1. 單元分析與學(xué)習(xí)建議。
2. 重要單詞短語的用法。
3. 閱讀材料中的難點句的解釋與分析。
知識總結(jié)與歸納：
（一）單元內(nèi)容介紹與分析：
1. 本單元主題：介紹兩種絕癥--艾滋病和癌癥，以及通過兩個患者的經(jīng)歷探討了對疾病的人生態(tài)度。
2. 學(xué)習(xí)材料：聽力材料：介紹一位疾病防控中心的工作人員的工作情況以及這位醫(yī)生對自己工作的感受和建議。閱讀材料：
（1）BORN DYING：介紹了有關(guān)艾滋病的概念，傳播途徑，全世界艾滋病的傳播特別是兒童患艾滋病的情況；同時介紹了主人公XiaoHua在身患艾滋病的情況下以樂觀的態(tài)度幫助艾滋病人的行為和她對生活的態(tài)度。
（2）DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER-THE DAY MY LIFE EBDED…AND BEGAN!：介紹一位癌癥患者在醫(yī)生的治療和親人朋友的幫助下戰(zhàn)勝病魔和由此對生活的新認識。
3. 語法學(xué)習(xí)：虛擬條件句，wish / as if ＋名詞性從句（虛擬語氣）
4. 學(xué)習(xí)建議：對所學(xué)的單詞按類別進行歸類：如表示感染，傳染的詞匯：infect; infection, transmit；contract等。
（二）重要單詞短語的用法，
1. infect：傳染，感染，常用短語：become infected with:
Can people become infected with HIV by swimming in a pool, holding hands or kissing someone with HIV ?
2. via：通過，經(jīng)過，憑借=through, by way of…
Medical studies indicate that the AIDS virus cannot be transmitted via the following routes: glasses, swimming pool; mosquitoes; other insects or giving blood.
We flew to Athens via Paris.
3. persuade：勸說；persuade sb. to do sth.
Xiao Hua is trying to change people’s fear by creating a network of patients of doctors that can persuade hospitals and companies to spend more money on AIDS research and education.
4. lack：缺少；a lack of….
The disease is spreading fast in Africa and parts of Asia, mainly because of a lack of proper health care, prevention and education. And what’s more, the drugs that are available are much too expensive.
5. strength：力量，力氣，強度；
注意比較：power：權(quán)力，動力，電力；
force：武力。
They helped me find the strength I needed to recover and they kept me from feeling sad and lonely.
They decided to work out the problem by peace instead of by force.
The chairman was forced to resign following a boardroom power struggle.
6. on the contrary：正相反
-Didn’t you find the film exciting ?
-On the contrary, I nearly fell asleep half way through it.
注意另一個短語：on the other hand：另一方面。
I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his attitude towards the job.
7. for the moment：暫時
注意比較以下含moment的短語：at the moment; in a moment; at any moment
The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment, but I know that I will never be completely free from it.
I’m very busy at the moment, but I’ll do it later.
The doctor will be here in a moment.
Be careful. He might come back at any moment.
8. suffer from：遭受（痛苦，疾病，損失，災(zāi)難）
The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients suffer from. They also have to deal with people’s fear of the disease.
9. a great many：許多……=a good many/ a large number of… 后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
The doctor asked me a great may questions and took samples of my blood.
I remember going to London a good many years ago.
The information has proved useful to a great many people.
10. break down：破壞，分解，崩潰，壞了
We had broken down the resistance of the enemy.
The police tried to break down the prisoner’s opposition.
The machine will break down if you don’t take care of it.
The washing machine seems to have broken down again.
He has completely broken down in health.
Mary broke down tearfully when she was told the death Of her husband.
Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.
（三）難點句的解釋與分析
1. Most people who have AIDS manage to survive only a few years after they get the disease．
多數(shù)得艾滋病人在染病后只能活幾年。
manage管理，經(jīng)營，對付，想方設(shè)法：
He manages a large business for his mother.
World affairs should be managed by all countries in the world.
I managed to get what I wanted.
survive意為：幸存，從……中逃出．既可作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞。另外，survive還有“比……活得長”之意，此時是及物動詞，必須跟賓語。
2. I remember having an empty feeling in my stomach and thinking that my life was going to end.
我記得我當(dāng)時感到腦子里一片空白，并認為我的生命即將走到盡頭。
（1）remember doing sth．“記得做過某事”。而remember to do sth，“記住去做某事”。
I remember posting your letter．我記得把你的信寄出去了。
You must remember to post my letter on your way home.
你一定要記住在回家的路上把我的信寄出去。
（2）to end到了盡頭，結(jié)束
3. They helped me to find the strength I needed to recover and they kept me from feeling sad and lonely.
他們幫助我建立康復(fù)的信心，使我不感到悲傷和孤獨。
注意比較：keep sb.／sth. from doing sth. 與keep sb.／sth. doing sth.
前者意思是“使某人不做某事”；后者是“使某人做某事”，試比較下列詞句。
He kept me waiting for a long time.
We must do something to keep the roof from falling.
We’d better keep the fire burning.
We must keep them from getting to know our plans.
3. Living with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is to take every chance to live life to the fullest.
患癌癥讓我認識到生命的珍貴。及抓住一切機會充實生活是何等重要。
living with cancer是個動名詞短語作主語
Serving the people heart and soul is our duty. 全心全意為人民服務(wù)是我們的職責(zé)。
Learning English well helps us communicate with other people better .
學(xué)好英語有助于我們與其他的人更好地交流。
（四）注意理解下列條件狀語從句和wish后面的賓語從句：
1. “I wish I could remember more about my mother and I wish that she were here with me and that we weren’t sick.” She often said.
2. There were days when I wished that I were dead so that I would not have to feel so sick.
3. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.
4. “If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these patients.” Said Xiao Hua, after knowing that she will die before having a chance to grow old.
說明：從語境上判斷，這些句子說的都是現(xiàn)實或?qū)碛肋h無法實現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。這在語法上將叫做虛擬語氣。
【典型例題】
1. A teacher must make sure that every one of his students develops_____.
A. extremely B. fairly C. hurriedly D. properly
分析：D
解析：properly相當(dāng)于 in a proper way：用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?/p>
2. It seemed that them are out of work now.
A. a great many B. a good many of
C. a great deal of D. much
分析：B
解析：a great deal of，much只修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a good many of接復(fù)數(shù)代詞。
3. John is good at his job but he seems to confidence.
A. lack B. short C. be short D. lack in
分析：A
解析：lack（vt.）：be lacking in=be short of缺乏；不足。
4. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had him to stop smoking.
A. persuading B. promising C . having D. making
分析：A
解析：promise sb.to do sth. 答應(yīng)某人做某事，與句子意義不吻合。
5. While shopping people sometimes can't help into buying something they don't really need.
A. persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. to persuade
分析：C
解析：can’t help在句中意義為“情不自禁”，其后接doing sth.；persuade同people之間存在被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動形式。
6. High interest rates people from borrowing money.
A. discourage B. protect C. save D. disturb
分析：A
解析：discourage sb.from doing sth．阻止某人做某事，為固定用法。
7. A laser beam can be turned into a weapon.
A. dead B. dying C. deadly D. death
分析：C
解析：句意為“激光能變成殺人武器。”deadly adj. 致命的；極有害的，與句意吻合。
8. The outline of the figure was barely in the darkness.
A. possible B. comfortable
C. visible D. sensible
分析：C
解析：句意為“黑暗中隱約可見那人的輪廓。”visible可見的；看得見的；明顯的，與句意吻合。
9. Income from certain shares may be immune taxation.
A. in B. from C. at D. on
分析：B
解析：be immune from….免除……為固定用法。
10. The special TV report regular programming.
A. missed B. lost C. bothered D. disrupted
分析：D
解析：句意為“電視特別報道擾亂了固定的電視節(jié)目。”disrupt中斷；擾亂；使混亂，與句意相吻合。
【模擬試題】（答題時間：50分鐘）
一. 單項選擇：
1. Alice trusts you; only you can her to give up the foolish idea.
A. suggest B. attract C. tempt D. persuade
2. We went to America Tokyo.
A. to B. at C. via D. on
3. Don’t chances by driving too fast.
A. make B. take C. have D. give
4. However, at times this balance in nature is , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A. troubled B. disrupted C. confused D. puzzled
5. of disease is one of the duties of the government health officers.
A. Prevention B. Attention C. Notice D. Attraction
6. Some diseases are by certain water animals.
A. transplanted B. transformed C. transported D. transmitted
7. You weren’t boring me. , you were interesting me frightfully.
A. On contrary B. By contraries
C. To the contrary D. On the contrary
8. Never identify wealth happiness.
A. in B. to C. with D. from
9. The doctor my illness as a rare skin disease.
A. tested B. checked C. told D. diagnosed
10. Anyone with a bad cold may the people around him.
A. infect B. approach C. indicate D. reform
二. 完型填空：
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This 1 called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy _2__.
During the hours when you __3__ your work, you may say that you’re ‘hot’. That’s true. At the time of day when you feel most _4__ in your work, your cycle of body temperature is _5__ its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For _6_ it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it _7_ such familiar monologues（自言自語）as: “Get up John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation of the trouble is that John is at his low __8__ and energy peak in the evening, __9__ family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize __10__ these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the __11__ has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life _12__ it better. _13__ can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must __14__ late anyway. Counteract（對換）your cycle, __15__ by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do _16__ in the day, __17__ before usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better as you’re at your low point. Whenever possible, do __18__ tasks in the afternoon and _19__ tasks requiring more energy or concentration （精神集中）for your __20__ hours.
1. A. might be B. must be C. need be D. can be
2. A. circle B. recycle C. cycle D. crisis
3. A. go through B. see through C. break through D. labor through
4. A. energetic B. active C. effective D. lazy
5. A. on B. at C. over D. in
6. A. other B. another C. one another D. others
7. A. owes to B. leads to C. leads into D. attributes to
8. A. temper B. thought C. temperature D. mood
9. A. Much B. Many C. Such D. More
10. A. how B. that C. which D. what
11. A. house B. family C. home D. room
12. A. fit B. use C. like D. look
13. A. Hobby B. Characteristic C. Interest D. Habit
14. A. stay away B. stay out C. stay at D. stay up
15.A. to degree B. to some degree C. to the degree D. to certain degree
16. A. early B. daily C. yearly D. monthly
17. A. rise B. raise C. arise D. arisen
18. A. usual B. regular C. normal D. average
19. A. keep B. continue C. save D. hold
20. A. clearer B. harder C. sharper D. easier
二. 閱讀理解：
Less TV Reduce Kids Weight
PALO AITO, California-“ Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter-even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise,” US researchers said last week.
A study of 192 third and fourth grades, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds（0.91kg）less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.
“The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity,” said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician （兒科專家）at Stanford University.
“ American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing games, and rates of childhood being very fat have doubt over the past 20 years,” Robinson said.
In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies’ annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third.
Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continue their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet nor took part in any extra exercise.
“One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around and burning off calories,” Robinson said.
“Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more,” Robinson added.
1. The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that ____.
A. children will get fatter if they eat too much.
B. children will get thinner if they eat less.
C. children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV.
D. children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV.
2. According to the passage, the time American children usually spend on watching TV ____.
A. is more than four hours a day.
B. is less than four hours a day.
C. doubled in the last twenty years.
D. is more than on any other activities.
3. The time children spend on TV viewing every day is suggested to be about ___.
A. six hours B. eight hours C. three hours D. one hour
4. Which of the following is right ?
A. Children usually eat fewer while watching TV.
B. Children usually eat more while watching TV.
C. Children eat the same amount of meals while watching TV.
D. Children usually eat nothing while watching TV.
5. Why can watching TV increase kids’ weight according to the passage ?
A. They usually eat more while watching TV.
B. They burn off fewer calories.
C. They change their diet while watching TV.
D. Both A and B
【試題答案】
一. 單項選擇：
1. D 句意為“只有你才能勸說她放棄這愚蠢的主意。”
2. C 句意為“我們途經(jīng)東京去美國。”via（prep）經(jīng)過，與句意吻合。
3. B 句意為“不要冒險將車開得太快。”take chances碰碰運氣；冒險，與句意相吻合。
4. B 句意為“然而，自然界的這種平衡往往會被破壞，從而導(dǎo)致大量可能無法預(yù)見的后果。”disrupt破壞；擾亂，與句意相吻合。
5. A prevention of disease預(yù)防疾病。
6. D 句意為“一些疾病是通過水生動物傳播的。”transmit（疾病等的）傳播，與句意相吻合。
7. D on the contrary（與此）相反，為固定表達法。
8. C identify…with. 把……和……等同起來，為固定表達法。
9. D 句意為“醫(yī)生診斷出我的病是一種罕見的皮膚病。”
10. A 句意為“重感冒患者可以傳染給他周圍的人。”
二. 完型填空：
1. A 早晨起床很難以致成了一種痛苦，這可能被稱為懶惰。B選項過于絕對。D項中can表示推測一般用于疑問句或否定句。
2. C. 但是Dr. Kleitman做出了新的解釋，他已經(jīng)證明了每個人都有一個每日的生物周期。即生物鐘。 Circle：圓圈；recycle:再循環(huán)；crisis：危機。
3. D 在你非常努力地做事情期間，你可能會感覺“熱”。Go through：經(jīng)歷，做完，檢查；see through：看穿，識破；break through：突破，突圍。
4. A 當(dāng)你在工作中感到最精力充沛時，active：積極的；effective：有效的；lazy：懶惰的。此處是講人身體的生物周期。所以只有A項最合適。
5. B 人的體溫循環(huán)處于最高峰。固定詞組：at one’s peak
6. D 對某些人來說，最高峰是在正午之前，對另一些人來說是在下午或晚上。此處others與上文的some相呼應(yīng)。
7. B 還沒有人能對此作出解釋，但是這一點卻導(dǎo)致了這種熟悉的自言自語……
8. C 引起這種麻煩的一種可能性解釋就是John的體溫正處在低值而他的生物鐘高峰在晚間。
9. A 當(dāng)夫婦倆意識到這種生物周期意味著什么時，許多的家庭爭吵也就結(jié)束了。Quarrelling作為抽象名詞，屬于不可數(shù)名詞，前面只能用much修飾。
10. D
11. B 同時也意識到家庭中的每個成員各自的生物周期屬于那一類。
12. A 你無法改變你的生物周期，但是你可以使你的生活更好地適應(yīng)他。
13. D Dr. Kleitman相信個人的生活習(xí)慣能夠幫助你去更好地適應(yīng)你的生物鐘。
14. D 也許晚間你困了，但是你覺得你必須無論如何要熬夜到很晚。Stay away：離開；stay out：外出。
15. B 這樣在某種程度上，通過習(xí)慣性地熬夜比你所需要的時間更晚一些，來調(diào)整你的生物鐘。
16. A 如果你的生物鐘在早晨處于低潮，但在一天很早的時候要處理重要的工作。
17. A 那就比平常時間早點起床。Rise：升起，起床，站起來。
18. B 這樣做不會改變你的生物鐘，但堅持下來你會在你的生物鐘低潮時能夠把工作做得更好。在可能的情況下，在下午做一些有規(guī)律的工作。
19. C 把那些需要更多精力和精神高度集中的工作留到你的思維最敏捷的時候去做。Save：保留。
20. C sharp：思路敏捷，靈敏。
三. 閱讀理解：
1. D 根據(jù)：Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter可以得出結(jié)論。“關(guān)掉電視有助于防止兒童發(fā)胖。”
2. A 根據(jù)第四段：American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing games，可以得知：美國兒童用于看電視的時間每天超過了4個小時。
3. C 根據(jù)第五段：the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third.經(jīng)過計算可以得出每日看電視的時間大約在三小時。
4. B 根據(jù)最后一段可以得知：兒童看電視時有吃東西的習(xí)慣。
5. D 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段：he children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around and burning off calories和最后一段：eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more可知看電視增加體重的原因。