Unit16

§2.1詞句貫通

1.every now and then/again不時地

Write me a post card every now and then.

請不時地給我寫張明信片。

Every now and then a plane would take off.

不時會有一架飛機起飛。

He only comes to London every now and then.

他只是偶爾來趟倫敦。

Every now and again she wiped her eyes with a handkerchief.

她不時地用手帕擦一擦眼睛。

2.downtown adv.往城里，往市中心

Let's go downtown this afternoon.

咱們今天下午去鬧市區(qū)吧。

I went downtown to do some shopping today.

今天我到商業(yè)區(qū)購物去了。

They moved downtown last year.

他們搬到城里去了。

He lives downtown.他住在市區(qū)。

downtown adj.商業(yè)區(qū)的，鬧市區(qū)的

He was born in downtown Tianjin.

他生在天津鬧市區(qū)。

I work in a downtown office.

我在市區(qū)的一家公司上班。

The downtown traffic is very bad.

鬧市區(qū)的交通很差。

3.surrounding n.（常用復數）環(huán)境，周圍的事物

I'd like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.

我想在健康的環(huán)境中養(yǎng)育我的孩子。

The hotel stands in picturesque surroundings.

賓館四周的環(huán)境優(yōu)美如畫。

surrounding adj.周圍的，附近的

the surrounding country近郊

the surrounding scenery四周的風景

surround v.包圍；圍繞

be surrounded with/by…被……環(huán)繞著

A crowd surrounded him.一群人圍著他。

The school was surrounded by/with a fence.

學校四周圍著籬笆。

Mystery surrounds the actress's death.

女演員之死籠罩著神秘的氣氛。

4.feast n.(感官、精神等的)享受；盛宴

The flower exhibition was a feast for the eyes.

看花展是件賞心悅目的事。

The classical music is really a feast for the ears.

這首古典樂曲令人大飽耳福。

a wedding feast喜宴

give/make/hold a feast舉行宴會，設宴

There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.

天下沒有不散的筵席。

The Queen invited them to a feast.

女王邀請他們參加慶宴。

The King made a great feast to his ministers.

國王大宴群臣。

5.dip n.(在江、河、湖、海中)洗澡，游泳

take a dip in the lake在湖里游泳

I will have a dip in the sea.

我要洗個海水浴。

dip v.浸泡，沾水

He dipped the pen into ink.

他把筆浸到墨水里。

The little girl dipped a piece of bread into her soup.

小女孩把一塊面包泡到湯里。

dip into把手伸入；瀏覽，稍加研究

He dipped into his pocket to get his key out.

他把手伸進口袋掏鑰匙。

I haven't read that book carefully.I've only dipped into it.

我沒有認真讀過那本書，只是隨便翻閱過。

I have been dipping into ancient history.

我一直在研究古代史。

6.shore n.濱，岸

They kept walking along the shore.

他們一直沿著岸邊走。

There was an old house on the shore.

岸上有棟老房子。

They found a ship about 2 miles off the shore.

他們發(fā)現在離海岸2英里處有一艘輪船。

off shore在離岸的海里，在離海岸不遠處

The boat is two miles off shore.

那艘船在離海岸兩英里的海里。

on shore在岸上，在陸上

In the storm,many seamen wished they were on shore.

有暴風雨時，很多水手都希望在岸上。

They went on shore the moment the ship reached the harbor.

輪船一到港口，他們就上了岸。

7.budget n.預算(常與介詞for連用)

a family budget家庭預算

the government budget for the coming year

下年度的政府預算

an advertising budget of $8000

八千美元的廣告預算

introduce/open the budget提出預算方案

She made a monthly budget for her family.

她為家庭做了每個月的預算。

budget v.編制預算

He budgeted for buying a house.

他為買房子編制預算。

He saves a lot of money by careful budgeting.

他通過精打細算節(jié)省了大筆錢。

8.rate 價格；費用；速度；效率

The room rates at the hotel range from $10 to $35 per day.

那家賓館的房間價格從10美元到35美元不等。

What's the letter postage rate to foreign countries?

往國外寄信的費用是多少？

The train was going at a rapid rate.

那輛火車高速行駛。

They are walking at the rate of 4 kilometres an hour.

他們以每小時4公里的速度行進。

She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.

她的閱讀速度是每分鐘100詞。

The birth rate is under control in this country.

這個國家的出生率已得到控制。

The divorce rate is very high in the United States.

美國的離婚率很高。

at any rate無論如何，不管怎樣；至少

At any rate I will come.無論如何我都會來。

She didn't work very hard,but at any rate,she passed the test.

她不很用功，但至少她通過了考試。

at this/that rate如果是這樣的話，如果這樣繼續(xù)下去的話

At this rate we won't be able to buy a house.

照這情形來看，我們可能買不起房子。

9.sight n.情景，景象[C]；目光，視力，視野[U]

The sunset is a beautiful sight.

落日是很美的景象。

What a sad sight!多么悲慘的景象啊!

She has good/poor sight.她視力好(差)。

Keep out of my sight.不要讓我看到你。

I watched him until he disappeared from sight in the distance.

我望著他直到他消失在遠方。

a/the sight of看到，見到

The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by.

人群等著看王后從這里經過。

The sight of a snake frightened her.

看到蛇把她嚇壞了。

10.accommodation n.住處，膳宿(通常用復數形式)；方便，便利(不可數)

Please phone the hotel for accommodations.

請打電話給旅館訂房間。

This hotel has accommodations for 2 000 guests.

這家旅館有容納2000名客人的設備。

Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight?

我們今晚能找到旅館住宿嗎？

It would be an accommodation to me if you could come.

你若能來，對我而言真是好極了。

§2.2發(fā)散思維

1.disappointed adj.失望的，感到失望的

They were disappointed about/with/at/in the results.

他們對結果感到失望。

She was disappointed at not being invited to the wedding.

她由于未獲邀請參加婚禮而感到失望。

She was disappointed of her purpose.

她因沒有達到目的而感到失望。

I was disappointed that she was not able to come.

她不能來，令我很是失望。

disappointing adj.令人失望的；掃興的

What disappointing news it is!

多么令人失望的消息!

It was disappointing not to be able to see her.

不能見到她真令人失望。

disappoint vt.使失望，使沮喪

The result disappointed me.

結果使我失望。

Her lack of success disappointed Mary.

她未能成功使瑪麗很失望。

disappoint vt.使(計劃、希望等)落空，受挫，辜負

The accident disappointed our plans.

這次意外事件使我們的計劃落空。

disappoint a person's expectation辜負某人的期望

2.guarantee vt.保證……免受損失或傷害；確保

guarantee sth.保證……

They guarantee this clock for a year.

他們對這個鐘表保修一年。

I guarantee the success of the show.

我保證這場表演會成功。

guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保證某人……

Buying a train ticket doesn't guarantee you a seat.

買到火車票并不保證你有座位。

They guaranteed their workers regular employment.

他們保證長期雇用他們的工人。

guarantee to do sth.保證做某事

I guarantee to pay off his debt.

我保證付清他的債務。

I guarantee to be here tomorrow.

我保證明天來這里。

guarantee sth.(to be)…保證……是……

The art dealer guaranteed the picture (to be) genuine.

那個工藝品商保證這幅畫是真品。

guarantee that…保證……

I guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result.

我保證你會對結果感到滿意。

Who can guarantee that he will keep his word?

誰能擔保他說話算數？

知識記憶

§2.1知識網絡

1.arrival n.到達者；到達物；到達

He was the last arrival.

他是最后一個到達的

There were several new arrivals in the school.

學校新來了幾個學生。

We are waiting for Tom's arrival.

我們在等候湯姆的到來。

The arrival of the train was delayed by the storm.

火車因暴風雨而晚點了。

Our time of arrival in Tokyo is four o'clock.

我們到達東京的時間是4點。

on/upon one's arrival某人一到達就……

They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.

他一到達，就受到他們的熱烈歡迎。

She sent her mother a telegram upon her arrival in Paris.

她一到巴黎就給她媽媽發(fā)了一封電報。

On his arrival at the airport,he called a taxi.

他一到機場便叫了一輛出租車。

2.sacrifice n.犧牲

Parents often make sacrifices for their children.

父母常為子女作種種犧牲。

I would never dream of asking you to make such a sacrifice.

我從沒想讓你作出這樣的犧牲。

He achieved his success at great sacrifice.

他作了很大的犧牲才獲得成功。

at the sacrifice of以犧牲……為代價

sell sth.at a sacrifice賤賣，虧本出售

sacrifice vt.犧牲；奉獻；把……作祭品

She sacrificed her life to save her child from the fire.

她為了從火中救出孩子而犧牲了自己的生命。

I won餿 sacrifice my health in pursuit of wealth.

我不會為追求財富而犧牲自己的健康。

He sacrifices health for/to pleasure.

他為了玩樂而犧牲健康。

They sacrificed a lamb to God.

他們以羔羊作祭品供奉上帝。

3.former adj.以前的；(兩者中的)前者(要與the連用)

He is one of my former classmates.

他是我以前的一位同學。

Clinton is the former president of the United States.

克林頓是美國前總統(tǒng)。

I prefer the former design to the latter.

我比較喜歡前者的設計方案，不喜歡后者。

Joan and Jane are sisters.The former is a pianist;the latter is a singer.

瓊和簡是姐妹，前者是鋼琴家，后者是歌手。

Of pigs and cows,the former is less valuable.

豬和牛比較，前者較不值錢。

4.recover vt.恢復原狀；恢復；(使身體)復原

He is beginning to recover his strength.

他開始恢復體力。

I don't think he will recover.

我認為他不會恢復健康。

recover from…從……中恢復過來

He is recovering from a severe illness.

他正從重病中復元。

We haven't yet recovered from the shock.

我們還沒有從那次打擊中恢復過來。

The country has not yet recovered from the effects of the war.

那個國家尚未從戰(zhàn)爭的影響中復原。

recover oneself恢復健康，痊愈；清醒過來；鎮(zhèn)定下來；重新站穩(wěn)

I got a bad cold but I recovered myself a week later.

我得了重感冒，但一周后就痊愈了。

She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.

她很快鎮(zhèn)定下來，停止了哭泣。

I almost fell but managed to recover myself.

我?guī)缀醯�倒，但還是設法站穩(wěn)了。

5.shoot vt.射死；射中；發(fā)射

He shot a deer in the forest.

他在森林里射殺了一只鹿。

He was shot in the arm.他被擊中手臂。

He shot himself,which made us shocked.

他開槍自殺了，使我們非常震驚。

The police shot the terrorist dead.

警察擊斃了那個恐怖分子

shoot at…向……開槍，向……射擊

The captain ordered his men to shoot at the enemies.

上尉命令他的士兵向敵人開火。

He shot at a wild duck,but missed it.

他朝著一只野鴨射擊，但沒射中。

比較：He shot a bird and killed it.

他射殺了一只鳥。

6.vain adj.徒勞的；徒然的

But his efforts were vain.

但是他的努力是徒勞的。

It is vain to resist.反抗是沒用的。

She made a vain attempt to stop him.

她試圖阻止他，但是徒然。

in vain徒勞；白辛苦

He tried in vain to memorize the poem.

他怎么背都沒辦法把那首詩背出來。

He tried to save his son from drowning,but in vain.

他試圖救他兒子免于溺死，但是徒然。

All their attempts were in vain.

他們所有的嘗試都是徒勞。

7.overcome vt.戰(zhàn)勝；克服

We overcame the enemy and marched on.

我們戰(zhàn)勝了敵人，繼續(xù)前進。

He overcame his fear of the dark.

他克服了對黑暗的恐懼。

He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.

他努力克服了自己的致命弱點。

She overcame her bad habits.

她克服了自己的壞習慣。

be overcome by/with…不堪忍受……，極為……

He was overcome by the heat.

他熱得受不了。

She was overcome by fear.她嚇得要命。

The child was overcome by weariness and slept.

那孩子疲倦之極，睡著了。

8.gather v.聚集，聚攏；收集，積累

Thousands of people gathered for the rock concert.

數千人聚集在一起聽搖滾音樂會。

Worker ants gather food and repair the nest.

工蟻收集食物及修理巢穴。

He gathered up his papers and left.

他把文件收拾起來就離開了。

He gathered his students around him.

他把學生聚集在他周圍。

He likes to gather wealth.

他喜歡積累財富。

9.clothing n.(總稱)衣服，服裝(不可數名詞)

a piece of clothing或an article of clothing一件衣服

There is nothing but clothing in this cupboard.

櫥子里只有衣服。

We have plenty of food and clothing.

我們有充足的食物和衣物。

The government provides its people with food,clothing and shelters.

政府為人民提供食品、衣物和住所。

Food here is cheaper than in Britain;clothing,on the other hand,is dearer.

這里的食物比英國便宜，但衣物較貴。

In those days they were not able to afford woolen clothing.

那時候，他們買不起毛衣。

10.willing adj.樂意的，自愿的

I'm quite willing to help you.

我很樂意幫助你。

He was still willing to marry her.

他仍然愿意娶她。

Are you willing that he should join our group?

你愿意他加入我們的團體嗎？

Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club?

你愿意他加入我們的俱樂部嗎？

§2.2發(fā)散思維

1.insist v.堅持，堅決要求

insist on/upon sth.

He insisted on his correctness.

他堅稱他是對的。

I insist on quietness in my room.

我要求在我的房間里要安靜。

He insisted on the obedience of each man.

他堅決要求人人服從他。

insist on (one's) doing sth.

He insisted on writing her a letter at once.

他一定要馬上給她寫一封信。

She insisted upon lending them her car.

她堅持把她的車借給他們。

I insisted on being given another chance.

我堅決要求再給我一次機會。

I must insist on your giving me an immediate answer.

我堅持你立即給我答復。

insist后可接that從句，從句中的謂語動詞用"(should)+動詞原形."形式。

We insisted that she (should) come to the party.

我們堅持她一定要來參加聚會。

He insisted that the work be finished by the end of this month.

他要求這個月底完成工作。

She insisted that her mother send her to a dancing school.

她要求她媽媽送她到舞蹈學校學習。

insist有時可用作不及物動詞。

-Let me pay.我來付錢吧。

-All right,if you insist.那好吧，如果你堅持的話。

I'll go with you if you insist.

如果你堅持的話，我就跟你一塊去。

insist vt.堅持認為，硬說

此時后接that從句，但從句中的謂語動詞不能用虛擬語氣。

He insists that the answer is right.

他堅持認為答案是正確的。

She insisted that she needed no help.

她堅持說她不需要幫助。

2.supply vt.提供，供應

supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb.with sth."給某人提供某物"

In Britain milk is supplied to each house in bottles.

在英國牛奶是以瓶裝的形式送到各家的。

The school supplies books to the students.

→The school supplies the students with books.

學校為學生提供書籍。

Miss Wang is well supplied with money.

王小姐很有錢。

supply n.供應，供給；供應品，生活用品

The water supply in this town is good.

這個城鎮(zhèn)的水供應很好。

They sent some medicine supplies for the old.

他們?yōu)槔夏耆颂峁┝艘恍┧幤贰?/p>

England largely depends on other countries for her food supplies.

英國主要依靠別的國家來供給食物。

a supply of或supplies of "大量的"

Bring a large supply of food with you.

請你帶上大量的食物。

The cupboard has a good supply of books.

這個櫥子里有很多書。

The bear has stored supplies of fat in its body.

熊在身體里儲存著大量的脂肪。

Unit17

§2.1詞句貫通

1. ability n.能力；才能；才智

I doubt his ability to do the job.

我認為他沒有做這項工作的能力。

She has the ability to speak English fluently.

她能流利地說英語。

Alice is a woman of great ability.

艾麗絲是個很有才能的婦女。

Writing a novel is beyond my abilities.

寫長篇小說非我才能所及。

2. guidance n.指引；引導

I need guidance on this matter.

這件事我需要有人指導。

I need some guidance with my studies.

我需要有人指導我的學習。

Under his guidance I managed to solve the problem.

在他的指導下，我設法解決了那個問題。

I learned how to ski under his guidance.

我在他的指導下學習滑雪。

3. sympathy n.同情；同感；贊同

If this is true I can only give you all my sympathy.

如果這是真的，我只能向你表示同情。

When her husband died,she received manyletters of sympathy.

她丈夫去世后，她收到了很多慰問信。

have/feel sympathy for/with sb.同情某人

They don’t feel much sympathy for me.

他們不大同情我。

He has no sympathy with them in their suffering.

他不同情他們的苦難。

in/with sympathy同情地

He patted me on the shoulder in sympathy.

他同情地拍了拍我的肩膀。

She looked at the poor kids with sympathy.

她同情地看著那些可憐的孩子。

be in sympathy with贊同，同……一致

On that point I’m in sympathy with him.

在這一點上我同他一致。

They are in sympathy with your views.

他們贊同你的觀點。

4. encouragement n.鼓勵；促進；贊助

He received a lot of encouragement from his teacher.

他的老師給了他很多鼓勵。

All she needs is some encouragement.

她所需要的就是一些鼓勵的話。

With the encouragement from his father,he went abroad.

在他父親的鼓勵下，他去了國外。

He gave me great encouragement to writ enovels.

他給了我很大的鼓勵去寫小說。

Their interest in my writing is a great encouragement to me.

他們對我的文章感興趣對我是很大的鼓勵。

encourage vt.鼓勵；激勵

We encouraged our baseball team with loud cheers.

我們大聲歡呼來鼓勵我們的棒球隊。

encourage sb.to do sth.“鼓勵某人做某事”

The teacher encouraged me to study abroad.

老師鼓勵我們去國外學習。

My success encouraged me to continue.

我的成功鼓勵我堅持下去。

encourage sb.in“鼓勵/助長某人的……”

All the family encouraged the boy in his efforts to become a doctor.

全家人都鼓勵這個孩子努力成為醫(yī)生。

Don’t encourage him in his idle ways.

不可助長他懶惰成性。

5. impair vt.損害；損傷；削弱

Poor food impaired his health.

營養(yǎng)不足損害了他的健康。

The accident impaired his vision.

意外事故損傷了他的視力。

His work is impaired by stupid mistakes.

他的工作因愚蠢的錯誤而受損。

6.adjust vi.適應

adjust (oneself) to適應于

She soon adjusted (herself) to his way of life.

她很快適應了他的生活方式。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes of temperature.

身體能很快自行調節(jié)以適應溫度的變化。

You must adjust yourself to new circumstances.

你必須使自己適應新環(huán)境。

My eyes haven’t adjusted to the dark yet.

我的眼睛還沒有適應黑暗。

adjust vt.調整；調節(jié)

You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.

這桌子可以調整以適應任何小孩的身高。

I have the brakes of my bicycle adjusted.

我請人調整自行車的車閘。

Will you adjust this clock? It’s slow.

這個時鐘慢了，請你調一下好嗎？

7. victory n.勝利，戰(zhàn)勝

He has no chance of victory.

他沒有獲勝的機會。

Our team got the championship by 8 victories and 2 defeats.

我們球隊以8勝2負的成績獲得冠軍。

The game ended in a victory for our school.

比賽以我們學校獲勝而結束。

注：victory常與介詞over連用，意為“勝過某人”。

He thought he had scored a victory over James.

他認為他勝過了詹姆斯。

She won a narrow victory over her great rival in the tennis competition.

她在那次網球賽中險勝了她的強大對手。

He gained victory over the other candidates in the election.

他在那次選舉中勝過其他候選人。

8. participate vi.參與；參加

Eighty-seven countries are expected to participate.

預計有87個國家參加。

participate in參與；參加

They actively participate in local politics.

他們積極參與當地政治。

Everyone can participate in this game.

人人都可以參加這個游戲。

Did you participate in that discussion?

你參加那次討論了嗎？

9. public adj.公眾的；公共的

a public holiday節(jié)日，公共假日

a public phone公用電話

a public school公立學校

Don’t be so noisy;this is a public place.

請不要吵鬧，這是公共場所。

make public公開；公布

The new economic policy will be made public early next week.

新經濟政策將在下周初公布。

I don’t care to make this affair public.

我不介意將這事公之于眾。

the public公眾；群眾；大眾

Is the art museum open to the public?

這個藝術博物館對公眾開放嗎？

In general,the public is/are against the new law.

總的來說，公眾反對這項新法律。

in public公開地；在大眾面前

He doesn’t like to speak in public.

他不喜歡在公開場合講話。

She hardly loses her temper in public.

她很少在公眾面前發(fā)脾氣。

10. accessible adj.可以使用的；可以得到的；能進入的

The village is not accessible by car.

那個村子汽車無法抵達。

A telephone is put where it will be accessible.

電話要放在容易拿到的地方。

be accessible to sb.某人容易得到、了解、親近

These documents are not accessible to the public.

這些文件是大眾無法得到的。

This book is easily accessible to the young reader.

這本書是年輕讀者容易懂的。

Our principal is accessible to the students.

我們校長容易和學生親近。

§2.2發(fā)散思維

1. assist vt.援助；幫助

assist sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事

Two students assisted me with the experiment.

兩個學生幫助我做這個實驗。

She employed a woman to assist her with the housework.

她雇了一位婦女，幫她做家務。

assist sb.in doing sth.幫助某人做某事

He assisted my father in cleaning the car.

他幫我的父親清洗汽車。

She asked us to assist her in carrying out the plan.

她請我們幫她實施那項計劃。

assist sb.to do sth.幫助某人做某事

He assisted us to establish a new company.

他幫助我們成立了一家新公司。

A good dictionary will assist you to understand English.

好詞典會幫助你理解英文。

assist in (doing) sth.幫助做某事

My father assisted in building our new house.

我父親幫助我們蓋新房子。

He thought he had a duty to assist in this movement.

他認為他有責任幫助這次活動。

2. sense n.感覺，意識；明智；常識；神智；意義

The five senses are sight,hearing,smell,taste,and touch.

五種感官是視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺和觸覺。

She has a poor sense of direction.

她的方向感很差。

His speech left me with the sense that we would never be friends.

聽他說話讓我感到我和他絕對無法作朋友。

The old man has a good sense of humour.

那老人很幽默。

I have no sense of business.

我沒有經商意識。

He is a man of good sense.

他是個通情達理的人。

She lost her senses when she heard the news.

她聽到那消息后便昏了過去。

there is no sense (in) doing sth.做某事沒有意義

I don’t think there is much sense in hanging about here.

我認為在此閑逛是沒意義的。

There was no sense in making a child suffer like that.

讓一個孩子受那樣的罪是沒有道理的。

make sense講得通，有意義，能被理解；有道理，明智

No matter how you read it,this sentence doesn’t make (any) sense.

不管你怎么讀，這個句子都講不通。

It makes good sense to take care of your health.

照料好你的身體是很明智的。

Does it make sense to let little children play with matches?

讓小孩子玩火柴明智嗎？

Unit18

§2.1詞句貫通

1.be tired of對……感到厭倦；對……不感興趣

You’ll soon be tired of the game.

很快你就會對這種游戲感到厭倦的。

I am tired of the same old breakfast every morning.

我厭煩每天早上吃同樣的飯。

She is never tired of talking about her clever son.

談起她聰明的兒子，她不厭其煩。

2. reject vt.排斥；丟掉；拋棄

He rejected my offer of help.

他拒絕了我的援助提議。

I proposed to her but she rejected me.

我向她求婚，但被她拒絕了。

He tried to join the army but was rejected.

他試圖參軍，但沒有被接受。

She rejected my suggestions.

她拒絕了我的建議。

She rejected the green apples.

她扔掉了那些不熟的蘋果。

3. break away from擺脫；脫離

The thief broke away from the policeman and ran away.

那個賊掙脫警察逃走了。

He broke away from all his old friends.

他與所有的老朋友斷絕了關系。

It is difficult to break away from a habit.

改掉習慣是很困難的。

It was not right for the South to break away from the Union.

南方脫離聯邦是不對的。

4. possibility n.可能性；可能；可能的事

the possibility of success成功的可能性

the possibility of rain下雨的可能性

Is there any possibility of having a sunny weekend?

周末有可能會陽光明媚嗎？

There is a possibility of his coming for Christmas.

他可能會來過圣誕節(jié)。

Is there any possibility that he will be elected chairman?

他有當選主席的可能嗎？

There is quite a possibility that war may break out.

很有可能會爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭。

His retirement is a possibility.

他有可能退休。

5. attempt vt.嘗試；企圖

The prisoner attempted an escape but failed.

那個犯人企圖逃走，但失敗了。

They attempted a surprise attack.

他們企圖偷襲。

They attempted to climb Mt. Everest.

他們試圖攀登額菲爾士峰。

He attempted breaking the world record.

他試圖打破世界記錄。

attempt n.嘗試，企圖；企圖殺害

He made an attempt to learn to ski.

他嘗試著學滑雪。

He failed in his attempt to win first prize.

他試圖獲得頭獎，但卻失敗了。

They made an attempt on the life of the president.

他們企圖刺殺總統(tǒng)。

attempted adj.未遂的，意圖的

an attempted murder/suicide

殺人未遂/自殺未遂

6. connection n.聯系；因果關系；聯結

There is no connection between the two incidents.

那兩個事件之間沒有關聯。

Doctors say there is a connection between smoking and lung cancer.

醫(yī)生們說抽煙與肺癌有關系。

He has connections with many important people.

他與很多重要人物有來往。

in connection with與……相關聯，關于

She said nothing in connection with her marriage.

她絕口不談與她的婚姻有關的事。

connect vt.連接，把……聯系起來；接通（電源、電話等）

The road connects London and Edinburgh.

這條道路連接倫敦與愛丁堡。

Their families are now connected by marriage.

他們兩家有聯姻關系。

The operator will connect you with our sales department.

接線員會與你接通我們的銷售部。

be connected with與……有聯系，和……有關系

He is no longer connected with the Kane Company.

他已與凱恩公司沒有關系了。

7. aware adj.察覺到的，感覺到的，知悉的。一般用作表語，后接of短語或從句。

He wasn’t aware of the danger.

他沒有察覺到危險。

Smokers are well/quite aware of the dangers to their own health.

吸煙者很清楚吸煙會對他們自身的健康造成種種危害。

She became aware of footsteps hurrying after her.

她覺察到身后有匆忙的腳步聲。

Are you aware that you have hurt her feelings?

你有沒有察覺到你已經傷害她的感情了？

I became aware how she might feel.

我察覺到她會有怎樣的感受。

He was aware that he had drunk too much.

他曉得他喝了太多的酒。

Are you aware how much this means to me?

你曉得這對我有多大意義嗎？

8. respect vt.尊敬，尊重

Children ought to respect their elders.

小孩應該尊敬長輩。

Ihope you will respect her wishes.

我希望你能尊重她的愿望。

respect n.尊敬，尊重

I have (a) deep/great respect for him.

我對他非常尊敬。

He showed no respect for their rights.

他不尊重他們的權利。

respected adj.受人尊敬的

The teacher is greatly respected in this school.

這位老師在這個學校很受人尊敬。

9. application n.用途；應用；申請；申請書

The application of what you know will help you solve new problems.

應用你的知識可幫你解決新問題。

That rule has no application to this particular case.

那項條款不適用于這一特殊案例。

The invention has no practical application.

那項發(fā)明沒有實際的用途。

The manager received twenty applications for the post.

該經理收到對這個崗位的20份申請。

They rejected his application of the membership.

他們拒絕了他成為會員的請求。

You should make an application to the embassy for a visa.

你應向大使館申請簽證。

§2.2發(fā)散思維

1. allow v.允許，容許

allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事

The nurse allowed him to stay in hospital for another two days.

那個護士準許他在醫(yī)院再住兩天。

allow doing sth.允許做某事

We don’t allow making noise here,so you must keep quiet.

我們不允許在這兒弄出噪音，請你保持安靜。

allow vt.給予(時間、金錢)；同意給予。后常接雙賓語。

He allows his wife $200 a month for clothes.

他每個月給妻子200美元買新衣服。

Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes.

請給我一分鐘的時間讓我換換衣服。

Please allow yourself an hour to get to the airport.

請給自己留出一小時的時間好趕往飛機場。

allow for顧及，考慮到

This journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.

這趟旅行通常需時三周，但是你應考慮到惡劣天氣所造成的延誤。

We must allow for the train being late-it always is.

我們必須考慮到火車會晚點，它一向如此。

You can’t make it in an hour;you must allow for the heavy traffic.

一個小時你是到達不了的，你要考慮到交通是很擁擠的。

2. otherwise adv.要不然，否則；另外，別樣；在其他方面

He reminded me of what I should have otherwise forgotten.

他提醒了我，要不然我就忘了。

He thinks otherwise.

他是另外一種想法。

He thinks otherwise he’s a good worker.

從另一方面來說他是個好工人。

otherwise conj.(并列連詞，同or else)否則，不然(常與虛擬語氣連用)

You should go now,otherwise you’ll miss the bus.

你應該現在走，不然你就趕不上公交車。

Do come earlier next time,otherwise you’ll be punished.

下次一定早點來，否則就懲罰你。

He is old and sick,otherwise he would be working.

他年老有病，不然他會上班的。

otherwise adj.另外的，別樣的；其他方面的

Some are wise,some are otherwise.

有些人賢明，有些人則不然。

His students in English are also his otherwise teachers.

這些人在英語方面是他的學生，可是在其他方面卻是他的老師。

Unit19

§2.1 詞句貫通

1.pay back償還；報答；報復

Can you lend me some money? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.

你能借給我一些錢嗎？我明天就還你。

He paid me back the 100 dollars he owed me.

他把欠我的100美元還給我了。

He paid the money back soon after he got a well-paid job.

他找到高薪工作后，很快就把錢還給了我。

Susan doesn’t know how to pay him back for his help.

蘇珊得到他的幫助，不知如何報答。

He paid me back by not coming.

他沒來，以示對我的報復。

2.mercy n.仁慈，憐憫，寬恕；僥幸，幸運

The general showed no mercy,and his prisoners were all killed.

那位將軍沒有仁慈，他所有的犯人都被處死了。

It’s a mercy that the accident happened so close to the hospital.

很僥幸，這次事故發(fā)生在離醫(yī)院不遠處。

have mercy on/upon sb.;show mercy to sb.

寬恕、憐憫某人

They have no mercy on the poor father and daughter.

他們不憐憫這對可憐的父女。

Have mercy on me,please.

請寬恕我吧。

beg for mercy 乞求/請求寬恕

He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.

他跪下來，乞求寬恕。

at the mercy of “任由……擺布，在……掌握中”

I shouldn’t like to be at the mercy of such a cruel man.

我不想任由這個殘忍的家伙擺布。

They were lost at sea,at the mercy of the winds and waves.

他們在海上迷失了方向，任由風浪擺布。

We were at the mercy of the enemy.

我們的命運在敵人的掌握中。

3.envy vt.羨慕，妒忌

What a grand thing it is to be a musician! How I envy you.

當一名音樂家有多偉大啊!我真羨慕你。

envy后常接雙賓語，構成envy sb. sth.“忌妒某人的……，羨慕某人的……”。

I envy you your health.

我羨慕你的健康。

I envied him his experience.

我羨慕他的豐富經驗。

I don’t envy you your journey in this bad weather.

我不羨慕你的旅行，天氣這么不好。

How I envy you your talent!

我真是羨慕你的才能喲!

4.tear up撕毀；取消

John tore up his test paper so that his father wouldn’t see his low grade.

約翰撕毀了他的試卷，生怕他爸爸看到他得了那么低的分數。

She tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.

她氣憤地撕毀了那封信，把它扔進了垃圾箱。

They tore up the agreement without any reason.

他們無緣無故地取消了那份協(xié)議。

5.swear v.發(fā)誓；宣誓；斷言；保證

They swore eternal friendship.

他們發(fā)誓友情不渝。

He swore never to drink.

他發(fā)誓絕不再喝酒。

He swore to tell us the truth.

他發(fā)誓給我們說實話。

He swore to be faithful to us.

他發(fā)誓效忠我們。

He swore his story was true.

他發(fā)誓他所講的是真實的。

I swear that you are wrong.

我斷言你錯了。

swear to having done sth.

發(fā)誓說做過某事，堅持說做過某事

He swore to having been there then.

他發(fā)誓說當時他在那里。

I swore to having paid for the goods.

我發(fā)誓說已付了貨款。

6.declare vt.宣布；聲明

The new government declared a state of war with Germany.

新政府宣布與德國處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)。

Jones was declared the winner of the match.

瓊斯被宣布是這場比賽的勝者。

India declared her independence in 1947.

1947年印度宣布獨立。

She declared that she didn’t want to see him again.

她聲明她再也不想見他。

The Chinese government declared that Taiwan is part of China.

中國政府聲明，臺灣是中國的一部分。

declare sb./sth.(to be)…“宣布成為……；聲明是……

He declared himself to be a member of their Party.

他宣布加入他們的黨派。

His actions declared him to be an honest man.

他的行為表明他是個誠實的人。

7.court n.法庭，法院；開庭；球場

The court found him guilty.

法庭發(fā)現他有罪。

The prisoner was brought to court for trial.

那個犯人被帶上法庭接受審判。

The case was settled out of court.

該案件在庭外解決了。

Several cases await trial at the next court.

下次開庭有幾個案件等著審判。

He met her at the tennis court.

他在網球場見到了她。

Are all the players on court yet?

所有球員都到場地了嗎？

take sb.to court 對某人起訴，控告

She decided to take him to court.

她決定控告他。

注：court很多情況下不加冠詞。

8.murder vt.謀殺；殺害

He murdered the old woman for her money.

他殺害了那位老婦人以獲取她的錢財。

He murdered his rival in cold blood.

他殘忍地殺害了他的對手。

Gandhi was murdered by an Indian who opposed his views.

甘地被一位反對他的主張的印度人所殺害。

murder n.謀殺；兇殺；兇殺案

a case of murder一起兇殺案

an attempted murder殺人未遂

commit murder犯殺人罪

She cried,“Murder!”她大喊：“殺人了!”

He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.

他承認殺人，被判終身監(jiān)禁。

There were three murders in one month.

一個月之內發(fā)生了三起兇殺案。

The number of murders is rising in San Francisco.

在舊金山，兇殺案的數量在不斷增加。

9.immediately adv.立刻；馬上

He came home immediately after work.

他一下班就馬上回家。

I wrote back to her immediately.

我立刻給她寫了回信。

immediately conj.一……就……

Immediately he came home,I told him about that.

他一回家，我就告訴他那件事了。

She recognized me immediately she saw me.

她一看到我就認出了我。

I left immediately the clock struck twelve.

12點的鐘聲一響我就離開了。

10.conflict n.沖突；戰(zhàn)斗

Nations must not settle their differences by armed conflicts.

各國不應通過武裝沖突解決國家之間的分歧。

There is no conflict between church and state in Britain now.

在英國教堂與政府之間已不存在矛盾。

You should avoid conflict with your neighbors.

你應避免與鄰居爭執(zhí)。

come into conflict with與……沖突；與……有矛盾

The two sides came into conflict last week,causing 5 people dead and many injured.

雙方上周發(fā)生了沖突，造成5人死亡，多人受傷。

The husband often comes into conflict with his wife.

這位丈夫經常與妻子發(fā)生矛盾。

in conflict with與……沖突；與……有矛盾

My interests are in conflict with theirs.

我的利益與他們的沖突。

His words are in conflict with his actions.

他的言行不一致。

§2.2 發(fā)散思維

1.as far as

①到某一指定地點；遠達

He walked as far as the post office.

他一直步行到郵局。

I’ll see you off as far as the airport.

我將一直送你到飛機場。

②同樣的距離

We didn’t go as far as others.

我們沒有別人走的那樣遠。

③(程度，范圍)就……而言；至于，盡……

As far as I know,he isn’t coming to the party.

就我所知，他不會來參加這次聚會。

I’ll help you as far as I can.

我將盡我所能幫助你。

This is as far as we go.

我們到達終點了。

as/so far as…be concerned就……而言

As far as I am concerned,I cannot object to your marriage.

就我個人而言，我不反對你們的婚事。

As far as he is concerned,he can’t afford such an expensive car.

就他而言，他買不起這么貴的汽車。

2.order vt.命令；下令

order后可接名詞作賓語。

The chairman ordered silence.

主席要求大家安靜。

order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事

The policeman ordered the drunken man leave the shop.

警察命令那個醉漢離開商店。

The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a week.

醫(yī)生指示我要我休息一周。

She ordered the baggage to be brought to her room.

她吩咐把行李搬進她的房間。

order后可接that從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“should+v.”形式，should可省略。

The king ordered that the man be released.

國王下令釋放那個人。

The officer ordered that the guns be fired.

軍官下令開炮。

order有時可與某些副詞或介詞短語連用。

He ordered me away.他命令我走開。

The father ordered his son out of the house.

父親要兒子離開家。

Unit20

§2.1詞句貫通

1.curiosity n.好奇；好奇心

She’s full of curiosity.

她充滿好奇。

I have very little curiosity about her private life.我對她的私生活極少好奇。

He did it from curiosity.他因好奇做了那件事。

Looking up,I saw his eyes fixed on me in curiosity.

抬頭一看，我看到他在好奇地看著我。

She has a burning curiosity to know the secret.

她很想知道那個秘密。

There are some who show great curiosity about other people’s affairs.

有些人就是特別喜歡打聽別人的事。

The boy was dying of a curiosity to know what was in the box.

那少年極渴望知道那箱子里到底裝了什么東西。

2.decoration n.裝飾；裝潢

The vase is just for decoration.

那個花瓶只是為了裝飾。

The decoration of the bedroom was done by my wife.

臥室的裝飾是我太太做的。

We put Christmas decorations on the tree.

我們將圣誕節(jié)裝飾品掛在樹上。

decorate vt.裝飾；修飾

She decorated her room with flowers.

她用鮮花裝飾她的房間。

All the walls of his room are decorated with pictures of rock singers.

他房間的每面墻壁上都掛著搖滾歌手的照片作為裝飾。

How much will it cost to decorate the house?

裝修這間房子要花多少錢？

3.date back to追溯到；上溯到

This building dates back to 1823.

這棟建筑是1823年所建。

This custom dates back to the 16th century.

這風俗起源于16世紀。

This town dates back to Roman times.

這個城鎮(zhèn)可追溯到羅馬時代。

4.in terms of就……而言；從……角度；根據；按照

A 200-year-old building is very old in terms of American history.

從美國歷史來看，200年的建筑是很古老的了。

In terms of natural resources it is one of the poorest countries in Western Europe.

就自然資源來說，它是西歐最貧乏的國家之一。

In terms of money we’re quite rich,but not in terms of happiness.

從金錢的角度來說，我們是很富有，但從幸福的角度來說，我們不富有。

5.technical adj.技術的；工藝的；專業(yè)的

He has had good technical training.

他受過良好的技術培訓。

The violinist has technical skill but not much feeling.

這位小提琴手技巧不錯，但缺乏感情。

At a technical college students learn such subjects as engineering,building,etc.

在技校，學生學習諸如工程、建筑等課程。

This process needs a high level of technical skill.

這一過程需要很高的技術水平。

This is a technical magazine.

這是一本專業(yè)雜志。

The book is too technical for the general reader.

這本書太專業(yè)，不適合一般讀者。

6.root n.根源；來源；根

The love of money is the root of all evil.

愛錢乃萬惡之源。

The root of the problem is that we didn’t have much training.

問題的根源是我們當時的訓練不夠。

His absence is the root of the trouble.他沒來，這是麻煩的根源。

The root of a plant grows deep into the soil.植物的根扎在土壤的深處。

Trees often have deep roots.樹通常有很長的根。

have root(s) in…起源于……

His unhappiness has its root in his boyhood.

他的不幸起源于他的少年時代。

7.climate n.氣候；(具有某種氣候的)地區(qū)

The climate of Italy is milder than that of Britain.

意大利的氣候比英國的溫和。

We have a tropical climate here.

我們這里是熱帶性氣候。

He couldn’t stand that terrible English climate.

他忍受不了英國那種糟糕的天氣。

I like to live in a warm climate.

我喜歡住在溫暖的地區(qū)。

The doctor suggested that she go to a drier climate.

醫(yī)生建議她去一個氣候較干燥的地區(qū)。

注：climate指某一地區(qū)長期的氣象狀態(tài)；特定日子的天氣情況用weather。

8.dig up挖出；掘起

Father dug up an old coin in the garden.

爸爸在花園里掘到一枚古幣。

Harry was digging up potatoes while George was picking plums.

哈里在挖土豆，而喬治在摘李子。

They dug the tree up by the roots.

他們把那棵樹連根挖起。

9.accompany vt.陪伴；陪同；伴著；附帶；伴奏

She often accompanies her friend to the concert.

她經常陪同朋友去聽音樂會。

He was accompanied by his girlfriend.

他有女友陪著。

I’ll accompany you as far as the station.

我將陪你到車站。

She asked me to accompany her to the airport.

她要求我陪她到機場去。

Strong winds accompanied the rain.

強風伴著雨來。

Thunder accompanies lightning.

雷隨閃電而來。

Tom accompanied his speech with gestures.

湯姆在演講時做手勢。

The singer was accompanied on the piano by her husband.

那名歌手由她的丈夫以鋼琴伴奏。

§2.2 發(fā)散思維

1.find n.發(fā)現；發(fā)現物

find作名詞，一般指財寶、礦藏等的發(fā)現，也可指通過發(fā)掘而得來的或偶然獲得的貴重物品，通常作可數名詞。

This old painting is quite a find.

這張舊畫是一個重大的發(fā)現。

He knew he had made a find.

他知道他發(fā)現了寶物。

I had a great find in a second-hand bookshop yesterday.

昨天我在二手書店發(fā)現了一本很有價值的書。

She made a find in that antique shop.她在那家古玩店發(fā)現了一個寶物。

That old table was a real find.那張舊桌子真是一件寶物。

The cave paintings are the finds of the century.這些洞穴繪畫是世紀之發(fā)現。

2.spare adj.業(yè)余的；閑暇的；備用的

a spare tyre備用輪胎

a spare room備用房間

What do you usually do in your spare time?

業(yè)余時間你都做些什么？

spare v.①留出，擠出，騰出，勻出

Can you spare me five minutes? I want your advice.

你能抽出五分鐘時間嗎？我想聽聽你的建議。

Father couldn’t spare the car,so John had to walk.

父親騰不出車來，所以約翰只好步行。

Can you spare an extra ticket for me?

你能勻出一張票給我嗎？

②省去，不用

Use the telephone and spare yourself a visit.

打個電話吧，省得再跑一趟。

I want to spare him the trouble of seeing me off at the airport.

我不想讓他到機場給我送行。

③（用于否定句）吝惜，舍不得

spare no effort/no trouble不遺余力，努力

He didn’t spare any effort on his studies.

他很努力地學習。

No trouble was spared to make sure the guests enjoyed themselves.

（我們）已竭盡全力來保證客人們玩得開心。

④使免受（痛苦），不傷害，饒（命）

The doctor tried to spare him from pain.

醫(yī)生盡量不讓他受痛苦。

Take my money but spare my life!

把錢拿去，饒我一命吧!

to spare剩余的；常用作后置定語。

I caught the train with only a few minutes to spare.

我趕上火車時，就只剩下幾分鐘了。

We have just enough money to buy it,with 11 pence to spare.

我們剛好有足夠的錢買下它，還剩11個便士。