Unit 3 Going places
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. means n.手段；方法
The quickest means of travel is by plane. 最快的交通工具是飛機。
All the possible means have been tried. 已采取了所有的手段。
注意：means單復數同形，由句意判斷means的單數、復數形式。
搭配by means of 應用；使用
We expressed our thoughts by means of words. 我們用詞句來表達思想。
They made their fortune by means of working hard. 他們靠勤勞發家致富。
2. consider是高考常考動詞之一，其主要用法可歸納為兩點：
(1)考慮 consider+n./pron./doing consider+clause consider+wh-+to do sth.
e.g. Tom said he would consider the problem. 湯姆說他會考慮這個問題的。
He is considering changing his job. 他在考慮調換一下工作。
He considered how he should answer. 他考慮應當如何回答。
They considered what to do next. 他們考慮下一步該怎么辦。
(2)把……看作；認為
consider+that clause consider sb.+(to be)+n./adj.
e.g. They considered that he had made a great mistake. 他們認為他犯了一個大錯誤。
We don’t consider Tom to be our best friend. 我們并不把湯姆當成我們最好的朋友。
They considered themselves very important. 他們自以為非常重要。
3. experience n.&v. 作名詞“經驗”(多作不可數名詞)
Experience is the mother of wisdom. 經驗是智慧之母。
I have no experience of/in teaching. 我沒有教學經驗。
間或作可數名詞，表示某種經驗, 經歷，經歷，經過的事。
e.g. Every experience is of value. 每一份經驗都是寶貴的。
I shall never forget the first night’s experience. 我將永遠不會忘記第一個晚上經歷過的事。
作動詞“經歷、感受、感到”
For the first time, we experienced defeat. 我們第一次感受到了失敗。
4. get away from 擺脫，逃離，受到從輕發落
I won’t b able to get away from the office before 7 o’clock. 我7點前無法離開辦公室。
He was lucky to get away with only a fine. 他算是萬幸，只被罰款了事。
5. watch out （for）注意；留心
Watch out! There is a car coming. 小心！汽車來了。
Watch out for the hole in the road. 留神路上的那個坑。
The staff were asked to watch out for forged banknotes. 已經要求職員留意偽鈔。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
6. as with prep.如同...的情況一樣,如同...一樣， 就。。。而言
As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing this job. 正如畫畫一樣，在做這件事時，你應該耐心細致。
As with the origins of many other events no definite conclusions can be drawn. 就象許多其他事件的根源一樣，做不出什么結論。
As with other professionals, they must learn and relearn throughout their professional lives if they are to keep pace with modern trends and changing needs. 就象其他專業人士一樣，他們必須在職業生涯里終生學習，再學習，如果他們要趕上現代的潮流和不斷變化的需要。
As to (used to start talking about sb/sth) 對于，至于
As for Jo, she’s doing fine. 至于喬，她現在過得不錯。
As for food for the party, that’s all being taken care of. 關于聚會要用的食物，正在置辦當中。
as to sth | as regards sth （used when you are referring to sth）:
As to tax, that will be deducted from your salary. 至于稅，它會從工資里扣除。
7. see sb. off 為某人送行
He is going to the railway station to see his friend off. 他去火車站為他的朋友送行。
引申：see about 考慮，照料，安排 ，see for yourself 親自看，親自了解；
see into 調查……; seeing that 鑒于 （Seeing that he’s been off sick all week he’s unlikely to come. 他請病假一周了，所以他今天也不大可能來。）see
see through 透過……看見，看穿……,堅持完成，進行到底， see to sth 辦理，照管；料理 （see to it that …）
8. trip, journey, travel, tour, voyage 區別
trip：短距離旅行或出差 travel：旅行（長途）tour,為了玩 journey：所有的旅行，偏重于陸地旅行 voyage：旅行（海上） flight：空中飛行
trip, journey搭配的動詞有make, take和go on。如：
make/take/go on a trip/journey to Europe到歐洲旅行
on a/one’s trip/journey; on a short/long pleasant trip/journey
Have a pleasant trip. 祝旅行愉快。
The journey to the seaside will take not more than two days. 到海邊去旅行最多需要花兩天時間。
I at once began making preparations for a trip home. 我馬上開始為回家的旅途做準備。
9. holiday, vacation, leave
Vacation 假期，休假 （常不用復數）；holiday 假日，可以說a holiday 或holidays , leave 指雇員有理由而獲準的休假。
We're going to France during the summer holidays（vacation）.暑假期間我們將去法國。
on holiday（=on vacation）度假； take a holiday（= take a vacation）休假
ask for sick leave 請病假
10. 現在進行時用法歸納(六種用法)
1.表示現在進行的動作有兩種含義：
(1)表示說話的時刻正在進行的動作，常與時間狀語now, at this moment等連用。(2)表示現階段正在進行的動作，而不一定是說話時正在進行的動作，常與表示現階段意義的時間狀語now(目前)，today, this week, this term, this year等連用。
e.g. Right now it is the summer vacation and I am helping my dad on the farm.
現在正是暑假，我在農場幫我爸爸干活兒。
I’m sitting on a rock near the river with my friends.
我和我的朋友們正坐在河邊的一塊巖石上。
2.表示按計劃或安排將要發生的動作，一般不會變動，若用一般現在時，固定不變的意味更強。能這樣用的動詞多是come, go, leave, arrive等之類的動作動詞。現代英語中這種用法有擴大的趨勢，幾乎表示計劃或安排將要發生的動作都可以用這種形式。通常這種句子都帶有表示將來的時間狀語。
e.g. My train is leaving at 6:25 tomorrow morning.(=My train leaves at 6:25 tomorrow morning.)
我要坐的火車明天早上六點二十五分開。
3.用于時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句表示將來的動作，強調動作的持續進行。
e.g. When you are riding a bike along the street don’t forget the traffic light.
你沿著大街騎自行車的時候，別忘了看交通燈。
4.表示經常性的習慣性動作，常和副詞always, constantly, continually等連用，表示說話人的贊嘆、滿意、討厭、不耐煩等語氣，用一般現在時只是一般的平鋪直敘，表達不出這種感情色彩。試比較：
We are living happily. 我們現在日子過得很幸福。(帶有滿意的色彩)
We live happily.(一般地說明)
She is always working hard like that. 她總是那樣勤奮地工作。(贊揚語氣)
She always works hard. 她一向工作努力。(說明情況)
5.表示要求、愿望的動詞(如want, hope, wish, wonder等)用現在進行時，表示與對方說話時態度禮貌，顯得委婉、客氣，這種用法沒有動作進行的意味。
e.g. I’m hoping you’ll give me some advice. 我希望你給我一些建議。
I’m wondering if you have time to help me with my English. 我不知道你是否有時間幫我學英語。
當表示某一時刻的感受時，be, feel, like, look forward to等在口語中常用進行時，含有進行的意味。
e.g. The child is being naughty today. 這孩子今天在淘氣。(暗含這孩子平時不淘氣)
How are you feeling now? 你現在感覺如何？
6.表示剛過去的時間內發生的動作，這一用法不如用一般過去時或現在完成時的語氣強。
e.g. I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你剛剛說的是什么？
I don’t know what you said(have said). 我不明白你說的話。
Sorry, I wasn’t listening.
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
現在進行時專練
1. The volleyball match will be put off if it___________.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
簡析：選B。主句用一般將來時，條件狀語從句通常用一般現在時，若在rain后加上時間狀語，如until 10或before 10,從句就須用現在進行時表示將來時間或進行的動作。
2. I don’t really work here. I ___________ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
簡析：選C。從前句句意判斷，后一句的意思是“我正在這兒幫忙直到新秘書來”。
3. Dear mother, I ___________ to hear from you soon.
A. hope B. am hoping C. hoping D. have hoped
簡析：選B。從句意分析，可知說話人在給媽媽寫信，用現在進行時表示盼望家信的急切心情。
4. I’ll call on some of my old teachers while I ___________ in Guiyang.
A. stay B. will stay C. would stay D. am staying
簡析：選D。while引導時間狀語從句，表示“在一段時間內”，其謂語動詞是延續性動作，用進行時。這里用現在進行時表示將來時間在進行的動作。
5. Every time I come into his room, he ___________ the same book.
A. read B. was reading C. readed D. is reading
簡析：選D。前文表示“每當我走進教室的那一刻”暗示后文“正在干什么”。
6. -I’m going to the states.
-How long ___________ you ___________in the states?
A. are; stayed B. are; staying C. have; stayed D. did; stay
簡析：選B。用現在進行時表示將來計劃。
五、高考真題
1. (NMET 1999)-Hey,look where you are going?
-Oh,I’m terribly sorry. ___________.
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
簡析：選B。現在已經知道該往哪走了，不知道是剛才或過去的事，故排除A、C、D三項。
2. (NMET 2001春)I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I ___________ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken
簡析：選A。用現在進行時表將來，詳見知識歸納2的第二種情況。
3. (NMET 2002)-I’m taking my driving test tomorrow.
-___________!
A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulation
簡析：選B。得知對方要參加測試時，主動予以祝福。
4. (2002北京)-Excuse me,sir,Would you do me a favor?
-Of course,What is it?
-I ___________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder
簡析：選B。動詞wonder用現在進行時，表示與對方說話時態度禮貌，顯得委婉、客氣。
5. (2002北京)It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ___________ to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
簡析：選A。close to是固定短語，放在stand后作狀語。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Unit 4 unforgettable experiences
1. take place 和 happen 區別
take place 常指“(某事)按計劃進行或按計劃發生。”如： Great changes have taken place in china since. take place還有“舉行”之意。如： The meeting will take place next Friday. 2.happen常指具體事件的發生，特別指那些偶然的或未能預見的“發生”。如： New things are happening all around us. happen還可表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。如： It happened that I had no money on me.
2. advance v.前進；進展；n. 前進；進展
In advance“提前” advanced 是形容詞，解釋“高級的；先進的”。如advanced education高等教育
3. drag, pull, push
這三個詞都有“拖，拉”之意，但有所不同。drag 的含義是“慢慢地而沉重的拽”，而且包含著被拖者進行著積極的或消極的阻抗或阻力；pull為通用詞，常伴有狀語表示拖的方向；push則表示“推；推動”。如： They are dragging a net in fishing.他們正在拖網捕魚。He dragged behind the others. 他在別人后面慢吞吞地走著。 That tooth should be pulled out.那顆牙齒應該拔掉。 They pushed the door open. 他們把門推開。
2. hold on ( to) 抓緊，不放開
He held on to the back of the chair to stop himself. 他扶住椅子后背，以免摔倒。
引申：hold back 攔阻，阻擋，隱瞞，躊躇，猶豫；hold off 延遲，推遲，戰勝，克服 hold on 等著，堅持住，別掛斷； hold out 維持，堅持，給予希望（Doctors hold out little hope of his recovering.）伸出（手）；hold up 舉起，提出（作為榜樣）；
3. shake vt. vi. 抖動，震動, 搖動; 顫動
The house shook when the earthquake started. 當地震發生時，房子震動了。
She was shaking with anger. 她氣得發抖。
Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服藥前搖勻。
His hands shook a little as he wrote. 他寫的時候手有點發顫。
常用短語：shake hands with sb. , shake sb’s hand/shake sb. by the hand和某人握手
shake sb’s head搖頭
4. strike一詞的三種用法
(1)可用來作“(自然災害、疾病等)襲擊”解， hit也可用來表此意。
That area was struck(=hit)by a lightning. 那個地區遭受了大風暴的襲擊。
(2)可作“打，擊，敲，撞，咬”等多種意義解。
e. g. The father was so angry that he struck(=hit)the boy in the face. 父親怒不可遏，打了孩子一個耳光。
The clock has just struck twelve. 時鐘剛敲響十二點。
Strike while iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
His foot struck against a stone. 他的腳碰在一塊石頭上。
She was struck by a snake while walking in the grass. 她在草叢中行走時被蛇咬了一口。
(3)strike還可用來表示“給(某人)很深印象”“打動”(=impress)。
I was struck by what he said. 他的話深深地打動了我。
The first thing that strikes foreign visitors is the great number of bicycles in the streets. 首先給外國游客深刻印象的是街上自行車非常多。
5. fear 不管用作名詞還是動詞，基本上有兩個含義，即“怕”或“擔心”
n. 1) 害怕，恐懼 （for fear of/ that ）
He was shaking with fear. 他害怕得直發抖。
2) 擔心；顧慮
There is no fear of his getting any injury.他不會受傷的。
vt, vi 懼怕，害怕, 擔憂 (fear of 為。。。擔心，擔憂)
I fear that you'll be late if you don't go now. 如果你現在不走的話，我擔心你會遲到。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
5. beat, hit, strike 和knock
1) beat指用力地打，痛打，跳動， 還可以表示“打敗”， 如：
The landlord beat the farmhand heavily. 地主毒打長工。
The Iraq army was beaten. 伊拉克軍隊被打敗了。
2）hit指擊，襲擊，打中，如：
An earthquake hit the district. 這地區受到地震的襲擊。
One of the stones hit the window. 有一塊石頭打中了窗戶。
3）strike通常指一下一下地打或敲擊，留下印記等，如：
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
The clock is striking 12. 鐘在敲12點。
4）knock指敲打并伴有響聲。它還有“打倒、打翻”的意思，如：
Someone is knocking at the door. 有人敲門。
He knocked the girl down. 他把這女孩撞倒了。
6. noise, voice, sound
(1)noise 指各種“噪音”或“吵鬧、嘈雜聲”。
e. g. The noise of traffic kept him awake. 車馬喧鬧使他睡也睡不著。
Don’t make so much noise. 別那么吵鬧。
(2)voice 指人的說話聲、歌聲或笑聲。也可用以指鳥鳴或狗叫聲及擬人的方法。
e. g. The boy shouted at the top of his voice. 那男孩高聲叫喊。
Keep your voice down. 把聲音放低些。
(3)sound 指任何用耳朵能聽到的聲音。
e. g. I heard a strange sound outside. 我聽到外面有一種奇怪的聲音。
Sound travels more slowly than light. 聲波比光波傳播得慢。
7. 定語從句易錯題練習
1. This is the mountain village___________we visited the other day.
A. which B. in which C. where D. when
簡析：選A。本題先行詞the mountain village指的是物，且在從句中作visit的賓語，故用which。B、D兩項在從句中作狀語，不符合句子結構，D項要求先行詞表時間在從句中充當時間狀語，故不能選。
2. A child___________parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
簡析：選C。在定語從句中，作定語的關系代詞應用whose, whose既可指人，也可指物。“whose+從句”也可用“of which/whom+從句”短語代替。A項在定語從句中不能作定語；B、D兩項不能作關系代詞，故可排除。
3. Do you know the date___________Lincoln was born?
A. which B. when C. where D. that
簡析：選B。本句中先行詞the date在定語從句中是作時間狀語的，故應選when，雖然有時由表時間的名詞作先行詞；定語從句可用關系代詞which或that引導，但它一定不是作時間狀語，而大多數情況是作賓語的。
4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ___________, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
簡析：選D。從關鍵詞in fact，可看出前后兩個句子形成一種對比，表示的意思是：她認為我在講她女兒，而實際上我在講我的女兒。連詞while可表對比。A、B、C三項引導定語從句，而后面的句子不是定語從句，故可排除。
5. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but___________didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
簡析：選D。本題考查并列句和定語從句的區別。在兩個句子中，有but, and, or, so等作并列連詞，它們連接兩個分句構成并列句。人稱代詞，he和she不能代替前面提到的事。如用which, 則必須去掉but，因此只有D項it合適。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
五、高考真題
1. (上海 2000)The gentleman ___________you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
簡析：選B。因tell sb. of/about sth. “向某人講述某事”，本題考查“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句。
2. (NMET 1999)___________him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
簡析：選D。本題考查語境中動詞的詞義辨析。解答此類題應把全句要表達的信息與動詞的準確含義綜合考慮，去選擇最佳答案。題干中copy意思為“模仿”，既然模仿，就得先觀察，因此D項watch為最佳答案。而不選mind(照顧)，glance at(瞟一眼)或stare at(盯著)。
3. (上海2000)She found her calculator ___________she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
簡析：選A。此題考查連接副詞引起一個地點狀語從句的用法。此題注意不能選C。學生學完定語從句后，以為任何情況下，一個副詞總能用“介詞+which”來代替，其實，這一點必須是在定語從句中，而此題沒有先行詞，故只能是一個狀語從句。
4. (NMET 2002)John shut everybody out of the kitchen___________he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
簡析：選C。本題考查狀語從句中關聯詞的使用，從句意上看，此處應是表示目的的狀語從句。A、B、D三項不可引導目的狀語從句，應排除。故選C項，so that意為“以便，為了”。
定語從句常見錯誤
1. 誤 : I\' ve read all the books which you lent me. 正 : I\' ve read all the books that you lent me. 析：定語從句的先行詞被all，some，any，no，little，few，much，very等修飾時，關系代詞要用 that。 2.誤: This is the last lesson which Mr Green taught us.正 : This is the last lesson that Mr Green taught us. 析：定語從句的先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，關系代詞要用that。 3. 誤: Is there anything else which I can do for you?正： Is there anything else that I can do for you? 析：定語從句的先行詞是everything，anything，nothing等不定代詞時，關系代詞要that. 4. 誤: They talked about the persons and things which they remembered in the old days. 正 : They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the old days. 析：定語從句的先行詞既有人又有物時，關系代詞要用that。 5. 誤 : My hometown is no longer the place which it used to be. 正: My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. 析：定語從句中，關系代詞充當從句的表語時，該關系代詞要用that。 6. 誤; Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.正 : Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter. 析：關系代詞that不能用于非限制性定語從句，但which可以。 7. 誤: He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south.正 : He lives in the room, the window of which faces the south. 析：關系代詞that不能用于“介詞十關系代詞”結構，但which可以。 B) who 和 whom 8. 誤 : The man with who I worked has left.正: The man with whom I worked has left. 析：關系代詞 who指人，作主語； whom也指人，但作賓語。在“介詞十關系代詞”結構中，先行詞是人，關系詞用whom；先行詞是物，關系詞用which 二、關系代詞漏用 9. 誤: The student is standing there is our monitor. 正: The student who/that is standing there is our monitor.正 : The student standing there is our monitor. f 析：定語從句中關系代詞作主語時不能省略。這里也可以把定語從句改為現在分詞形式作定語。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
三、關系代詞與關系副詞混淆 A) that/which 和 when 10. 誤: Do you still remember the day when we first spent together? 正 : Do you still remember the day (that/which) we first spent together? 析：先行詞是時間名詞時，定語從句的引導詞用關系代詞還是關系副詞“when”，取決于該先行詞在從句中充當主語l賓語還是時間狀語。這里先行詞the day在從句中作賓語，關系代詞可省略。 B) that/which 和 where 11. 誤 : I\' ll never forget the school where we visited last Monday. 正 : I\' ll never forget the school (that/which) we visited last Monday. 析：先行詞是地點名詞時，定語從句的引導詞用關系代詞還是關系副詞“where”，取決于該先行詞在從句中充當主語l賓語還是地點狀語。這里先行詞 the school在從句中作賓語，關系代詞可省略。 C) that/which 和 why 12.誤 :Is this the reason why he gives for being late?正: Is this the reason (that/which) he gives for being late? 析：先行詞是reason時，定語從句的引導詞用關系代詞還是關系副詞“why”，取決于該先行詞在從句中充當主語/賓語還是原因狀語。這里先行詞 the reason在從句中作賓語，關系代詞可省略。 四、定語從句主謂不一致 13 誤 : This is one of the rooms that is free now.正 : This is one of the rooms that are free now. 析：當定語從句的先行詞是one of…結構時，先行詞為of后的復數名詞或代詞，從句謂語用復數形式。 14.誤: Professor Johnson is the only one of the experts who know a little Chinese. 正: Professor Johnson is the only one of the experts who knows a little Chinese. 析：當定語從句的先行詞是the （only／very） one of…結構時，先行詞為 one，從句謂語用單數形式。 五、定語從句重復用詞 A）關系詞與疑問詞重復 15. 誤: Who is the man who shook hands with you just now?正 : Who is the man that shook hands with you just now? 析：若主句以疑問詞who開頭，為了避免重復，定語從句的引導詞要用that代替。 16.誤: Which is the book which you want to borrow from me?正: Which is the book that you want to borrow from me? 析：若主句以疑問詞which開頭，為了避免重復，定語從句的引導詞要用that代替。 B）關系詞與被替換詞重復 17. 誤: This is the jacket which I bought it last month.正 ; This is the jacket which I bought last month. 析：關系代詞Which已經在從句中充當賓語，it是多余的。 18. 誤: Is this the museum where Jane has worked there for twenty years? 正: Is this the museum where Jane has worked for twenty years? 析：關系副詞where已經在從句中充當地點狀語，there是多余的。 六、定語從句介詞錯用 19.誤. :Is this the CD player in which you spent 500 yuan?正 : Is this the CD player on which you spent 500 yuan ? 析：有時，需要根據從句謂語動詞的習慣搭配來判斷具體的介詞。這里是 spent...on+名詞”的搭配。 20. 誤 : The baby of whom she takes good care is ten months old.正 : The baby whom she takes good care of is ten months old. 析：含有介詞的短語動詞一般不能拆開使用。又如 look after， care for， refer to等。