Unit 13. the Mystery of the Moonstone
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Background
如果說美國作家愛倫坡開了偵探小說之先河，那么英國作家威爾基柯林斯對偵探小說的貢獻，主要表現在以下兩個方面：（一）是他把偵探小說從短篇引向長篇。（二）是他首先在偵探小說中塑造了一個職業偵探，并有意識地為現實生活中的偵探樹碑立傳。
威爾基柯林斯（1824-1889），英國小說家。他生于倫敦，父親是個風景畫家，他早年就讀于海堡私立學校，12歲隨父母移居意大利，15歲回到英國學習法律，學成后當了律師。1847年，其父逝世，23歲的他嘗試寫作，第一部作品是記敘其父生平的《威廉柯林斯的一生》。1850年，他創作了第一部小說《羅馬的陷落》。接著又寫了《貝錫爾》、《捉迷藏》，并認識了當時著名的大作家狄更斯。在文學的熏陶下，他成為一個流行小說作家，他的不少作品在維多利亞時代最風行的雜志《家常話》上發表，如《日落以后》、《死亡的秘密》、《我的雜志》等等，他的代表作是《月亮寶石》、《白衣女人》和《新濟良所》。另外，《可憐的芬區小姐》、《一個流浪漢的一生》、《黑袍》均有一定的影響。
《月亮寶石》是威爾基柯林斯創作巔峰時期的代表作，也是世界偵探小說史上的一部杰作。我們不妨從這部作品來認識威爾基柯林斯偵探小說的特點與藝術風格。
《月亮寶石》以英國侵略印度圣城西林加巴坦為背景，英國軍官汗卡什在王宮中搶得了舉世聞名的月亮寶石，印度人不甘心國寶落入異邦，暗中跟蹤他至英國，并伺機襲擊他。汗卡什為了嫁禍于他人，臨終前把月亮寶石送給了他的外甥女雷茜兒，從此，雷茜兒一家鬧得烏煙瘴氣，無一寧日。未幾，月亮寶石竟不翼而飛了，各種人懷著不同的目的在尋找它，月亮寶石給占有它的人制造了命運的悲劇。最終，在百折不撓的印度人的努力下，終于物歸原主，月亮寶石回到了印度圣城。
這部作品的敘述方法是很別致的，作者采用了各個不同的人物分頭敘述各個不同的故事，然后連貫起來，使故事的發展充滿了懸念與疑云。整個作品的情節錯綜復雜、曲折離奇，讓讀者疑慮叢生。作者又借助于書中偵探克夫探長之手不斷撥開疑云，讓神秘莫測的案子逐步顯露真相。作者的敘述與交代層次分明，揭示罪犯的作案手段猶若抽繭剝蕉，絲絲入扣。讀完全書，我們不得不佩服作者的聰明與他筆下那位克夫探長的機智與老練。
《月亮寶石》不僅故事生動，情節跌宕起伏，而且還塑造了一大批栩栩如生的人物典型。雷茜兒的閨秀氣派、弗蘭克林的大少爺作風、高孚利的虛情假意、貝特里奇的固執、羅珊娜的癡迷、克萊克的偽善、西格雷夫的愚昧昏庸，都襯托出書中主角克夫探長的料事如神，據威爾基柯林斯自述，克夫探長這一形象并非他的虛構，他是根據英國警察廳刑事部的一位警探作模特的。他首先為現實生活中的警探樹碑立傳，并根據他的事跡塑造了一個正面的英雄人物，這說明當時社會對警察這一形象已經有了觀念上的轉變，在19世紀初，讀者并不會接受克夫探長這一形象，而到了19世紀末，克夫探長在文學作品中的出現引起了讀者廣泛的喜愛，這表明了英國法律在社會現實中有所進步。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
威爾基柯林斯被譽為英國的通俗文學大師，也有人稱他是英國偵探小說之父。這除了贊揚他在偵探小說史上的兩大突破，還對其作品的思想性與藝術性作了肯定的評價。他的作品筆調辛辣還帶有幽默感，在敘述中時而夾入風趣的語言。他大膽揭露了英國侵略軍隊在印度圣城犯下的滔天罪行，對侵略者燒殺掠搶、破壞古跡、盜竊神器的行徑作了有力的抨擊，并刻劃了英國上流社會的世態炎涼與某些宗教的虛偽。無疑，這部偵探小說在思想內涵與藝術特色上，都是非常成功的。
由此可見，英國作家威爾基柯林斯在創作偵探小說方面，比美國作家愛倫坡又邁出了更大的一步。如果杜賓是一個業余偵探，那么克夫探長則是一個職業偵探；杜賓解開謎底只憑想象與推理，而克夫探長則親自調查，跟蹤罪犯，歷經種種艱險，就更為令人親切可愛了。克夫探長所遇到的疑案也比杜賓碰到的案子復雜得多、驚險得多。整個故事的情節一波三折，更具可讀性。威爾基柯林斯的創作更接近于通俗文學范疇。
但是，威爾基柯林斯創作的偵探小說仍然有一些不足，就以《月亮寶石》而言，全書有40萬字（中譯本僅20多萬字），書中的枝節大多，有不少冗長乏味的敘述以及與破案無關的情節。小說中偵探的成分是加強了，但推理的方法還欠精確，再以威爾基柯林斯一生的創作來說，偵探小說只占了他整個創作的三分之一，他還不是一個專門從事偵探小說寫作的小說家，盡管如此，他創作的《月亮寶石》對柯南道爾等偵探小說家的出現是有重大啟發的，尤其對推動英國文壇偵探小說的創作起了先導作用。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Language points :
1. the novel the Moonstone is set in England in 1848, but the story really began 50 years later.
Set: 設置（書本，戲劇，電影等）背景。如：
The book is set in France in the eighteenth century. 這部書是以18世紀的法國為背景的。
This novel is set in the gold rush. 這部小說是以淘金熱為背景的。
Set 其他意思：
He set his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的手上。
Please set the table for dinner. 請擺好餐桌準備就餐。
Have you set the time for the meeting?你們把開會時間定下來了嗎？
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽從東方升起在西方落下。
He set a diamond in a ring. 他把一塊寶石鑲嵌在戒指上。
2. curse n. 詛咒, 咒語, 禍根, 禍因 vt. 詛咒, 咒罵, 降禍, 使受罪
Our tribe is under a curse. 我們的部族正遭天譴。
Foxes can be a curse to farmers. 狐貍可給農民帶來禍害。
a terrible bolt of lightning; a terrible curse. 可怕的閃電；可怖的詛咒
It is essential for us to try to decide whether television is a blessing or a curse. 我們有必要來評斷電視到底是福還是禍。
Selfishness is the greatest curse of the human race. {William Ewart Gladstone) 自私是人類最大的禍根(威廉尤爾特格拉德斯通)
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
2. an act of revenge報復行為
Act 做動詞的用法：
Think before acting. 三思而后行。
The medicine was taken for a long time, but it failed to act. 藥已經服了很長時間，但還未見效。
Act 與action 區別：
Action做可數名詞時，常與act 同義。 如：
A kind act/action. 仁慈的行為
但act 多指具體的，短時間的行為或行動； action 多指復雜的持續的行為或行動。
2）在一些固定用法中。 如：an act of cruelty (殘忍的行為)， an act of war（戰爭行為） , an act of mercy（仁慈的行為） 等中，不能用action 又如take action (采取行動)也是固定搭配。
３. pass 和pass on (…to)的區別
４. But from the moment Rachel fastens it to her dress, things start going wrong.
Fasten to 把。。。系在。。。
The bookshelf is fastened to the wall. 這個書架是固定在墻壁上的。
When we went to visit her, she was not in. we wrote a note and fastened it to the door. 我們去看她時她不在，我們只好寫了張便條釘到門上。
Go wrong 出毛病，不對頭 如：
Something has gone wrong with my bike. 我的自行車出了點問題。
The party was going well until Mary arrived, then everything went wrong. Mary 來之前晚會開的很成功， 可后來一切都不對了。
５. as the story develops …
As 意思是“隨著”。 如：
As time went by, he began to realize that he should have studied hard. 隨著時間的推移， 她開始意識到他本該好好學習的。
As 其他用法（作為連詞）
象。。一樣
He doesn’t like skating as much as he used to. 他不象以前那么喜歡滑冰了。
照。。。的方式
I have told the story just as it happened. 我已如實講了這件事。
因為，既然
As you object, I’ll reconsider the plan. 既然你反對，我就重新考慮一下這個計劃。
雖然，
Much as I like the book, I can’t afford to buy it. 盡管我很喜歡這本書，可我買不起。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
６. to …degree達到。。。的程度
He was interested in his work to such a degree that he thought about nothing else. 他對工作如此感興趣，以致于他從來不想別的事情。
To a certain degree he likes his job. 在某種程度上他喜歡他的工作。
７. guilty 慚愧（about），有過失的，有罪責的(of)
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因沒有常去看望父母而感到內疚。
John had a guilty look on his face. John 臉上顯出慚愧的表情。
The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence. 陪審團裁決被告無罪。
We’ve all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives. 我們每個人都有過自私自利的過失。
8. resist 抵制，阻擋
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 銀行強烈反對降低利率。
(用于否定句) 忍住，抵擋
He couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新車。
９. stain vt. 沾污，染污， 染色，玷污，敗壞。 n. 污點，污漬
The juice from the berries stained their fingers red. 漿果汁把他們的手指染成了紅色。
Stain the specimen before looking at it under the microscope. 先把標本染成紅色，再放到顯微鏡下觀察。
a blood / a coffee / an ink, etc. stain
stubborn stains
integrating skills
1. convince 說服,，使確信，使相信
~ sb / yourself (of sth)
You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他們相信你殷切希望得到工作。
[vn (that)] I’d convinced myself (that) I was right.
I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直勸他去看病。
引申：convincing: 令人信服的，有說服力的
a convincing argument / explanation / case 有說服力的論點／解釋／事例
She sounded very convincing to me. 我覺得她的話很有說服力。
Convinced 堅信，確信（~ (of sth / that ... )
I am convinced of her innocence. 我堅信她清白無辜。
I am convinced that she is innocent.
Sam nodded but he didn’t look convinced. Sam點了點頭，但是看起來并沒有信服。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
2. assume 假定，假設，（呈現。。。的樣子，假裝）
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. 咱們假設計劃成功。
She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time. 他認為，她會在通常時間回家的。
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍認為，緊張系工作過重所致。
I had assumed him to be a Belgian. 我本以為他是比利時人。
３. meanwhile adv./n. 同時， 其間，（兩方面）對比之下
The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible.
Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects. 壓力對你的健康非常有害，而鍛煉會減少這種害處。
in the meanwhile 在此其間，與此同時
I hope to go to medical school eventually. In the meanwhile, I am going to study chemistry. 我希望最終能上醫學院，這其間我打算學化學。
４. in all my years as a detective, I have never heard of a thief having such a loss of memory.
這里a thief having …是動名詞的復合結構。作賓語時，名詞多用通格。至于代詞多用賓格。 如：
What about us going out for a walk?
I wonder if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
高考題：
Victor apologized for ___ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A his being not able B him not to be able C his not being able D him to be not able
答案是C.
5. accuse 控告，譴責 ~ sb (of sth)
to accuse sb of murder / theft She accused him of lying.
The government was accused of incompetence
6. desperate 冒險的，絕望的，
The prisoners grew increasingly desperate.
非常需要，渴望 ~ (for sth)| ~ (to do sth)
He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything.
I was absolutely desperate to see her.
７. nothing but to do
相關高考題：
Sandy could do nothing but ___ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A admit B admitted C admitting D to admit
答案是A
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
８。 While 用法
while 表示讓步，通常位于句首，意思是“盡管；雖然”。又如：
While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it. 盡管我同意你的理由，但我不允許你這樣做。
While he loves his stuents, he is very strict with them. 雖然他愛他的學生，可是他對學生們很嚴格。
While 其他用法歸納如下：
1）引導時間狀語從句，意思是“當。。。的時候，和。。。同時”。從句中謂語通常是延續性動詞。
如：Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她聽著收音機睡著了。
2）表示對比或轉折，意思是“而，然而”。此時，while 一般謂語句中。 如：
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有人浪費糧食，而有人卻吃不飽。
高考相關：
I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A since B while C when D as
答案是B.