體搞壞。
You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.
請放心，所有的貨物都會準時交付。
2.remind
例句集錦
I’m sorry,I’ve forgotten your name.Can you remind me?
對不起，我忘了你的名字。請提醒我一下好嗎？
-Don’t forget the camera.
別忘了帶相機。
-Remind me about it nearer the time.
到時候再提醒我一下。
Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.
提醒我在出去之前給埃倫打電話。
Can someone remind what I should do next?
誰能告訴我下一步該做什么？
You remind me of your father when you say that.
你說這樣的話，使我想起了你的父親。
That smell reminds me of France.
這股氣味使我想起了法國。
用法歸納
*remind v.主要義項為：提醒；使想起。作“使想起”解時，常用remind sb. of sb./sth.，意為“使想起（類似的人、地方、事物等）”。
3.wonder
例句集錦
v.
I wonder who she is.我想知道她是誰。
I was just beginning to wonder where you were.
我剛才正琢磨你上哪兒去了。
I wonder if you can help me.
不知你是否能幫我的忙？
She wondered at her own stupidity.
她沒想到自己竟會這么愚蠢。
Many people wonder at the beauty of nature around them.
很多人贊美身邊大自然的美。
I wonder that he didn’t hurt himself jumping over that wall.
我納悶他怎么從那墻上跳過去竟沒摔傷自己。
I don’t wonder you’re tired.You’ve had a busy day.
你累了，我一點都不奇怪，你已經忙了一整天了。
n.
She gazed down in wonder at the city spread below her.
她俯視展現在眼前的城市，驚嘆不已。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
長城是世界奇跡之一。
You’re a wonder!I would never have thought of doing that.
你真神了!我從來想不到該那樣做。
Have you seen the boy wonder play yet?
你看過那場神童表演沒有？
用法歸納
*wonder可以用作動詞和名詞。作動詞時，主要義項有：想知道；想弄明白；琢磨；感到詫異；非常驚訝。作名詞時，主要義項有：驚訝；驚奇；驚嘆；奇跡；奇觀；奇妙之處；能人；奇才。
相關歸納
（1）no wonder 或It’s no/little/small wonder（that）...不足為奇；并不奇怪
It is little wonder（that）she was so upset.
她如此心煩意亂，并不奇怪。
No wonder you’re tired,you’ve been walking for hours.
難怪你累了，你一直走了好幾個小時。
（2）It’s a wonder（that）...令人驚奇的是；莫名其妙的是
It’s a wonder（that）more people weren’t hurt.
奇怪的是沒有更多的人受到傷害。
（3）do wonders（for sb./sth.）（為某人/替某事）創造奇跡；產生神奇作用
The news had done wonders for our moral.
這消息大大振奮了我們的士氣。
（4）work wonders 創造奇跡；取得優異的成績；產生良好的效果
Her new diet and exercise programme had worked wonders for her.
她新的飲食和鍛煉計劃對她產生了奇效。
4.succeed v.
success n.
例句集錦
You have to work hard if you are to succeed.
要想有所作為，你必須苦干。
Probably he will succeed Tom as our manager.
他可能接替湯姆任經理。
Their early success was succeeded by a period of miserable failure.
他們起初獲得成功，但隨后有一段慘痛失敗的時期。
He is a great success as a teacher.
=He is successful as a teacher.
他教書很成功。
What’s the secret of your success?
你成功的秘訣是什么？
I didn’t have much success in finding a job.
我找工作沒什么結果。
用法歸納
*succeed的主要義項有：到達目的；辦到；做成；成功；有作為；接替；繼任。
*success的主要義項有：（1）（不可數名詞）成功，勝利，發財，成名；（2）（可數名詞）成功的人或事物。
相關歸納
（1）succeed in sth.在……方面成功
I did not succeed in my first lecture.
我第一次講課不成功。
（2）succeed in doing sth.=manage to do sth.
成功做成某事
They succeeded in climbing to the top of the mountain.
他們成功登上了山頂。
He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
他被藝術學校錄取了。
I tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded in making her angry.
我本想跟她商量，結果卻把她惹火了。
5.lead
例句集錦
v.
He led us out into the grounds.
他領我們進了庭院。
He led the horse back into the stable.
他把馬牽回了馬廄。
Which door leads to the yard?
哪扇門通向庭院？
The track led us through a wood.
我們沿著小路穿過樹林。
The department led the world in cancer research.
這個系在癌癥研究方面走在世界前列。
The champion is leading by 18 seconds.
冠軍領先了18秒。
Who will lead the party in the next election?
下一屆選舉誰來領導這個黨？
n.
She took the lead in the second lap.
她在第二圈時領先。
He has gone into the lead.
他已處于領先地位。
He managed to hold a lead of two seconds over his closest rival.
他比跟的最緊的對手勉強領先兩秒鐘。
The polls have given Labour of five-point lead.
投票選舉中工黨領先五個百分點。
用法歸納
*lead可以用作動詞和名詞。作動詞時，主要義項有：帶路；領路；引領；通向；通往；處于首位；處于領先地位；領導。 作名詞時，主要義項有：領先地位；領先的距離；超前量。
相關歸納
（1）lead to 導致；造成（后果）
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
食過多的糖會引起健康問題。
This crisis led to the downfall of the government.
這一危機使政府倒臺了。
（2）lead sb. to sth. 使得出（觀點）
What led you to this conclusion?
你是如何得出這個結論的？
●重點短語
1.stay in touch（with）=keep in touch（with）（與……）保持聯系
例句集錦
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family.
答案似乎是：我們需要與朋友和家人一直保持聯系。
Here is my card.Let’s keep in touch.
這是我的名片，咱們保持聯系。
相關歸納
（1）get in touch with sb.與某人取得聯系
（2）lose touch with sb.與某人失去聯系
（3）be in touch with sb.與某人有聯系
（4）be out of touch with sb.與某人沒有聯系
例如：
Are you still in touch with your classmates from college?
你和大學的同學還有聯系嗎？
We have been out of touch with them for about two years.
我們與他們失去聯系大約兩年了。
They have lost touch with the astronauts in the spaceship.They are trying to get in touch with them again.
他們已經與飛船上的宇航員失去了聯系，他們正在設法與他們取得聯系。
特別提示
由touch構成的詞組中，touch前不用冠詞。
2.call for
（1）+sth.需要，（公開）要求；（2）+sb.（去）接
例句集錦
The situation calls for prompt action.
目前的形勢需要立即采取行動。
They called for the immediate release of hostages.
他們要求立即釋放人質。
The opposition have called for him to resign.
反對派已要求他辭職。
I’ll call for you at seven o’clock.
七點鐘我來接你。
相關歸納
（1）call at（火車等）停靠；（短時間）停留
This train calls at almost every station.
這列火車幾乎每個站都停。
Does this liner call at Hong Kong?
這艘客輪在香港停嗎？
（2）call in 收回；叫來；請來；來訪；打電話來
Call in a doctor at once.
馬上把醫生請來。
Cars with serious faults have been called in by the manufacturers.
有嚴重缺陷的汽車已被制造商召回。
Call in this evening if you can.
如果可能今晚請來一趟。
Several people have called in sick today.
今天有幾個人打電話請病假。
（3）call off 取消；停止進行
They have called off their engagement.
他們已經解除婚約。
He phoned me and called the appointment off.
他給我打電話取消了這次約會。
（4）call on sb.拜訪；看望（某人）
Call on them this evening if you can.
如果可能今晚你去看看他們。
I have formed the habit of calling on him in the evening.
我每天晚上都到他那兒去，這已養成了習慣。
（5）call on/upon sb.to do sth.請（叫）某人做某事；號召某人做某事
I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.
現在請主席向大會致辭。
（6）call sb.up打電話給；征召入伍
I’ll call you up about seven o’clcok.
我7點左右給你打電話。
When the war broke out,they were at once called up.
戰爭一爆發，他們就立即被征召入伍了。
3.in case of假使；如果發生……
例句集錦
In case of fire,ring the alarm bell.
如遇火險，即按警鈴。
Having a cell phone also makes us feel safer,since we can call for help in case of an emergency.
手里有手機，我們會感到更安全，因為遇到緊急情況，我們可以隨時求救。
相關歸納
（1）in this/that case 如果這樣（那樣）的話；既然那樣
-I’ve made up my mind.
我已經拿定主意。
-In that case,there’s no point discussing it.
既然如此，討論這件事就毫無意義。
He might not come this evening.In that case,we won’t hold the party.
他今晚可能來不了，如果那樣的話，我們就不開晚會了。
（2）in case（that）假使；免得；以防萬一
You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.
你最好帶上鑰匙以防我不在家。
In case it rains,I won’t come back tonight.
假使下雨，今晚我就不回來了。
In case you’re wondering why Joe’s here -let me explain.
我來解釋一下吧，免得你奇怪為什么喬在這兒。
You probably won’t need to call -but take my number,just in case.
你可能不需要打電話，不過還是記下我的電話號碼，以防萬一。
特別提示
in case（that）引導條件狀語從句時，從句中用一般現在時表示將來。
（3）in any case 無論如何；不管怎樣
In any case you mustn’t tell a lie.
無論什么情況，你都不該撒謊。
There’s no point complaining now-we’re leaving tomorrow in any case.
現在抱怨毫無意義，反正明天我們就要離開了。
（4）in no case（=never）絕不
特別提示
in no case放在句首時，句子采用部分倒裝語序。
We will in no case use nuclear weapons first.
=In no case will we use nuclear weapons first.
我們絕不首先使用核武器。
4.according to 據（……所說）；按（……所報道）；依照；按照
例句集錦
According to Mick,it’s a great movie.
據米克說，這是一部了不起的電影。
You’ve been absent six times,according to our records.
根據我們的記錄，你已經缺席六次了。
Everything went according to the plan.
一切均按照計劃進行。
5.in danger在危險中
例句集錦
Children’s lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
孩子們每次過這條馬路都面臨著生命危險。
The building is in danger of collapsing.
這棟建筑有垮塌的危險。
How many factory workers are in danger of losing their jobs?
有多少產業工人可能失業？
He had a car accident and his life was in danger.
他遭遇車禍，有生命危險。
相關歸納
（1）be out of danger 脫險
Doctors said she is now out of danger.
醫生說她已脫離危險。
（2）be dangerous 危險的
The traffic here is very dangerous for children.
這里的交通對孩子來說很危險。
The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous.
這些逃犯殘暴而危險。
6.as a result of由于……的結果
例句集錦
She died as a result of injuries.
她由于受傷而死亡。
As a result of the fire,thousands of people lost their homes.
由于那場大火，數千人失去了家園。
相關歸納
as a result 結果
He was caught in the rain.As a result,he had a bad cold.
他挨了雨淋，結果患了重感冒。
He made one big mistake,and as a result,lost his job.
他犯了個大錯，結果丟了工作。
7.devote oneself to 致力于；獻身于；專心
例句集錦
She devoted herself to her career.
她全力傾注于自己的事業。
Professor Stevenson has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer.
史蒂文森教授獻身于保護麋鹿的工作。
After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.
畢業以后他繼續致力于研究工作。
相關歸納
（1）devote...to...把（時間、精力等）用于
I could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.
我一天只能在這個項目上花兩個小時。
She devoted her life to helping homeless children.
她把一生用來幫助無家可歸的孩子們。
（2）be devoted to 喜愛；疼愛；忠于；致力于
They are devoted to their children.
他們深愛著自己的孩子。
Her son,to whom she was so devoted,died in fighting the flood.
她非常疼愛的兒子在抗洪中犧牲了。
Some of them were devoted to the study of natural science.
他們有些人專門研究自然科學。
8.cut down 砍倒；病死；減少
例句集錦
When the farmers cut down trees,tigers can no longer hide and hunt.
農民把樹砍倒后，老虎無法藏身和獵食。
You should try your best to cut down the accident rate.
你們應該盡力減少事故。
We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.
我們得把這篇文章壓縮到1000字。
相關歸納
（1）cut up 切碎；剪碎；摧毀
He cut up the meat on his plate.
他在盤子里把肉切成小塊。
They have cut down a tall tree and now they are cutting it up.
他們已經把一棵大樹砍倒，現在正在把它截斷。
He was badly cut up in the fight.
他在斗毆中被打得遍體鱗傷。
（2）cut away 剪去；砍掉；割掉；切除
They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.
他們把這棵樹上的枯枝全部砍掉了。
（3）cut off 砍下來；切斷；阻礙；阻擋；堵塞
He had his two fingers cut off in an accident at work.
他在一次工傷事故中被切斷了兩根手指。
The new factory cut off our view of the hills.
新建的工廠擋住了我們觀山景的視線。
The army was cut off from its base.
那支部隊與基地失去了聯系。
（4）cut out 剪下；刪除
You’d better cut out the last paragraph of your composition.
你最好把作文的最后一段刪除。
（5）cut through 抄近路；開辟（出路或通道）
They used a machete to cut through the bush.
他們用砍刀在灌木叢中開辟出一條路。
I came by cutting through the lane.我抄近路來的。
●必背句型
1.be worth+doing 值得做……
教材原句
That’s worth thinking about.
那值得考慮。
特別提示
（1）該結構中應使用動名詞的主動式，不可使用被動式。
（2）“很值得……”用be well worth，不可用very或quite。
（3）be worth+表示錢數的名詞或相當于“代價”的比喻性名詞，意為“值（多少錢）；值得”。
補充例句
Our house is worth about $100 000.
我們的房子大約值十萬美圓。
How much is this painting worth?
這幅畫值多少錢？
If you answer this question correctly,it’s worth five points.
答對了這道題可以得五分。
The museum is certainly worth a visit.
這家博物館的確值得參觀。
This idea is well worth considering.
這個想法很值得考慮。
相關歸納
（1）be worthy of+n.
（2）be worthy of being done
（3）be worthy to be done
A number of the report’s findings are worthy of note.
這份報告里有些調查結果值得注意。
The article is worthy of careful study.
=The article is worthy of being studied carefully.
=The article is worthy to be studied carefully.
=The article is worth studying carefully.
這篇文章值得細讀。
2.no matter引導的狀語從句
教材原句
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.
=The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family wherever we are or whatever we are doing.
答案似乎是：無論我們在何處或正在做什么，我們都需要與朋友和家人一直保持聯系。
特別提示
（1）no matter與who,what,where,when或how連用，可以用來引導狀語從句，該狀語從句等于該“疑問詞+ever”引導的狀語從句。
（2）no matter who（what...）引導的狀語從句中，多用現在時表示將來的動作。
補充例句
They don’t last long no matter how careful you are.
=They don’t last long however careful you are.
不管你如何仔細，他們都維持不了多久。
Call me when you get there,no matter what the time is.
=Call me when you get there,whatever the time is.
無論什么時候，你到了那里就給我打電話。
No matter who telephones,say I’m out.
=Whoever telephones,say I’m out.
不管誰來電話，都說我出去了。
No matter where you go,you’ll find Coca-Cola.
=Wherever you go,you’ll find Coca-Cola.
不管你走到哪里，都會看到可口可樂。
No matter what you say,I won’t believe you.
=Whatever you say,I won’t believe you.
不管你說什么，我決不相信你說的話。
3.whatever等引導的名詞性從句
教材原句
She says that her cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do and still stay in touch with her parents and friends.
她說手機使她想做什么就做什么，而同時又與父母和朋友隨時保持聯系。
特別提示
whatever,whoever等可以引導名詞性從句，而no matter what，no matter who等不可。
補充例句
He may eat whatever you give him.
你給他什么他吃什么。
Take whatever action is needed.
采取必要的任何行動。
Whoever says that is a liar.
說那話的人是個騙子。
Send it to whoever is in charge of sales.
把這寄給負責銷售的人。
Choose whichever brand you prefer.
挑選你喜歡的牌子。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
你們誰第一個到達這里誰就獲獎。
疑難突破
1.as many as,as much as
as many as意為“多達……；……之多”,常用在人或物的具體數量前，結構為：as many as+數詞+復數名詞。as much as常用在“雨量、水量、時間量、重量、錢數、價格”等方面，表示“總量”和“單位量”的大小，結構為：as much as+數詞+復數名詞。
應用
（1）______ 250 000 people lost their homes in the earthquake.
（2）The rain is plentiful here,often ______ seventy inches every year.
（3）At the job,she could earn ______ eighty dollars a week.
（4）The civil war in that country lasted ______ 16 years.
答案：（1）As many as （2）as much as （3）as much as （4）as much as
2.much too,too much,too many
too much可獨立作狀語、主語、賓語或表語；又可作定語，修飾不可數名詞。
too many可作定語，修飾可數名詞。
much too只能用于修飾形容詞或副詞，不可修飾動詞。
應用
（1）The car is ______expensive for an ordinary family in China.
（2）You drank ______ last night.
（3）You eat ______ sugar every day.It’s bad for your health.
（4）It’s ______hot today.
（5）What you said is ______ for the girl.
（6）They have______difficulties to settle.
（7）A species may also die out if humans or animals use ______ of a plant or kill ______ animals.
答案：（1）much too （2）too much （3）too much （4）much too （5）too much （6） too many （7） too much,too many
3.agree on,agree with,agree to
agree on表示在某一點上達成協議或取得一致意見。
agree with表示同意、贊成某人說的話，后接sb.或wh-從句，或表達意見、想法、觀點、決定的詞（opinion,view,idea,decision）。還可表示“與……一致;適合”,此時，主語一般不是表人的詞。
agree to后接計劃、安排、建議、條件等詞（plan,arrangement,suggestion,terms）。
agree to do表示“同意做某事”。
應用
（1）I ______what he said.
（2）After a further discussion,both sides ______ the date for the next meeting.
（3）They didn’t ______each other on that point.
（4）A verb should ______its subject in number and person.
（5）At last the teacher ______ give him another chance.
（6）Do you ______the arrangement?
（7）They all ______the matter.
答案：（1）agree with （2）agreed on （3）agree with （4）agree with （5）agreed to （6）agree to （7）agreed on
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年江蘇，35）-How long are you staying?
-I don’t know.______.
A.That’s OK B.Never mind C.It depends D.It doesn’t mind
剖析：本題考查交際用語。根據題意，最佳答案為 C項。It depends.意為：“那得看情況定。”全句意思為：“你打算待多久？”“不知道，那得看情況而定。”參見“重點單詞1”。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年廣東，24）It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly
剖析：It’s no wonder that表示“難怪……”。題干中wonder前有any，所以不能再用no，故排除A項；such和nearly又不能與any連用，故排除B、C兩項；hardly可以與any連用，因此最佳答案為D。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年浙江，28）-Brand was Jane’s brother!
-______ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A.No doubt B.Above all C.No wonder D.Of course
剖析：no wonder+句子=It is/was no wonder+句子，意為“難怪……”。
答案：C
【例4】 （2004年湖北，27）You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do.
A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever
剖析：本題考查連詞的用法。B項no matter 后缺連詞，故排除；從句意看，主從句存在讓步關系，因此最佳答案為A。however much work=no matter how much work，全句意思為：無論你有多少工作要做，晚上你都要設法睡個好覺。
答案：A
【例5】 （2004年北京，27）The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by 2006.
A.has been completed B.has completed
C.will have been compeleted D.will have complete
剖析：從題干的邏輯關系看，本題應該使用被動語態，故排除B、D兩項；由時間狀語by 2006可知，應該使用將來完成時的被動語態，表示從將來某一時間看已經完成的動作。
答案：C
補充：
【例1】 （2004年浙江，26）More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.
A.treated B.have treated
C.had been treated D.have been treated
剖析：patients與treat之間存在被動關系，應使用被動語態，故排除A項和B項；由時間狀語this year可判斷，應使用現在完成時態，故選D。
答案：D
【例2】 （2000 年春季北京）John may phone tonight,I don’t want to go out ______ he phones.
A.in case B.in that case C.so that D.in time
剖析： in that case 和in time后面不能接從句;so that后面的從句應加情態動詞。故選A。
答案：A