語法復(fù)習專題（2）
Unit2 冠詞
一、考點聚焦
1.不用冠詞的情況
（1）專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞。
China , America, Smith
Air is matter.
（2）可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時，不加冠詞。
This dictionary is mine.
（3）季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。
March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day
Have you had supper?
Spring is the best season of the year.
（4）稱呼語或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名詞前及表示頭銜職務(wù)的名詞作賓語、補語及同位語時，一般不加冠詞。
What’s this, Father? We made him our chairman.
Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.
（5）學科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。
Do you study physics?
He likes playing football/chess.
（6）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時前不用冠詞。
They are peasants/ workers.
（7）在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。
by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land
但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。
（8）某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。
①名詞詞組中：
husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork
②介詞詞組中：
to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot
注意：在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含義不同。
in hospital 住院（因病）
in the hospital在醫(yī)院（工作、參觀等）
in front of在前面，指某物體之外
in the front of在前部，指某物之內(nèi)
in charge負責，主管 out of question沒問題
in the charge由……負責 out of the question不可能
（9）as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞不帶冠詞。
Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.
（10）系動詞turn（作“變成”解）后作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習慣不用冠詞。
The young girl has turned writer.
= The young girl has become a writer.
（11）在單數(shù)名詞 + after + 同一單數(shù)名詞（表示“一個接一個”）結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。
She did experiment after experiment.
類似的還有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake
（12）形容詞的最高級前、序數(shù)詞前也有不用定冠詞的情況。
①“most + 形容詞原級”作“十分、非常、極”解時，前面不用定冠詞。
Oh, it’s most beautiful.
②當兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一個名詞時，第二個形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。
She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.
③當形容詞最高級作表語，不表示與其他人或物相比時，其前不用定冠詞。
The market in the country is busiest in winter.
④形容詞最高級前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時，不能用定冠詞。
A wolf in a sheep’s skin is our most dangerous enemy.
⑤序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第……”之意，但在second、third等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一，再一”之意。
…why you took a second arrow
注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠軍”。
He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.
（13）no與such連用時應(yīng)放在such之前，such后面的名詞不用冠詞。
No such thing has ever happened in this village.
（14）never、ever置于作主語的名詞前，這些名詞前不用冠詞。
Never did student study so hard.這個學生從未學得這么認真。
（15）有時為了節(jié)省空間、時間、金錢和精力，或為了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,這主要用于新聞標題、工商業(yè)文件、廣告、電報、公告、提綱、書名等。
Conference opens.會議召開了。
2.定冠詞的使用情況
（1）使用定冠詞的一般情況。
①特指或第二次提到。
②序數(shù)詞前、最高級前、獨一無二的東西前。
③用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前或某些專有名詞前。
（2）定冠詞使用特殊的場合。
① He hit him in the face.
beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head② the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，窮人，傷員
③ the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two兩者中較年長的一位，較漂亮的一個
④ The sooner, the better.越快越好。
⑤ He got paid by the hour.他是按小時付工錢的。
by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year…
但：by weight按重量
⑥ in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代）
⑦ the Smiths/the Whites（表示一家人或夫婦倆）
⑧ in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/
rain
⑨ tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home
⑩ 當抽象名詞表示某一特定內(nèi)容，特別是當它有一限定性修飾語時，
它與定冠詞連用：
She is fond of music.
He is playing the music written by Beethoven.
Good advice is beyond price.
I’m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.
3.不定冠詞常用的幾種情況
（1）表示“一”相當于“one”。I’ll return in a day or two.
（2）表示“每”相當于“per”。We have three meals a day.
（3）表示“同一性”相當于“the same”。The children are of an age.
（4）表示類指，表示“某類”。He wants to he a doctor.
（5）表示泛指，相當于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.
（6）表示某一個，相當于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.
（7）與抽象名詞連用，可以表示“一場、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件樂事，a surprise一件令人驚訝的事，a joy一件高興的事，a pity一件遺憾的事，an honour一個（件）經(jīng)以為榮的人(事)。
（8）與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份”。
What a heavy rain!
What a good supper!
Please give me a black coffee!
4.冠詞表類別的常見方式
（1）定冠詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示一個，代表一類。
The computer was invented in 1945.
The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.
The horse is a useful animal.
（2）不定冠詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（表示任意一個，某一個）。
A pen is a tool for writing.
A square has four sides.
A horse is a useful animal.
注意：man, woman表示泛指時，不用冠詞，且常用單數(shù)。如：
Man is fighting a battle against pollution.
Man tries to be the protector of woman.
（3）可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，指類別（考慮到同類中的各個情況）。
Horses are useful animals.
Rice is a kind of food.
5.冠詞位置問題
（1）不定冠詞 + 副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞。
This is a very interesting story.
（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞。
I’ve never seen such a film!
Half a pound of pork,please!
What a good idea it is!
（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞。
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
I can’t finish the task in so short a time.
This seems not too long a distance.
We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.
However low te price you paid,you waste your money.
He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.
（4）定冠詞位置。
①half、twice、three times + the + 名詞
He paid twice the price for it.
Their house is three times the size of yours.
②all、both、double + the + 名詞
Both the blind men were mistaken.
All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.
I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1.The warmth of ____________sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___________wool used.（NMET 2001）
A．The ; the B．the ; / C．/; the D．/; /
解析：答案為B。第一空格為特指，交待the warmth的內(nèi)容，第二空格為泛指，the sort of wool used所用羊毛的種類。此題有三點需注意：①正確理解sweater 這一句詞在句中的類別。②掌握determine在句中作“決定”、“取決于”這個意思。③掌握定冠詞表特指的基本用法。
2.Most animals have little connection with_________animals of___________different kind unless they kill them for food.（NMET 2000）
A．the … a B．/ … a C．the … the D．/ … the
解析：答案為B。名詞復(fù)數(shù)表類別，其前不用冠詞，故第一個空格不填冠詞，表不定概念的“一種”，“某種”要用不定冠詞a。要準確掌握冠詞表類別的三種表達方式和不定冠詞常用的幾種情況，見前面要點考點聚
焦內(nèi)容。
3.Paper money was in___________use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in __________thirteenth century.（NMET1999）
A．the … / B．the … the C．/ … the D．/ … /
解析：答案為C。題中in use是固定搭配，意為“在使用”，use為抽象名詞，其前不用冠詞。后者是序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the。要牢記一些固定搭配如in use、under construction（在建設(shè)中）、in debt（欠債）、come to power（執(zhí)政）、on fire（著火）、at table（用餐）、out of work（失業(yè)）等。
4.When you come here for your holiday next time don’t go to hotel; I can find you bed in my flat.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填
解析：答案為C。考定語從句。主句部分應(yīng)是The English play at the New Year’s party was a great success. 從句補全為獨立句子就是my students acted in the play.所以應(yīng)選in which，其余介詞不妥。
5.-John, there is Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.
-I’m in bath.
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
解析：答案為A。本題考查冠詞用法。a+姓名，表示“一個叫……的人”；in the bath在浴室。