基礎(chǔ)知識

1.have connection with 與……有聯(lián)系/有關(guān)系

What I have done has no connection with the others.

Does lung cancer have connection with smoking?

拓展：connect 用作及物動詞，意為“連接，聯(lián)系；給……接通電話”；用作不及物動詞意思是“連接；相通；銜接”，be connected with…… 與……有關(guān)系；與……有親戚關(guān)系。

The two cities are connected by a railway.

Please connect me with Beijing University.

She is connected with the Smiths.

2.account 做名詞，意思是“報告；敘述；帳單；帳戶”

Don’t always believe newspaper accounts of events.不要總是相信報紙的報道。

He has an account with the Bank of China.他在中國銀行有帳戶。

相關(guān)短語：collect accounts 收賬 keep accounts 記賬 open an account 開設(shè)帳戶

give a full account of…… 對……一個完整的說明

take……into account/take account of …… 對……加以考慮；對……加以注意

3.run away =escape/flee 意思為：“逃走；離家”，通常和from/with 連用。

He ran away/fled/escaped from that country. 他從那個國家逃了出來。

He usually ran away from school to go to Internet café.他經(jīng)常逃學(xué)去網(wǎng)吧。

相關(guān)短語：run across 遇見，邂逅；run out (of sth.) 用完，用光，耗盡；run into 遇到（困難等），撞見，偶然遇見。

I ran across an old classmate of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上碰到一個老同學(xué)。

Guess who I ran into today? 猜猜我今天碰到誰了？

He seems to run into trouble. 他好象遇到了麻煩。

4.take away 帶走，拿走

She took away all my books. 她拿走了我所有的書。

You may not take these books away from the library.你們不能把這些書帶出圖書館。

拓展：take-away 用做形容詞，意思是“外賣的，帶走的”。

I an too tired to cook. Let’s get something from KFC take-away. 我累得做不了飯了，咱們從肯德基買些外賣來吃吧。

5.point 用做動詞，意思“指向，表明，表示”，point at 指著，對著；point to 指向；point out 指出。

They pointed with their guns at her head but she was not afraid. 他們用槍指著她的頭，可她不害怕。

He pointed out that the project lacked one important thing. 他指出那項計劃中缺少一項重要內(nèi)容。

6. to one’s astonishment = to the astonishment of sb. “令人驚訝的是”。

To my astonishment, he was early. 使我吃驚的是他竟然早到了。

拓展：to one’s surprise 令人吃驚的是 to one’s excitement 令人激動的是

to one’s disappointment 令人失望的是 to one’s sorrow 令人難過的人

to one’s relief 令人慶幸的是 to one’s joy 令人高興的是 to one’s satisfaction 令人滿意的是 to one’s anger 令某人生氣的是

7.lie 撒謊 lied, lied, lying 臥，躺，位于 lay, lain, lying lay 放置，產(chǎn)卵，放下，使躺下 laid, laid, laying

She lied about her age. 她謊報了年齡

It was very hot last night, so he lay on the floor to sleep. 昨晚太熱了，因此他躺在地板上睡覺。

He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的 肩上。

The hens are not laying well at the moment. 現(xiàn)在那些母雞不下蛋。

相關(guān)短語：lie down 躺下，屈服，甘受 lie on one’s back/side/stomach 仰臥/側(cè)臥/俯臥 lie back 向后依靠 lie in 在于，位于（在范圍之內(nèi)） lie on/upon 依靠，全憑，位于（與之接壤） lie to 位于（在某范圍之外）

8.fright 用作名詞，意思為“驚嚇，恐怖”

He was shaking with fright. 他嚇的發(fā)抖。

You gave me a fright jumping out at me like that. 你這樣朝我一撲，把我嚇了一大跳。

拓展：frighten 用做動詞，意思“使驚嚇，使驚恐”。frightened 用作形容詞，意思“受驚的，害怕的”，用來修飾人.Frightening 用做形容詞，意思“引起恐懼的，使驚恐的，駭人的”，多用來修飾物。

I frightened the bird away by moving suddenly.我突然一動，把鳥嚇跑了。

The boy was frightened by the big dog. 那男孩被那條大狗嚇壞了。

I’m frightened of walking home alone in the dark. 我害怕在黑夜單獨走路回家。

She sounded frightened. 聽起來她是嚇壞了。

That’s a frightening experience. 那是一次可怕的經(jīng)歷。

9.die for one’s country 為國捐軀

die of :因……而死（原因多是內(nèi)部、情感、凍餓、生病等），后常加這樣的名詞：cold, poison, illness, old age, a disease, boredom, thirst, sorrow, disappointment, love, a fever ……

die from: 由于……而死（原因常是外部的），如：a wound, lack of food, an accident, over work, careless, drinking, some unknown cause……

dead adj. 死的 death n. 死亡

die down （火，興奮，暴風(fēng)雨）漸弱；（聲音）靜下來

die away （聲音、光線、風(fēng)等）漸弱，漸息

die off (家族、種族等)相繼死亡；（草木）先后枯死

die out 死絕；（風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等）消失，消滅

10.play a trick/tricks on 捉弄某人，對某人惡作劇

The children played a trick on the stranger. 孩子們捉弄那個陌生人。

We should never play tricks on others. 我們都不要捉弄別人。

類似的短語：make fun of 取笑，開某人的玩笑； make a fool of 愚弄，嘲笑某人。

They made fun of Mary because of her strange hairstyle. 他們?nèi)⌒Μ旣惖钠婀职l(fā)型。

Don’t make a fool of poor people. 不要嘲笑窮人。

11.make up

a. 虛構(gòu)，捏造，編造（故事、借口等）

The boy made up a story, but it was not true. 男孩編了個故事但不是真的。

b. 組成，構(gòu)成，常用于被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) be made up of, 意思“由……構(gòu)成”

These three stories made up the whole book=The whole book is made up of these three stories. 全書是由這三篇故事組成的。

c. 化裝，化妝

She never goes out without making herself up first. 她不化妝從不出門。

與make 相關(guān)的短語：

be made from 由……制成（看不到原料）be made of 由……制成（看得出原料） be made in 由（某人/某地）制造 make in to 把……做成 make fun of 取笑 make up for 彌補 make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定決心做某事 make friends 交朋友 make a good effort 做出很大努力 make a fool of 愚弄某人 make a living 謀生 make a plan for 為……做計劃 make a promise 許諾 make a speech 做報告，發(fā)表演講 make an effort 盡心，努力

12.mood 用做名詞，意思是“情緒；心情；壞心境，壞脾氣；氣氛，氛圍”

be/feel in the mood (for sth./to do sth.) 沒有心情（做某事）

I’m just not in the mood for joking. 我沒有開玩笑的心思。

I wonder why he’s in such a mood today. 我想知道他為什么今天的脾氣這么的壞。

固定搭配：in a good/bad mood 情緒（不）好

in one of one’s moods 鬧情緒

He is always in a bad mood.

She was in one of her moods. 她又鬧情緒了。

13.set in 以……為背景 The novel is set in London in the 1960s. 這部小說以20世紀60年代的倫敦為背景

與set 相關(guān)的短語：set about doing sth. 開始做某事 set an example to 為……樹立榜樣 set aside 儲存；存留 set off 動身，起程，出發(fā) set out 出發(fā)，開始 set up 建立，創(chuàng)立，樹立 set ……on fire/set fire to …… 縱火

14.resemble 做動詞，意思為“看起來象，顯得象，象”，不能用于進行時，也不用于被動語態(tài)。

He closely resembles his brother. 他和他哥哥長的很象。

The plant resembles flower in appearance. 這種植物的外形像花。

拓展：resemblance n. resemblance to sb./sth.

Resemblance between A and B

There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys. 這兩個男孩有某些相似之處。

Your story has/shows little or no resemblance to the facts. 你說的與事實相去甚遠，或根本不符。

15.force 做動詞，意思是“強迫，迫使”，常用的固定結(jié)構(gòu)：force sb.to do sth.=force sb.into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事；force one’s way through 強行擠過

They forced her to go there. 他們強迫她去那里。

After the cinema, I forced my way through a crowd. 電影結(jié)束后，我強行擠出人群。

拓展：force 做名詞，“力量，力；兵力，武力；效力”常用的搭配：

by force 靠武力，強行 in force 有效地 come into force 生效 put …into force 施行（法律等）

語法回顧

1. 不定式做賓語和賓語補足語的用法

A. 有些動詞后面只能用動詞不定式做賓語，而不用動名詞做賓語。如：decide, plan, desire, expect, hope, wish, pretend, promise, refuse, afford, agree等，如果不定式賓語還有自己的補足語，通常用it 做形式賓語后接補足語，而將真正的賓語不定式短語放在句末，如：ask, fail, tend, pretend, manage等。

He wanted to go.

I find it interesting to study history.

B. 不定式做賓語補足語

不定式常跟在以下動詞的賓語后做補足語：advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request 等；而在使役動詞 make, let, have 和 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel 等感官動詞后不定式做賓語補足語要省略 to 。如果用于被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶to 。

The doctor advised her to have a good rest. 醫(yī)生建議她好好休息。

Mother told me to come back before 9:00. 媽媽要我9點前回來。

I often hear him sing the song. 我經(jīng)常聽到他唱這首歌。

He is often heard to sing the song. 人們經(jīng)常聽到他唱那首歌。

2. 動詞的-ing 形式（the V- ing Form）

A. 動詞-ing 形式作賓語

以下動詞或詞組后只能用動詞的-ing 形式做賓語，不能用不定式：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, like, lead to, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, practice, suggest, risk, give up, put off, can’t help, can’t stand, be fond of, look forward to 等。

I don’t mind walking. 我不介意步行。

He has finished reading the book. 他已經(jīng)看完了這部書。

B. 動詞-ing 形式作賓語補足語

動詞-ing 形式作賓語補足語常用在 see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, get, have, leave 等動詞所帶的賓語只后，與作賓語的名詞和代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

I found him telling a lie 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在說謊。

She kept her friend waiting for a long time. 她讓朋友等了好久。

做賓語補足語時，V-ing 形式和不定式的區(qū)別，V-ing的形式表示動作正在進行或發(fā)生，不定式表示動作過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。

I saw Tom crossing the road.我看見湯姆在過馬路。

I saw Tom cross the road. 我看見湯姆過了馬路。

3. V-ed形式（過去分詞）做定語和表語的用法。

A. 做定語和表語時V-ing 和 V-ed 的區(qū)別。

a. 它們的主要區(qū)別表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時態(tài)上，在語態(tài)上V-ing形式表示主動，V-ed形式表示被動。在時態(tài)上，V-ing 形式表示的動作往往正在進行，V-ed形式表示的動作已經(jīng)完成。

b. V-ing 形式用做定語時所修飾的通常是指事或物的名詞，做表語時，他的主語也通常是事或物。而V-ed形式做定語時所修飾的通常指人做表語是他的主語也通常是人。

Hearing the exciting news, she was too excited to say a word.

Most of the scientists invited to the meeting came from the USA.

B. 單個的V-ed形式一般前置，但有時也可以后置，這種后置的V-ed形式除了具備形容詞的功能外，其動詞的性質(zhì)也比較強。

That is the car used in the war. 那是戰(zhàn)爭時期使用過的車。

She has a used car. 她有一部舊車。

C. V-ed形式短語做定語要后置，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。

This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.= This is a book which was written by a famous Chinese writer. 這是一本中國著名作家寫的書。

D. V-ed 形式有時還可以用做定語，相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句，前后用逗號分開。

The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the tornado yesterday.= The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the tornado yesterday. 去年蓋的房子，昨天被龍卷風(fēng)毀了。

基礎(chǔ)知識練習(xí)：

一、 單詞

1) Some boys are crazy about reading science of f______.

2) He was one of my Chinese ____________ （同伴）during my stay in Australia.

3) ____________ (偵探) novels are very interesting and full of wisdom.

4) ____________ (打擾) others while they are working is not polite.

5) I am d_______ to do better than Mike.

6) During the 19th century, many people went to California to make their f_______, but some of them didn’t have luck.

7) Most children like sweets, but there are some __________(例外)。

8) He ___________ (驚慌失措) and ran as fast as he could to safety.

9) His second novel __________(確立) his fame as a writer.

10) She ___________(相象) her father in looks.

11) Her dark eyes are very ____________(吸引人)。

12) The birds in the tree flew ____ ____ ____(四面八方)。

13) He lived ______ ______(在貧窮中)all his life.

14) He is giving his Chinese lessons_____ ______ _____(用來交換) English lessons in England.

15) The Three Gorges Dam is still _______ _______(在建設(shè)中)。

二、 語法選擇

1.The teacher asked us _________ so much noise.

a. don’t make b. not make c. not making d. not to make

2.The discovery of new evidence led to _______

a. the thief having caught b. catch the thief

c. the thief being caught d. the thief to be caught

3.Don’t leave the water _________ while you brush you teeth

a. run b. running c. being run d. to run

4.Mr. Smith,_____ of the _______speech, started to read a novel.

a. tired; boring b. tiring; bored c.tired; bored d. tiring; boring

5.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining,_____ as 3M.

a. knowing b. known c.being known d. to be known

6._______ good, the apples were soon sold out.

a. Tasting b. Taste c.Tasted d. Having tasted

7.When she heard the _________news, her eyes were full of ______tears.

a. exciting; excited b. exciting; exciting c. excited; exciting d. excited; excited

8.The storm left,________ a lot of damage to this area.

a. caused b. to have caused c. to cause d. having caused

9.The repairs cost a lot , but it’s money well_____.

a. to spend b. spent. c. being spent d. spending

10.The day we had been looking forward to ________at last.

a. come b. coming c. came d. comes

11.I suggested the man refered to _____ into prison.

a.put b. be put c. being put d. must be put

12.Who did the teacher have _______ the article?

a. to write b. write c. written d. wrote

13. I have no one _______me, for I’m a new comer here.

a. help b. helping c. to help d. to have helped

14.________ many times, but he made the same mistake again.

a. He was told b. Though he was told

c. Having told d. Having been told

15.--Do you feel like ________ there or shall we take a taxi?

--I’d like to walk. But since there isn’t much time left, I’d rather we ________a taxi.

a. walking; hire b. to walk; hire c. to walk; hired d. walking; hired

16.As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers _______by her mother.

a. buying b. being bought c. were bought c. were bought d. bought

17 The computer center,________last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

a. open b. opening c. have opened d. opened

三、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：

1. This story has no connection with reality.

This story ________ _______ _______ ________ reality.

2. According to himself, he is from the USA.

_______ _______ _______ ________ , he is from the USA.

3. I’m tired of this kind of TV programmes.

I ______ ______ ______ ______this kind of TV programmes.

4. He died because of a gun wound in the war.

He _________ __________ a gun wound in the war.

5. His passing the examination surprised everyone.

_______ _______ ______ , he passed the examination.

6. We can’t lose any time.

We _______ ______ ______ _______ ______.

7. It sounds like a good idea.

The idea _______ ________.

8. Huck suggested that they take the man’s boat.

Huck suggested ________ _______ ______ _______.

9. Who persuaded you to give up the foolish idea?

Who persuaded you _____ ______ the foolish idea?

10. Suddenly, we heard a man shouting outside.

Suddenly, a man _______ _______ _______ ______.

11. The story in this novel happened in the USA in the 19th century.

The novel ______ ______ _______ the USA in the 19th century.

12.I don’t want to work now.

I’m not _______ ______ ______ ______ ______ now.

13.Often the lives of writers are similar to the lives of the characters they describe.

Often the lives of writers ________ the lives of the characters they ______.

14.He set off for Beijing early this morning.

He ______ _______ Beijing early this morning.

15.He took a taxi to the airport, but found that the plane had taken off.

He took a taxi to the airport, _______ ________ ________ the plane had taken off.

16.I have noting to do with the matter.

I _____ _____ ______ ______ the matter.

17.We completed the plan before the expected time.

We completed the plan _______ ______ ______ .

18.He left without saying goodbye; we were astonished.

_____ _____ ______, he left without saying goodbye.

19.I could see a man and he was lying on the floor. He was tied up with rope.

I could see a man ______ on the floor, ______ _____ with rope.

20.Billy said: “It’s raining”.

Billy said that ______ _______ ______.

21.I want to do it.

I _______ ______ _____ _______ for it.

22.He was a pilot. He took passenger up and down the river.

He was a pilot ______ _____ up and down the river.

23.He went to the city to try his fortune.

He went to the city to ______ ______ _____.

24.He will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

He will ______ _______ ______ Shanghai tomorrow.

Book5 Module 3 參考答案

一、 單詞拼寫

1. fiction 2.compantions 3.Detective 4.Disturbing 5.determinded 6.fortune 7.exceptions 8.panicked 9.established 10.resembles 11.attractive 12.in all directions 13.in poverty 14.in exchange for 15.under construction.

二、單相選擇

1--5DCBAB 6--10AADBC 11--15 BBCAD 16--17 DD

三、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1. are not connected with 2. To his own account 3. have had enough of

4.died from 5.To everyone’s surprise 6.have no time to lose 7.sounds good 8.taking the man’s boat 9.out of 10.was heard shouting outside 11.is set in 12.in the mood for work/to work 13.resemble; creat 14. left for 15. only to find 16.have no connection with 17. a head of time 18. To our astonishment 19. lying; tied up 20.it was raining 21. I am in the mood 22. taking passengers 23. make his fortune 24. set off for