一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.單詞
A advise, contain, discuss, examine
B collect, control, fire, might, roof, wonder
2.短語(yǔ)
A as much as, at the end of, be rich/low in, burn up, change into, in the future, put on weight/lose weight, scores of, soft drink.
B belong to, break out, catch fire, get close to, in that case, look out, lose one’s life, on fire, on the 11th floor, put out
3.句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1. I advise you(not) to do something.
2. You’d better(not) do something.
3. I suggest(that) you(not) do something.
4. Why not do something? / Why don’t you do something?
5. Find out where the nearest fire exit is as soon as you arrive at your hotel.
6. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it .
7. The smoke from the fire was too thick for them to be able to land on the roof.
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1. advise; suggest
advise 與suggest 都可作“建議”講，二者用法有同有異。
(1)相同點(diǎn)
表示建議做某事，advise與suggest都可采用下列三種句型:
① + 名詞
② + 動(dòng)名詞
③ + that從句（從句中常用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。）
eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.
He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.
He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.
(注：只要是用從句表示建議該做的事，從句中就可用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。)上面的第三句可轉(zhuǎn)化為：
It was suggested that we (should) start early.
What he suggested was that we(should) start early.
His suggestion was that we (should) start early.
(2)不同點(diǎn)
①advise后可以跟人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)，而suggest后不可以跟人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)。故可以說(shuō)：
advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that...
前三種結(jié)構(gòu)中不可將advise改為suggest，如：
他建議我們?nèi)⒂^博物館。
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.
[誤]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
[誤]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.
②suggest還有“暗示、表明、說(shuō)、指出（一個(gè)事實(shí)）”的意思。此時(shí)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陳述了一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用陳述語(yǔ)氣。)比較：
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建議該做某事，從句中用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should在從句中省略。)
2. except; besides; except for+名詞/except that+句子用法區(qū)別。
except 相當(dāng)于but,表示“除了……以外（不包括在內(nèi)）”，常與all, nobody,everything,everybody, nowhere等表示整體概念的詞連用。besides相當(dāng)于apart from，表示“除……以外（尚有）”之義。except for.../except that ...表示“除了……”之意，引述一個(gè)相反的原因或細(xì)節(jié)，因而部分地修正了句中的主要意思。如：Your article is well written except for some grammar mistakes.你的文章寫(xiě)得好，只是有幾處語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。
3． in future;in the future; for the future
in future意思是“從今以后”。例如：
In future,be careful with your pronunciation.今后要注意你的發(fā)音。
Such a bad habit must be got rid of in future.今后成長(zhǎng)須改掉這樣的壞習(xí)慣。
in the furture意思是“將來(lái)、今后的日期”，但 不一定就是從今立即開(kāi)始，而是將來(lái)的時(shí)間。例如：
No one can know what will happen in the future.沒(méi)有人知道將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
My sister wants to be actress in the future.我妹妹將來(lái)想當(dāng)演員。
for the future的意思是“就未來(lái)而論、今后”，作“今后”解時(shí)可與in future替換使用。例如：
What are your plans for the future when you grow up? 你長(zhǎng)大以后對(duì)你的未來(lái)有什么打算？
For the future, we’ll have to depend on ourselves.今后我們得依靠自己。
4．diet; food
兩者都可作“食物”解。diet指的是習(xí)慣上吃的食物或規(guī)定要吃的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物，如病人的療養(yǎng)飲食。food是一般用語(yǔ)。凡能吃喝的具有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西都可稱food.例如：
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world。中國(guó)的飲食被認(rèn)是世界上最健康的飲食。
Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈湾憻拰?duì)健康都很重要。
He is on a special diet to lose weight.他服用特別飲食以減肥。
The doctor put him on a liquid diet after operation.手術(shù)之后醫(yī)生規(guī)定他吃流食。
They eat different kinds of food which change into energy.他們吃的各種各樣的食物都轉(zhuǎn)化成能量。
His food includes eggs, vegetables, fruit and some soft drinks.他的食物包括雞蛋、蔬菜、水果和一些軟飲料。
5. exmination; exam; test; quiz
examination通常只指正式的“考試”，如期末考試、入學(xué)考試等。exam是examination的縮寫(xiě)，常用于口語(yǔ)，多為學(xué)生使用。test為“小考”成“考查”,quiz為“測(cè)驗(yàn)”,特指事先無(wú)準(zhǔn)備，隨時(shí)進(jìn)行的測(cè)驗(yàn)，也可指（廣播節(jié)目中的）一般知識(shí)測(cè)驗(yàn)、問(wèn)答比賽、猜謎等。例如：
He did very well in the entrance examination. 他在入學(xué)考試中成績(jī)很好。
There’s going to be a physics test this afternoon.今天下午將進(jìn)行物理考試。
The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老師對(duì)我們進(jìn)行了一次五分鐘的小測(cè)驗(yàn)。
6．a(chǎn)s...as...用法小結(jié)
（1）...as+形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...;not as/so+形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...
Their factory is as large as ours.他們的工廠和我們的一樣大。
I study as hard as you.我和你一樣用功學(xué)習(xí)。
He doesn’t get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父母那樣早起床。
（2）……倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.線段AB是線段CD長(zhǎng)的3倍。
（3）as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as; as + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + as
She is as good many records as possible.我們需要盡量多的唱片。
There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.其中的含糖量相當(dāng)于八塊方糖。
I have’t got as much money as I thought.我沒(méi)有原來(lái)想象的那么多錢(qián)。
（5）as much/ many as多達(dá)……，……那么多
On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，進(jìn)行接力賽跑時(shí)，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小時(shí)多達(dá)650卡。
As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多達(dá)700種不同的語(yǔ)言。
He didn’t catch as many as he’d hoped.他沒(méi)有捉住預(yù)想的那么多。
（6）as...as possible; as... as one can
The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can. =The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老師在黑板上應(yīng)盡可能仔細(xì)地把字寫(xiě)好。
Please be as friendly as possible to your friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.請(qǐng)對(duì)你的朋友盡可能友好。
（7）as...as + 年代數(shù)字/名詞
As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。
He walked as far as the post office.他步行到郵局。
（8）as/so far as I know
As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他將要離家3個(gè)月。
（9）as soon as-……就……
Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，請(qǐng)通知我們一聲。
（10）as well as 和；也；還有
He gave me money as well as advice.他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢(qián)。
He studies French as well as English.他不但學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，而且學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。
（11）as/so long as 只要；如果
You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本詞典。
7. be out; put out
be out 指“（燈、火）熄滅”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 put out 意為“熄滅、撲滅” ，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如：
Is the fire out ?
Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.
8. catch fire; on fire
catch fire 意為“著火”，表示動(dòng)作。on fire 意為“著火、在燃燒”，表示狀態(tài)。如：
Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire.
Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.
9. save; rescue
save意為“救、挽救”，是普通而含義廣泛的常用詞。指通過(guò)救援不但使受害者（人、動(dòng)物或物）能脫離危險(xiǎn)或禍患，而且使其在今后能安全地生存下去。有時(shí)可與rescue通用。如:
He operated on her at once, and Edison’s mother was saved.
They fight against the enemy to save their country.
rescue意為“救、營(yíng)救、挽救”，多指在直接的危險(xiǎn)或禍患中給予迅速而有效的救援，一般指救人。如：
Helicopters were sent to rescue them, but it was impossible for them to get close enough.
10. cloth; clothes; dress
cloth指做衣服等用的“衣料、布”。一般作不可數(shù)名詞。如:
I put a piece of wet cloth around my face and lay on the floor for about two hours.
注：用于表達(dá)特殊用途的布，如“桌布、抹布”等時(shí)，cloth用做可數(shù)名詞。如：
He washed a table cloth just now.
clothes意為“衣服”，總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，泛指身上穿的各部分衣著，包括上衣、褲子、內(nèi)衣、背心等。如:
Look at these clothes. They are on Mrs Green’s clothes line.
注意：
（1）“一件衣服”不可說(shuō) a clothes, 應(yīng)說(shuō) an article of clothing;“一套衣服”可說(shuō)a suit(set) of clothes.
(2)clothes 前不可直接用數(shù)詞修飾，如不可說(shuō)three clothes.
(3)clothes 前可用these, those, the, many, few修飾，口語(yǔ)中可用much, little修飾。
(4)chothes作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
dress 可用于可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，用于可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，常指婦女、兒童服裝、內(nèi)衣或外衣等公共場(chǎng)合穿的衣服。用于不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，統(tǒng)指“衣服”。該詞可作動(dòng)詞，意為“給……穿衣”。如：
What colour is Mrs Green’s dress?
He could not wash himself or get dressed.
II．句型
1. advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事（suggest不這樣用）。
①I(mǎi) advise you to take the chance.我建議你抓住機(jī)會(huì)。
②-What do you advise me to do?你建議我怎么辦？
-I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我勸你不要灰心，繼續(xù)干。
advise 還可同suggest一樣，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）和that從句（用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）作賓語(yǔ)。
①-What would you advise?你有什么建議嗎？
-I advise you an early start我建議你早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
②I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建議召開(kāi)一次會(huì)議來(lái)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
③I advise you (should) go to once.我建議你馬上去。
2. had better (not) do sth.最好（不要）做某事。
用來(lái)委婉地提出建議或勸告.had通用于各種人稱和數(shù)的形式.。
①You’d better give up smoking.It dose no good to your health.你最好把煙戒掉，吸煙對(duì)健康沒(méi)好處。
②she had better not come this evening .今晚她最好不要來(lái)。
3.There is sth.wrong with...,......出問(wèn)題了，出毛病了。
相當(dāng)于sth.is wrong with….
①-What’s wrong with you?你怎么了？
-There is something wrong with my back.我的背有點(diǎn)毛病。
②-Is there anything wrong with yous radio?你的收音機(jī)出毛病了嗎？
-Yes.It doesn’t work.是的，不響了。
4.by the age of/at the age of,by到……時(shí)為止。表示的是一段時(shí)間，句子通常用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
at在……時(shí)候。表示的是具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)，句子通常用一般時(shí)態(tài)。
①By the age of ten,he had learned to play the piano.10歲的時(shí)候，他就學(xué)會(huì)了彈鋼琴。
②He was very clever.and at the age of 15 he went to college.他非常聰明，15歲時(shí)上大學(xué)了。
③By the end of this term,we’ll have learned 2000 English words.到本學(xué)期末，我們將學(xué)會(huì)2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
④At the end of this term,we’ll hold an English party.在本學(xué)期末，我們
將舉行一次英語(yǔ)晚會(huì).
5.so…that/such…that如此…以致于/結(jié)果……。
adj.
adv.
so+ adj.+a/an+n.(單數(shù)) +that
many/much/few/little+n.
a/an+adj.+n.(單數(shù))
such+ n.(復(fù)數(shù)) +that
n.(不可數(shù))
例句：①This film is so moving that I want to see it again.這電影太動(dòng)人了，我還想再看一遍。
②He walked so fast that I couldn’t keep up with him.他走得太快，我跟不上。
③This is so interesting a book
such an interesting book
④The villagers were such kind people that they all came to help us.村民們都是好心人，都前來(lái)給我們幫忙。
⑤It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天氣這么好，我們都想出去走走。
⑥There were so many books in the shop that he didn’t know which to buy.書(shū)店里書(shū)那么多，他都不知道買(mǎi)哪些。
三、經(jīng)典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 （NMET 2002）
Boris has brain. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _______ IQ.
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
分析：B。higher是形容詞比較級(jí)修飾IQ，在此表示“……班上沒(méi)有人有更高的智商”，因此是泛指，前面加不定冠詞。
題2 (上海 1996)
I suggest you ________by taking this medicine.
A. to lose weight B. will lose weight
C. lose weight D. are losing weight
分析：C。suggest 后是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)you與lose之間省略了 should.
題3 （NMET 1998）
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to __________.
A. be put up B.give in C. be turned on D. go out
分析：put up 舉起、搭起、張貼等；give in 投降、屈服；turn on 開(kāi)、旋開(kāi)（電燈、自來(lái)水等）。go out 為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，指“（燈、火等）熄滅”。答案為D。 gone out
When the firemen got there ,the fire had been put out.
救火員到時(shí)，火已經(jīng)熄滅了（撲滅了）。
題4 （NMET 2000春）
John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out _____ he phones.
A. as long as B. in order C.in case D. so that
分析：C。as long as只要；in order that為了;in case以防; so that以致.從句意可知, 此題要用 in case.
題5 (NMET 2000)
I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ______.
A. at last B. in case C. one again D. in time
分析:B。A、B、C、D四個(gè)短語(yǔ)意義各不相同，A“最后”；C“再一次”；D“及時(shí)”；B“以防；萬(wàn)一”。從句意來(lái)看，應(yīng)選in case,因?yàn)榫渥影凳尽皫б恍╁X(qián)以防（備用）”之意，相當(dāng)于：I’ll bring some in case I need money.
題6 （NMET 2000）
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up ________ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
分析:D。句中意義為“我還未得及接電話，他就掛斷了”，體現(xiàn)的正是before的特殊意義。答案為D。
題7 （NMET 2000春）
Old Mc Donald gave up smoking for a while ,but soon ______ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
分析：A。表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。
題8 （NMET 2000）
The reporter said that the UFO _______ east to west when he saw it .
A. was travelling B. travelled
C. had been travelling D. was to travel
分析：A。 when he saw it 表示時(shí)間的“那一刻”，指過(guò)去進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
題9 （NMET 1998）
Lisa _______ a book in Chinese last year, but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A.wrote B. has written C . was writing D. had written
分析：C。 but I don’t know whether she has finished it .暗示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)期階段性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。