Unit 1-2 Good friends & English around the world
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
引申詞匯: honesty, bravery, loyalty, wisdom, argument, classical, classic, survival， pronunciation,
詞法：
1. quality: n.質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)，特點(diǎn), 作質(zhì)量講，不可數(shù)，作品質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)講，可數(shù)。
He has all the qualities of a successful business man.
Quality is more important than quantity.
One quality of wood is that it can burn.
2. loyal: adj. 忠誠的，忠貞的，(常用搭配：be loyal to …對……忠誠)
They are loyal supporters. He is loyal to his country.
3. handsome ,beautiful , pretty區(qū)別.
這四個(gè)單詞之間有區(qū)別,但區(qū)別不大,beautiful一般指女子的“美”,handsome指男子相貌等方面長得“英俊”或女子健美的, pretty指女子“小巧玲瓏”的“美”。
4. wise；clever；smart區(qū)別
wise意為“聰明；英明”，它常用來說明一個(gè)人有智慧，有遠(yuǎn)見，有謀略；也可指由于知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富及良好的判斷能力而正確對待或處理人和事，常用于正式、客氣的場合。注意：它多用來說明名人或偉人。例如： a wise saying 至理名言 The people had considered Abraham Lincoln to be a great leader，and a wise，kind and honest man.亞伯拉罕-林肯是人民公認(rèn)的偉大領(lǐng)袖，一個(gè)英明、慈祥、誠實(shí)的人。 clever表示“聰明；靈巧”時(shí)，指人或動(dòng)物的腦子靈活；指做成的事物時(shí)，常含有巧妙的意思；clever是一個(gè)常用詞，用得最廣。例如： People love to see the clever monkey.人們愛看這只聰明的猴子。 That is a clever plan.那是個(gè)巧妙的計(jì)劃。 smart與clever同義，但更強(qiáng)調(diào)機(jī)敏的，精明的。另外， 還有“時(shí)髦的，整潔的”之意。 例如： You cannot cheat him because he is a smart boy.你騙不了他，因?yàn)樗莻�(gè)聰明的男孩 。
smart restaurants 高檔餐館； You look smart in that suit. 你穿上這套衣服顯得很精神。 bright意為“聰明；思路敏捷”，它多用來指年輕人或小孩，常用于口語中。例如: She is really a bright little girl.她真是一個(gè)聰明的小姑娘。 The bright boy is reading English in the bright room.這個(gè)聰明伶俐的男孩在明亮的房間里讀英語。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
4. classic, classical 區(qū)別
Classic 經(jīng)典的，優(yōu)秀的，一流的，典型的，古雅的
A classic movie/work經(jīng)典影片/作品， a classic example/case 典型的例子/錯(cuò)誤， a classic design 古雅的設(shè)計(jì)
Classical 西方古典的，傳統(tǒng)的
A classical composer 古典作曲家 a classical theory 古典學(xué)說
5. argue (常用搭配：argue with sb about /over sth, argue for /against doing sth ; argue that …)
Argument 爭吵，爭論，理由，論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)
We had an argument with the waiter about the bill. 我們和服務(wù)員就帳單發(fā)生了爭吵。
There are strong arguments for and against euthanasia. 對安樂死支持和反對者都提出了強(qiáng)有力的論據(jù)。
be into sth. 在非正式英語中，該短語表示“對……深感興趣”，“深深迷上……”
eg. Her two children are into art.
5. alone 與lonely
alone: adj. “獨(dú)自一人的”表示客觀狀態(tài)，無感情色彩。只能作表語，不能作定語。或指沒有朋友的孤獨(dú), 寂寞，無依無靠。
adv. “獨(dú)自、單獨(dú)”
[注意] alone 用在名詞或代詞后面的時(shí)候表示“只有(only)”
lonely: adj. 表示人“孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的”； 表示地方“荒涼的，人煙稀少的”，有感情色彩。既可做定語，也可做表語。
eg. (1) I am alone, but I don’t feel lonely.
(2) Chuck lived alone on the lonely island for five years.
(3) We have no idea why he left the company. Tom alone knows the secret.
(4) When people came to know that the girl was connected with the theft, no one liked to stay with her; so she felt very alone and in the end she went to a lonely village to live in.
6. name n. 名字， vt. 命名(常用搭配：name sth/sb after sb, call sb’s names , live up to one’s name )
He was named after his father. 他的名字和他父親一樣。
Chairs, tables, cabinets-you name it, he makes it. 椅子，桌子，櫥柜――凡是你說得出的他都能做。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
7. survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸免于難，挺過，比。。。活的時(shí)間長
I can’t survive on $40 a week. 我一星期４０美圓，無法維持生活。
Many birds didn’t survive the winter. 許多鳥死于這次嚴(yán)冬。
She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了１０年。
８. think about 及其他
Think about 考慮，打算 don’t you ever think about other people? 你難道從來沒考慮過別人？
Think for yourself 獨(dú)立思考；自行決定
Think of sb /sth 想到， 認(rèn)為
Can anybody think of a ay to raise money? 誰能想出集資的辦法？
Politicians are not well thought of.
Think sth out 認(rèn)真考慮，think sth over 慎重考慮， 仔細(xì)盤算； think through 充分考慮，想透； think sth up 想出，發(fā)明， think aloud 自言自語； think nothing of it. 別客氣； think twice about sth 三思而行。 On second thought(s) 又一想，轉(zhuǎn)念一想。
９. care about 關(guān)注，在意，擔(dān)憂；關(guān)心，關(guān)懷；
She cares deeply about environmental issues. 她對環(huán)境問題深感擔(dān)憂。
He cares about his employees.他關(guān)心他的雇員。
Care for 照顧，照料，非常喜歡
She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.
He cared for her more than she realized.
10. share (in ) sth有同樣的感情或想法; share sth. (out ) among/ between sb. ; share sth. with sb.
eg. (1) We share the same room.
(2) True friends share in your sorrows as well as your joys.
(3) The teacher shared the books among the students.
(4) I will shall the cost with you.
n. 一份， 份額
eg. I take my share of the cost. 我負(fù)擔(dān)我那部分的費(fèi)用。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
11. Object n. 物體, 目標(biāo), 賓語, 對象 vi. 反對, 拒絕, 抗議 (object to ) vt. 提出...來反對(object that )
I really object to being charged for parking. 我真的反對為停車收費(fèi)。
He objected that the police had arrested him without sufficient evidence. 他反對說警察沒有足夠證據(jù)就逮捕了他。
12. error n.錯(cuò)誤, 過失, 誤差解析：(be in error弄錯(cuò)了 stand in error弄錯(cuò)了 by error錯(cuò)誤地 fall into an error誤入歧途, 犯錯(cuò)誤 in error弄錯(cuò)了的 錯(cuò)誤地 lead sb. into error使犯錯(cuò)誤 make an error出差錯(cuò), 犯錯(cuò)誤 commit an error出差錯(cuò)), 犯錯(cuò)誤【同】 mistake 【辨析】 error 強(qiáng)調(diào)“違反某一既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 不經(jīng)心而做了錯(cuò)事, 產(chǎn)生偏差、疏忽或行動(dòng)上的錯(cuò)誤”, 如:an error in judgement判斷上的錯(cuò)誤。 mistake 指“由于粗心、不注意或在理解、認(rèn)識(shí)或判斷上的不正確而造成行動(dòng)或看法上的錯(cuò)誤”, 如: I take you as Li Xiaolai. I used your pen by mistake.我錯(cuò)拿了你的鋼筆
Unit 2 English around the world
13. fly all the day direct from Seattle to London 看direct 和directly 區(qū)別
direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables或表示親自，直接The plane goes direct from London to Houston.
The 10.40 goes direct to Leeds.
I prefer to dael with hi direct. 我更愿意直接跟他打交道。
Direct 其他用法
adj. 徑直的, 直接的, 直系的, 直率的, [天]由西向東運(yùn)行的, 順行的
vt. 指引, 指示, 指揮, 命令, 導(dǎo)演
vi. 指導(dǎo), 指揮
They are in direct contact with the hijackers.
the most direct route
Was that remark directed at me?
movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.
A police officer was directing the traffic.
The police officers had been directed to search the building.警察奉命搜查大樓。（很正式）
14. at all常用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中以加強(qiáng)句子的語氣，但在不同的句式中表示不同的意思。用于否定句，意思是“絲毫；根本”；用于疑問句，意思是“到底；究竟”；用于if條件句，意思是“既然；即使”。如I don't like him at all. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不喜歡他。
It seems that women are either invisible in most school textbooks or, when they appear at all, they are seen performing low-status tasks.似乎女性在學(xué)校的教科書里沒出現(xiàn)， 如果他們真的出現(xiàn)的話，她們也是在做低級的工作。
Why am I here at all? 我究竟在哪里？
They didn' t go there at all.他們根本沒去過那地方。
Do it well if you do it at all.要做就要做得好。 Have you read any of the book at all?那本書你到底有沒有讀一點(diǎn)？ (2)at all有時(shí)也用于肯定句,但往往含有否定的意味.如:I'm surprised you came as all.想不到你還是來了.(原以為不會(huì)來)
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
15. not really不是這樣的。
另外，最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等詞語所修飾. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest．
16. （1）at home在此表示“舒適；無拘束”，常與 be， feel或 make等動(dòng)詞連用。如：Please sit down and make yourself at home.請坐下別拘束。 She always felt at home in the old hotel. 她住在那老旅館總覺得舒適自在。 (2)at home還可表示“在家；在國內(nèi)”，或表示“精通；熟悉”，常與 in，on或 with等介詞連用。如： Are your parents at home？你的父母在家嗎？ She is at home in modem music.她精通現(xiàn)代音樂。
17. majority n. 多數(shù),大部分。作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)，使用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；若強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)體中的每個(gè)分子，則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The majority is (are ) against the plan. 大多數(shù)人都反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
majority常用于a/the majority of … ……的多數(shù)。
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.他的大部分書收藏在樓上。
The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙對健康有害。
The majority of people seem to enjoying watching the football game.大多數(shù)人似乎都喜歡看足球賽。
major adj. 主要的；重要的；一流的
majority與 most的比較：
majority n. 常與冠詞連用，表示“……中的大多數(shù)”用a/the majority of + 名詞或代詞。 most用作不定代詞或形容詞，表示“大多數(shù)”可用most + 名詞或most of + the + 名詞或most of + 代詞。
e.g. A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
Most people seem to prefer TV to radio.
Most of the people seem to prefer TV to radio.
大多數(shù)人似乎都喜歡看電視而不喜歡聽收音機(jī)。
Most of them speak English.他們中的大多數(shù)人說英語。
Most classical music sends me to sleep.古典音樂我大多聽著聽著就睡著了。
It rained for the most of the summer.夏天大部分時(shí)間都下雨。
18. total n. 總數(shù)。in total = in all = altogether總共，總計(jì)。
That will cost you 7.50 pounds in total.你總共要花7.50英磅。
In total, there are 250.000 books in the library.圖書館里總共有二十五萬冊圖書。
adj. 整個(gè)的，全部的，總數(shù)的。
What is the total cost of our trip to the seaside?
v. 總數(shù)為，加起來是。
The money left totals only $15. How can we get back home.
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
19. more than 更多，不僅僅， 非常
I like her more than her husband. 我比較喜歡她，不喜歡她丈夫。
Signing the forms is little more than (= only=no more than) a formality. 在表格上簽名僅僅是一種形式。
I’m more than happy (= extremely happy) to take you there in my car. 我非常樂意用我的車帶你去那兒。
She was more than a little shaken (= extremely shaken) by the experience. 這次經(jīng)歷對她產(chǎn)生了巨大的震動(dòng)。
20. except , except for , 區(qū)別 （160頁教材解析）
Except經(jīng)常引起同類事物中被排除的一項(xiàng)。 Except for 用來引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正句子的主要意思。后面的名詞與前面的名詞經(jīng)常不是同一類。
He goes to work every day ____rainy days.
A. except on B. except for C. but that D. besides 答案是A。
He is a good man except for hot temper.
And now it's almost finished, except for one last job.
Except for Governmental action, there will be no increase in the cost of your holiday.
besides意思是“除……之外（還有）…..”,其內(nèi)涵是“加上”。
e.g. Do you know other language besides German?
Li Lei also went to the park besides you.
except that (wh-) 其后需加從句，用來表示理由或細(xì)節(jié)，修正前面所說的情況。可以與except for互換。
e.g. Your composition is well-written except that there are some spelling mistakes.
I usually go to school by bike except when it rains.
21. stay up 不睡覺，熬夜，不倒塌。
The student stayed up all night to study.
Tell him to stay up until I get home.
Some strong houses stayed up in the earthquake.
22. difficulty (have difficulty(in) doing做某事有困難（費(fèi)力）。)做可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示“一件困難的事”，做不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示“困難”。
eg. (1) Do you have any difficulty in learning English?你學(xué)英語很吃力嗎？
(2) Everyone in the town knew him , so we had no difficulty in finding his house.
城里人人都認(rèn)識(shí)他，所以，我們毫不費(fèi)力地找到了他的家。
如果difficulty后接名詞時(shí)，名詞前面要加with，即have difficulty with something。同樣的用法還有：be busy doing something, be busy with something。help somebody (to) do something, help somebody with something。
另外，difficulty還可以用trouble或problem替換。
23. come about（某情況）發(fā)生
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about. 有時(shí)候很難解釋爭吵發(fā)生的原因。
I will never understand how it came about that you were on hour late on such a short journey.
我真不懂這么短的路程你怎么會(huì)遲到一個(gè)小時(shí)。
表示“發(fā)生”的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組還有：happen, take place, break out等。這些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組都是不及物動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，因此，都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
引申：come 其他詞組
Come to 涉及，說到 (when it comes to …) 達(dá)到（come to nothing 沒有結(jié)果）蘇醒(come to oneself)
How come….. 怎么回事？If she spent 5 years in Paris, how come her French is so bad?
Come across 偶然遇見， （被理解，被弄懂，給人以。。。印象）
Come after sb 追趕，追隨
Come along 一起來，快點(diǎn) I’m glad you come along. Come along! We are late already!
come at 撲向， come back 回來，回想起 come down 下來，得病（come down with）come on 加油，催促 come out 出現(xiàn)，出版 come over 順便來訪， come up （植物）發(fā)芽，（問題等）出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
24. .end up 最后有某種結(jié)局，最后成了，結(jié)束。
If you go on like this you’ll end up in prison. 如果你繼續(xù)這樣，早晚得進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
He ended up as the head of the firm.
At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married. 起初他們互相仇恨，到后來卻成了夫妻。
引申：end in sth 以。。。結(jié)尾，末端是
The word I’m thinking of ends in ‘-ous’. 我想到的詞以ous 結(jié)尾。
Their long struggle ended in failure. 他們的長期斗爭以失敗告終。
句法
1. nor do I like computers.
So is skiing
常用的表示“也”的句型：肯定：so +be /do ／have+主語 否定：neither /nor +be/do/have +主語, so it is with me
1) If you don’t go, neither will I.
2) - Do you know Tom bought a new car?
- I don't know, _______.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
3) It is such a difficult task and I am afraid I can’t complete it in time. ---So it is with me.
4) She is such a lovely girl. ---So she is.
5) The teacher told us to improve our listening, and so we did.
2. 直接引語和間接引語
直接引語/間接引語答題技巧：
一字不改地引述的別人的話，叫做直接引語；用說話人自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述的別人的話，叫做間接引語。
e.g. “ I can see him now,” the boss said. (直接引語)
The boss said that he could see you now. (間接引語)
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語會(huì)產(chǎn)生以下的變化：
1． 時(shí)態(tài)的變化 主句和從句的時(shí)必須保持一致 （現(xiàn)在對現(xiàn)在；過去對過去）
2． 人稱的變化 從句的人稱根據(jù)主句的主語的著眼點(diǎn)來決定（you---I/me/we/us）
3． 時(shí)間狀語的變化 now---then; today----that day; tonight---that night; yesterday---the day before; the day before yesterday---two days before; three days ago---three days before; tomorrow---the next day; the day after tomorrow---in two days’ time; next week/year etc.---the next week/year etc.
4． 個(gè)別詞的變化 this---that; these----those; come---go; bring---take