朱文雪
Unit 3 The land down under
Period 1 New words and expressions
1. fellows at school 同學(xué) fellows in arms/crime戰(zhàn)友/同案犯
a follow member同組織成員 one’s fellow countrymen同胞
2.①claim knowledge of sth=claim to have knowledge of sth=have idea of sth__________T他們知道所發(fā)生的一切。
②Has anyone claimed thao lost watch? 有人認領(lǐng)這塊丟失的表嗎？
③a claim for damages賠償損害的要求make a claim to sth認領(lǐng)某物
3.criminal
the criminal scene犯罪現(xiàn)場 Criminal Law刑法
4.govern____________ governor_____________ governm
5.resemble each other in appearance or nature在外表或本質(zhì)上相似
They resemble each other in shape but not in color._____________________________________
Resemblance n.
There are striking resemblances between the two sisters.這姐妹倆外貌驚人地相似。
6.diverse--diversity(n) --- diversify(v)--diversely(adv)
offer diverse suggestions提供不同意見
She has a great ___________ of interests.
7.transform-transformation-transformable (adj)
transform one form of erengy into another把一種形式的能量轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種
Success and wealth transformed his character 成功和財富改變了他的性格。
8.immigration(n)-immigrate(v)-immigrant(n)
immigrate into a country___________________
Irish immigrants愛爾蘭移民
9.differ-difference-different –differently
differ from sb (about/on sth)和某人持有不同意見
對不起，關(guān)于那個問題我和你的看法不一樣。
I’m sorry to differ from you on that question.
Make a/some/no/any/much difference 有（頗有，沒有，有何，有很大）重要性
你今天去還是明天去沒有多大關(guān)系。
It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
10.braek out爆發(fā)
break away from脫離,革除
break down 崩潰，出毛病，（精神或身體）衰弱
break in(imto) 迸發(fā)/強行進入
break off折斷，中斷
break through突破
break up碎裂，（身體）變?nèi)?/p>
break (up) with與…絕交，放棄
break up with an friend___________________
11.feed…on Feed the sheep on grass.
feed on Sheep feed on grass.
12．pointed 尖的
point V. ①指，把┅對準
point to
point at
point out
point one’s gun at the enemy________________
②弄尖，削尖point a pencil with a knife 用刀削尖鉛筆
③使尖銳，強調(diào) point an argument with facts用事實來加強論據(jù)
n.①點，小數(shù)點，標點six point two five2.5
a full point句號
the boiling/freezing/melting point________________
②（特定）時刻，瞬間 a turning point in revolution__________________
③要點，要害，論點 to the point中肯，切中要害 off the point離題
④意義，目的 There is no point in doing sth.________________________
⑤尖（端），尖狀物the point of a needle/knife/pen____________________
12.medium___________ maximum最大量的，最高點的（反義詞）minimum最低值（點）
a maximum and minimum thermometer 可顯示最高溫與最低溫的溫度計
n.媒介，藝術(shù)形式，中間位置
Television can be medium for giving information.電視可成為傳播消息的媒介。
The theater is his favourite medium.戲劇是他喜歡的藝術(shù)形式。
Period 2 Warming up,listening&speaking（略）
Period 3 Reading(一)
Step 1 Answer the following questions.
1) What do the symbols on the Australian flag represent?
Six of the points represent the original states (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania) and the seventh stands for all the territories. The other stars on the flag represent the Southern Cross.
2) Who were the first people to arrive in Australia?
The Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.
3) Why were prisoners sent to Australia after 1788? Where were they from?
The American War of Independence made it possible for England to send prisoners to North America. They were from America.
4) What happened to the original Australians when the European newcomers arrived?
The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
5) What was the problem with Australia's Constitution?
The Constitution governing six states stated that men were free and equal, explained their base civil rights and described the new government.
6) How did the two World Wars change Australia?
After the First World War, the country experienced social and economic unrest and suffered from the Depression of the 1930s. After the Second World War, Australia began to transform itself into the modern country as it is today.
7) How does Australian English differ from British English?
Australian English differs from British English in pronunciation and some of the vocabulary.
Read Part One THE PORTRAIT OF A NATION and answer question 1-3.
1.What oceans are around Australia?
Australia is surrounded by many oceans: the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
2. What’s the capital city of Australia? Is it also Australia’s most famous city?
Canberra is the capital city of Australia, but it is not the most famous city. Sydney is Australia’s most famous city.
3. How many stars are there in the Australian flag?
There are six stars.
Read Part Two THE FIRST AUSTRALIANS and answer question4-5.
4.Who are the first Australians?
The first Australians were the Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. 澳大利亞最早的居民是土著居民和托雷斯海峽的島上居民。
5.Do they have their own culture? .
Yes, and their culture was highly developed.
Read Part Three A NATION OF PRISONERS? and answer question6-10.
6.When European explorers began arriving on the continent?
In the seventeenth century.
7.Who claimed the east coast of the continent for the British Crown?
Captain James Cook
8.Why so many prisoners and criminals were sent to Australia?
Because of the American War of Independence, it was impossible for England to send prisoners to North America.
9.What day is Australia Day? What happened on that day?
January 26. The British Governor landed on the continent on that day.
10.Why many Aborigines and islanders were moved?
The newcomers came and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
Read the last two parts and do the following T or F exercises:
11.In the early twentieth century, Australia was a “new world” society without a ruling class.
12.Aborigines and other non-Europeans enjoyed the same rights.
13. The First World War had a great influence on Australia.
14. In the early 1960s, the government passed laws to strengthen the rights of Aborigines and Islanders to improve their living condition.
15. French is the official language of Australia.
16. Australian English is different I spelling from British and American English.
17. “Down under” means “in Australia”.
18. Some of the Aboriginal language have been lost.
keys:T:11,13,17,18 F: 12,14,15,16
Careful-reading:
1.Answer the questions.
1. Why does Australia have so many plants and animals that can not be found anywhere else in the world?
Because Australia has been separated from other Continents for millions of years.
2.Why do kangaroos carry their young in a pocket of skin on their stomach?
Kangaroos give birth to very small and weak young. They are carried in a pocket of skin for several months while they feed on the Mother\'s Milk and grow stronger.
3. In what way is Australia different from all the other countries in the world?
Australia is the only country in the world which covers an entire continent.
4. Compare the Climate in different areas of Australia with that found in different parts of China.
The climate in Australia is different depending on the area. The south has cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. The north has warm, dry winters and hot wet summers.
2.Choose the best answer
1.The Australian flag shows________. D
A. the UK flag and seven stars B. the USA flag and a large star with seven points
C. the UK flag and six large stars with seven points
D. the UK flag, a large star and a group of small stars
2. Who were the first people to arrive in Australia? C
A. Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch.
B. Prisoners and criminals from England.
C. Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. D. Asian explorers.
3.According to the text, Asian countries have _________ on Australia culture. A
A. great influence B. little influence C. no influence D. no effect
4.In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for the_______ Crown. A
A. British B. Spanish C. Portuguese D. American
5.What does the word ‘‘claim’’ mean in Paragraph 3 of ‘‘A nation of prisoners? ’’ B
Australia A. need B. demand C. believe D. buy
6 It was ________ that made the original Australians suffer. A
A. the American War of Independence B. Captain James Cook
C. the English prisoners D. the first fleet of 11 ships
7.After the Second World War, Australia began to_______ B
A. form the commonwealth B. transform itself into the modern country as it is today
C. change its attitude towards immigration D. suffer from the Depression of the 1930s
8. The last part of the text tells us __________. B
A. Australian English is the same as British English
B. there are no differences between Australia English and British English
C. all the words in Australian English have a different meaning from British words
D. "down under" means the country of Australia to Australians
9. From the national flag of Australia, we can know________. C
A. there are 5 states altogether in Australia B. people of Australia like American society
C. people of Australia think they have something to do with the English people
D. Australia suffered from immigration
10 From the text we can infer Australia came into being ________ the continent began to exist. B
A. long before B. long after C. at .the same time when D. shortly after
Post-reading
Answer the following questions.
1) What do the symbols on the Australian flag represent?
Six of the points represent the original states (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania) and the seventh stands for all the territories. The other stars on the flag represent the Southern Cross.
2) Who were the first people to arrive in Australia?
The Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.
3) Why were prisoners sent to Australia after 1788? Where were they from?
The American War of Independence made it possible for England to send prisoners to North America. They were from America.
4) What happened to the original Australians when the European newcomers arrived?
The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
5) What was the problem with Australia\'s Constitution?
The Constitution governing six states stated that men were free and equal, explained their base civil rights and described the new government.
6) How did the two World Wars change Australia?
After the First World War, the country experienced social and economic unrest and suffered from the Depression of the 1930s. After the Second World War, Australia began to transform itself into the modern country as it is today.
7) How does Australian English differ from British English?
Australian English differs from British English in pronunciation and some of the vocabulary.
Integrating skills
Period 4 Language Points in reading
1. represent:vt.
①=depict 描繪，塑造 The picture represents a hunting scene.②=state 陳述 represent sth. To sb.=represent to sb.sth.
e.g. The lawyer represented to the court that the criminal was mentally unstable.
represent …as… 稱……為
e.g. He represents himself as a wealthy man, but in fact he was as poor as a church mouse.
③=stand for/symbolize 代表，象征
e.g. The moon represents my hearts
④=on behalf of 作為……的代表
e.g. I’d like to thank you representing my whole family.
The Queen was represented at funeral by the British ambassador.
representation n. make representations to sb.
representative adj.
2. come to:
①=arrive 到達，抵達
Go straight on till you come to a crossroad.
The answer came to me at last.
②=to concern 談到；涉及
When it comes to tennis, you can’t beat her.
③=to amount to 總計；
The bill came to 5 million dollars.
3. claim vt.
①=to ask for or state one should have sth.提出要求；索��；認領(lǐng)；聲稱有……的權(quán)利
She claims the ownership of the land.
Has anyone claimed this watch?
A small terrorist group has claimed responsibility for the bombing in London.
②=state/declare to be true
Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.
They claim that they have discovered a cure for disease.
n. put in/make ~ for sth 提出損害賠償，增薪等要求
~ to sth; 對某事物的權(quán)利
make a claim to sth要求得到某物；認領(lǐng)某物
have a claim on sb/to sth有（沒有）對某人或某物提出要求的權(quán)利
lay claim to sth 聲稱對．有所有權(quán)
4. consequence cf . result n & v.
n.①.(pl) 結(jié)果，后果，影響
take /suffer/bear the ~s of one’s action
承擔自己行動的后果
②．重要性
It’s of no ~. 這無關(guān)緊要
③． as a consequence
１）由于．．．的緣故= in consequence（ of sth）
２）作為．．．的結(jié)果 =as a result of sth
eg.1) He was found guilty and lost her job in consequence.
2).The tsunami hit the coastline around the Indian Ocean. As a consequence , thousands of people died and more became homeless.海嘯襲擊了印度洋沿岸地區(qū)．結(jié)果，成千上萬的人喪生,更多的人無家可歸
5.resemble sb/ sth（ in sth）（不用進行時）與他人或他物（在某方面）相似 He resembles his father in appearance or nature.
resemblance n.
have little/no ~ to the fact 與事實相去甚遠／根本不符相似,，相象
resemblance between A and B cf. similarity
6.have sb do sth.
have sb/sth doing
have sth done (by sb)
1)讓別人干某事=get sth done
2)遭受到某種不愉快的事
eg.1) Please have/get your hair cut.
2)Last night Mr. Smith had his house broken into
3) King Charles had his head cut by revolutionaries.
7. have an influence on/upon=have an effect on/upon
influence sb./sth affect sb./sth
e.g. I don’t think this kind of system will have a great influence on our school.
8.transform…into… 把……化作/變作……=change…into…
e.g The Greens have transformed their garage into a guest house.
A generator transforms mechanical energy into electricity.
Go over the language points and read the text again.
Finish the exercises in the workbook..
Unit 3 The Land Down Under reading
Unit 3 The Land Down Under (SBIII)
Pre-reading Reading & Post-reading
Teaching Aims:
1.Train the students reading ability especially the skills of summarizing and scanning.
2.Study and have a good grasp of some keywords and phrases.
3.Learn to analyze some difficult long sentences.
Pre-reading:
We have learned several articles about introducing a country before, so before reading please try to finish the exercise on SB P21. Try to tick the questions that you think will be answered in the passage.
Reading:
Step I. Reading the article quickly and then check the answer that you ticked before reading.
keys: 2,3,4,7,9
Step II: Reading the article carefully to grasp some important facts and try to answer some questions.
Read Part One THE PORTRAIT OF A NATION and answer question 1-3.
1. What oceans are around Australia?
2. What’s the capital city of Australia? Is it also Australia’s most famous city?
3. How many stars are there in the Australian flag?
keys:1.Australia is surrounded by many oceans: the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. 2. Canberra is the capital city of Australia, but it is not the most famous city. Sydney is Australia’s most famous city. 3. There are six stars.
Read Part Two THE FIRST AUSTRALIANS and answer question4-5.
4.Who are the first Australians?
5.Do they have their own culture?
keys: 4. The first Australians were the Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders
澳大利亞最早的居民是土著居民和托雷斯海峽的島上居民。
5.Yes, and their culture was highly developed.
Read Part Three A NATION OF PRISONERS? and answer question6-10.
6.When European explorers began arriving on the continent?
7.Who claimed the east coast of the continent for the British Crown?
8.Why so many prisoners and criminals were sent to Australia?
9.What day is Australia Day? What happened on that day?
10.Why many Aborigines and islanders were moved?
keys:
6.In the seventeenth century. 7. Captain James Cook. 8. Because of the American War of Independence, it was impossible for England to send prisoners to North America. 9.January 26. The British Governor landed on the continent on that day. 10.The newcomers came and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
Read the last two parts and do the following T or F exercises:
11.In the early twentieth century, Australia was a “new world” society without a ruling class.
12.Aborigines and other non-Europeans enjoyed the same rights.
13. The First World War had a great influence on Australia.
14. In the early 1960s, the government passed laws to strengthen the rights of Aborigines and Islanders to improve their living condition.
15. French is the official language of Australia.
16. Australian English is different I spelling from British and American English.
17. “Down under” means “in Australia”.
18. Some of the Aboriginal language have been lost.
keys:T:11,13,17,18
F: 12,14,15,16
Step III. Books closed and listen to the tape. Try to imitate the pronunciation.
Discuss in groups and answer the questions on SB P23.
Step IV. Explain some words in the text and then finish the exercise on SB P 24.
newcomer: people who come to a place later the originals 后來者，新來者
differ: be different 不同于
diverse: be various 不同的，多種多樣的
govern: be in the charge of 統(tǒng)治，控制
immigration: people who go to the another country 移民
resemble: looks like 看來象
transform: change 改變，變動
strengthen: make …strong 強化，加強
The Aborigines have been living in Australia for thousands of years. Their present lifestyle and culture(1)_____little from those of their ancestors. However, after the early European explorers set foot on this vast land in the seventeenth century, the Aborigines, who (2)______the Native Americans during the same period of time, were forced to leave their own land. The white (3)______ took their land and killed many of them. Many more Aborigines had to move to inland areas. The continent was (4)________ by the white settlers. Towns and farms were built rapidly. After World War II, a mass (5)_______ from nearly 200 countries (6)______ Australia in to a modern nation.
In a struggle that lasted for many years, the Aborigines claimed equal rights for all Australians, But it was not until the 1960s that the Australian government came to realize the importance of passing laws to (7)________ the rights of the “first Australians”. Only in this way could the people in Australia build a society of (8)________ cultures.
Keys: differ, resembled, newcomers, governed, immigrations, transformed, strengthen , diverse
Unit 3 The land down under
Reading:
Pre-reading
(1) What do you know about Australia?
Australia was discovered about 53 000 years ago. It is possible that the first people crossed into Australia from Asia on great land bridge when the water above of the oceans was lower.
(2) Look at the map of Australia. Australia is surrounded by many oceans: the Indian ocean in the west, the Southern Ocean in the south and the Pacific Ocean in the northeast.
(3) Show more pictures about Australia to the students.
Which questions will be answered in the passage and tick them.
1. How large is Australia?
2. When was Australia founded?
3. Who lives in Australia?
4. What is the capital of Australia?
5. What animals are native to Australia?
6. What is Australia famous for?
7. What does the Australia flag look like?
8. How many people live in Australia?
9. How is Australian English different from British and American English?
Fast reading
How many parts can the passage be divided into? Five
What’s the main idea of each paragraph?
Para1: The portrait of a nation
Para2: The first Australians
Para3: A nation of prisoners
Para4: Another new world: The birth of a nation
Para5: Speak Australian? No worries!
Careful reading
1.The Australian flag shows________. D
A. the UK flag and seven stars
B. the USA flag and a large star with seven points
C. the UK flag and six large stars with seven points
D. the UK flag, a large star and a group of small stars
2. Who were the first people to arrive in Australia? C
A. Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch.
B. Prisoners and criminals from England.
C. Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.
D. Asian explorers.
3.According to the text, Asian countries have _________ on Australia culture. A
A. great influence B. little influence C. no influence D. no effect
4.In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for the_______ Crown. A
A. British B. Spanish C. Portuguese D. American
5.What does the word ‘‘claim’’ mean in Paragraph 3 of ‘‘A nation of prisoners? ’’ B
Australia A. need B. demand C. believe D. buy
6 It was ________ that made the original Australians suffer. A
A. the American War of Independence B. Captain James Cook
C. the English prisoners D. the first fleet of 11 ships
7.After the Second World War, Australia began to_______ B
A. form the commonwealth B. transform itself into the modern country as it is today
C. change its attitude towards immigration D. suffer from the Depression of the 1930s
8. The last part of the text tells us __________. B
A. Australian English is the same as British English
B. there are no differences between Australia English and British English
C. all the words in Australian English have a different meaning from British words
D. \"down under\" means the country of Australia to Australians
9. From the national flag of Australia, we can know________. C
A. there are 5 states altogether in Australia
B. people of Australia like American society
C. people of Australia think they have something to do with the English people
D. Australia suffered from immigration
10 From the text we can infer Australia came into being ________ the continent began to exist. B
A. long before B. long after C. at .the same time when D. shortly after
Post-reading
Answer the following questions.
1) What do the symbols on the Australian flag represent?
Six of the points represent the original states (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania) and the seventh stands for all the territories. The other stars on the flag represent the Southern Cross.
2) Who were the first people to arrive in Australia?
The Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.
3) Why were prisoners sent to Australia after 1788? Where were they from?
The American War of Independence made it possible for England to send prisoners to North America. They were from America.
4) What happened to the original Australians when the European newcomers arrived?
The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
5) What was the problem with Australia\'s Constitution?
The Constitution governing six states stated that men were free and equal, explained their base civil rights and described the new government.
6) How did the two World Wars change Australia?
After the First World War, the country experienced social and economic unrest and suffered from the Depression of the 1930s. After the Second World War, Australia began to transform itself into the modern country as it is today.
7) How does Australian English differ from British English?
Australian English differs from British English in pronunciation and some of the vocabulary.
Integrating skills
Get information about Australia
Animals： kangaroo, koala bear, parrot, snake, digo, sheep, cattle
Distance: 3220 km from north to south 4000 km from east to west
Size: the same as the USA( without Alaska)
Population: 20 million
Agriculture: wheat, fruit, vegetables, meat, wines
Natural resources: metals, precious stones, coal, iron
Climate: cool and wet winters, warm and dry summers in the south; warm and dry winters, hot and wet summers in the north dry or desert in two thirds of the country
Sports: tennis, sailing, swimming
Careful-reading: answer the questions.
1. Why does Australia have so many plants and animals that can not be found anywhere else in the world?
Because Australia has been separated from other Continents for millions of years.
2.Why do kangaroos carry their young in a pocket of skin on their stomach?
Kangaroos give birth to very small and weak young. They are carried in a pocket of skin for several months while they feed on the Mother\'s Milk and grow stronger.
3. In what way is Australia different from all the other countries in the world?
Australia is the only country in the world which covers an entire continent.
4. Compare the Climate in different areas of Australia with that found in different parts of China.
The climate in Australia is different depending on the area. The south has cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. The north has warm, dry winters and hot wet summers.
Discussion:
1.Why does Australia have so many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world?
2. Why do so kangaroos carry their young in a pocket of skin on their stomach?
3. In what way is Australia different from all the countries in the world?
4. Compare the climate in different areas of Australia with that found in different parts of China. Does the climate in your area affect the way you live?
Phrases:
1.go on + n. 繼續(xù)……
2.a tour guide 導(dǎo)游
3.gobushwalking/walkabout/cycling/surfing
去灌木叢中散步/閑逛/去騎自行車/去沖浪
4.as a consequence (of) 作為(……的)結(jié)果
5.break out (指激烈事件)突然發(fā)生
6.feed…on 給(人或物)食物
7.round up 集合在一起
8.be made up of 由……組成(構(gòu)成)
9.be surrounded by 由……包圍;圍繞著
10.be used to 被用來
11.form strong ties with 與……保持良好的關(guān)系
12.groups of 成群的……
13.be chosen as 被選為……
14.be harmful to 對……有害
15.have a strong influence on 對……有強大的影響
16.suffer from 遭受;受……之苦
17.transform… into 把……改變成
18.attitude toward(s) 對……態(tài)度
19.differ from/differ…from… 與……的區(qū)別
20.be fond of 愛好;喜好
21.give birth 出生
22.more than fourteen times as many people 人口比……多達14倍以上
23.keep out 遮擋
24.depend on 依賴;相信
25.all the year round 終年
26.be delighted to 高興;喜歡
Homework:
Read the text .
Unit 3 The Land Down Under (SBIII)
Language points in reading:
1.Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories:
be made up of 由….組成的
e.g. The medical team is made up of ten doctors. 這個醫(yī)療隊是由十名醫(yī)生組成的
Our class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls. 二十個男生和十五名女生組成了我們的班集體
This is made up of three different parts. 它是由三個不同的部分組成的。
[區(qū)別] be made of 由….制成的 (能看出原料)
be made from由….制成的 (不能看出原料)
be made into 被制成….
be made in 被制造于….
Exercises: This car _______________Japan.
Are all animal bodies ________________cells?
Glass can ____________________glasses.
Glasses _____________________glass.
keys: is made in ; made up of ; be made into; are made of
[復(fù)習]make a face; make friends with ; make ends meet; make fun of; make a living; made room for; make up; make up one’s mind; make use of
2.The capital of Australia is Canberra, a city located between Sydney and Melbourne.
located 在這里是過去分詞，與后面的部分構(gòu)成了分詞短語做后置定語修飾city.
單個分詞做定語常放在被修飾詞的前面
e.g. a fallen tree一棵倒下的樹 a broken chair一把破椅子 stolen cultural relics被盜的文物
surprised look吃驚的表情 a drunk man 一個醉漢
但是分詞短語做定語往往放在被修飾詞的后面做后置定語
e.g. money stolen by the fellow; gold hidden under the mud; teachers followed by the students
locate vt. 把….安裝于… 把….創(chuàng)建于….
e.g. They located the city Canberra between Sydney and Melbourne.→
The city Canberra was located between Sydney and Melbourne. 因此寫成分詞的形式就必須用過去分詞。
學(xué)過的類似用法的詞
Students interested in reading may go to the library every day in our school.愛好讀書的學(xué)生每天可以去圖書館。
The enemies stationed on the hill were defeated. 駐扎在小山上的敵人被打敗了。
The boy surprised at what he saw couldn’t say a word. 男孩對所見的事非常吃驚，一句話都說不出來。
3.Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stand for all the territories.
Represent → stand for vt. 代表
e.g. Our party represents the people.我們的黨代表人民的利益。
They said they represented the team.他們說他們代表整個隊。
The foreign minister represented the country at the conference.
在會議上外交大臣代表國家。
4. Australia is a young nation on an ancient continent.
on a continent 是一個介詞短語， 意思是： 在陸地上 有如下文當中的
In the seventeenth century, European explorers began arriving on the continent.
arrive vi. 應(yīng)該與at, in 連用。在這on the continent 是介詞短語。
5. Their culture was highly developed.
highly adv. 高度的，非常的，很高地，（多修飾過去分詞或形容詞）
e.g. The boy was highly praised.他受到了高度贊揚。
He was a highly skilled flier now.現(xiàn)在他是一個技術(shù)高超的飛行員。
The industrial life of China is not yet highly developed.中國的工業(yè)還沒有迅猛發(fā)展。
He is a highly trained journalist in Paris.在巴黎他是一名受過嚴格訓(xùn)練的記者。
6.Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen as a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.
本句中有一個重要的句式：主語+make+it+adj.+for sb. + to do sth.
e.g. Teachers always make it clear for the students to do the experiment.實驗前老師們總是為學(xué)生們講解清楚。
You’d better make it clear before we start. 我們開始前你最好講明白。
The heave rain made it impossible for us to go for a sight seeing.那場大雨讓我們的觀光成了泡影。
The 2008 Olympic Games makes it important for Chinese to learn English.
2008年的奧運會提高了中國人學(xué)英語的重要性。
Computers make it easy for us to look for information both at home and abroad.
電腦使我們很容易在網(wǎng)上獲得國內(nèi)外的信息。
where prisoners and criminals were sent 是一個定語從句，修飾place.
exercises:用which 或where 填空：
This is the room _______I lived when I was young.
This is the room _______I lived in when I was yong.
Do you still remember the place_______ we played in last summer holiday?
Do you still remember the place_______ we played last summer holiday?
We often go to the place_______ there are many tall trees after school.
Keys: where; which ; which; where; where
7.As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
as a consequence 相當于as a result 結(jié)果
8.Many Aborigines and islanders were moved and had their land taken away from them.
復(fù)習句式have sb./sth. done.
[比較] have sb. /sth. do.
have sb./sth. doing.
have sth. to do.
Exercises
Tomorrow I will go to Beijing , do you have something __________ （買）？
I am very busy, so I have to have my hair ___________(理) on Sunday.
I have many much homework _____________ (做)，so I can’t go with you.
The two cheats had the lights ____________(亮) all the night.
Mum has a lot of housework ___________(做)every day.
Our English teacher had me ___________(站) in class, because I couldn’t recite the text.
Keys: bought; cut(過去分詞) ；to do; burning; to do ; stand
9.In the early twentieth century, Australia resembled the USA of the eighteenth century:
resemble →look like 看起來象，顯得象
注意：resemble沒有被動語態(tài)，沒有進行時態(tài)
e.g. She resembles her sister.她長得象她姐姐。
So many hotels resemble each other.許多旅館都很相似。
The plant resembles grass in appearance.這種植物外型象草。
10. The First World War had a strong influence on Australia.
have a strong/great influence on /upon 對…有很大的影響
e.g. Attitude of parents has a great influence on/upon their children.
父母的態(tài)度對孩子有很大的影響。
Literature and art have a strong influence upon/on people’s ideology.
文藝對人們的思想有很大的影響。
[拓展]under the influence of 在…的影響之下
e.g. Under the influence of the monitor, the students worked hard.
11.Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and American English.
differ vi. differ in = be different in 在…方面是不同的
e.g. The twins differ in character. 這對雙胞胎性格相差很大。
We have much in common, but we differ in appearance.我們共同點很多，但長得不象。
differ from… in….
e.g. Chinese differs greatly from English in pronunciation.漢語在發(fā)音上與英語差很遠。
[拓展] differ with/ from sb. on/about/upon sth. 某人就…問題與別人意見不一
e.g. We differ with/from him on/about/upon that question.就這個問題我們與他意見不一