基礎(chǔ)知識
SB3A Units1--4
一. 知識菜單
(一. ) 常用單詞與詞組
常用單詞
1. voyager conclude length athletic account inspect confirm certificate gradual enthusiastic decade committee burst underline globe bush administration permission schoolmate grandparent recently familiar delight delighted energetic cautious outgoing evaluate various key origin equip wealthy Asian ambassador wander motherland existence accurate navy treasure command royal embassy volunteer dam suggest accomplish unable sacred aircraft chairman evidence praise strait islander govern diverse transform immigration strengthen differ pronunciation vocabulary concept chairwoman entire fence birthplace outing roast steak barrier hairy medium bushy procedure rose strawberry lemon bunch growth classify identification promote botanical appetite appoint calculate expense astronomy cocoa enterprise settlement accumulate abandon straw pineapple tone altogether latter distinguish
2. beard/ moustache
3. tight/ tightrope/ tighten
4. edition/ edit/ editor
5. hire/ fire
6. attempt to do sth
7. suitable/ fit
8. blank adj./ n.
9 bid n. /v
10.skillful/ skilled/ skill
11. truly/ true/ real/ really
12. puzzle n./ vt.
13. sick/ sickness/ ill/ illness
14. arise/ rise/ raise
15.fellow adj./n
16.criminal n./ adj.
17.female/ male
18.mine n/ vi/ pron.
19.outdoors/ outdoor/ indoors/ indoor
20.point/ pointed
21.merely/ only
22.classify/class/ classical
23.reward n. vt.
24.technician/ technical/ technique/technology
25.nowhere/ anywhere/ everywhere/ somewhere
26.appearance/ appear/ disappear
27. latter/ later/ late/lately
28.output/ input
29.millimeter/ centimeter/ kilometer
常用詞組
1. set down/ write down/put down
2. in a row
3. in the first place/ first/ firstly
4. apply for
5. be enthusiastic about/over/at
6. burst into sth/ burst out doing
7.be familiar with/ be familiar to
8. center on/ upon
9. concentrate on/ upon
10. in the name of / after one’s name
11. be a puzzle to sb.
12. in exchange for
13. set sail to/for /from
14. in return/in turn
15. bring up
16. apart from/ besides/ except/ except for
17. run out/ run out of
18.as a consequence of
19.go walkabout
20.break out/ break away
21.feed…on/ live…on
22.round up
23.look out for
24.on a large scale
25.year after year/ year by year
26.pass away
27.name …after
28.in detail/ in order
(二)重點語法:
1. Review the Subject
2. Review the Predicate
3. Review the Predicative
4. Review the Object
二. 疑難點撥:
1. conclude
vt.
1.) 結(jié)束[(+by/with)]
He concluded the speech by quoting/ with a quotation from Einstein.
他最后引用愛因斯坦的一句話結(jié)束演說。
2.) 推斷出,斷定 [+that]
From what you’ve said I can conclude that you like the job very much.
從你所說的我可以推斷出你非常喜歡這份工作。
3.) 締結(jié)(條約)[(+with)]
conclude a treaty with和……訂立條約
4.) (最后)決定(為)[+to-v][+that]
He concluded to quit on pay day.
他決定在發(fā)薪水這天辭職。
He concluded that he would wait a little longer.
他決定再等一會兒。
vi.
結(jié)束,終了[(+with)]
The play concluded with the death of the entire cast.
該劇以全體劇中人物之死結(jié)局。
2. make for可造成，可成為，有好處
The large print makes for easier reading.
大字排版使閱讀輕松一些。
Does early rising make for good health?
早起有利于健康嗎？
3. attempt
vt.
1.) 試圖;企圖;試圖做[+to-v]
They attempted to finish the task before July.
他們打算在七月以前完成這項任務(wù)。
2.) 試圖攻占
They attempted the life of the leader.
他們試圖殺死這個領(lǐng)袖。
n.[C]
1.) 企圖,嘗試[(+at/on)][+to-v]
He made an attempt on the world record.
他試圖打破世界紀(jì)錄。
Her attempt at poetry was a failure.
她嘗試寫詩失敗了。
make an attempt to do sth./ at doing sth. 試圖做某事
2.) 攻擊[(+on)]
Several attempts have been made on the president's life.
已經(jīng)有人三番五次試圖謀殺總統(tǒng)。
4. confirm
vt.
1.) 證實;確定[+(that)]
The Prime Minister confirmed that he would visit France next month.
首相確定他下個月訪問法國。
His letter confirmed everything.
他的信證實了一切。
2.) 堅定;加強 [+(in)]
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
最新的發(fā)展使我堅信我的信仰。
3.) 批準(zhǔn),確認(rèn)
The queen confirmed the treaty.
女王批準(zhǔn)了此項條約。
5. burst
vi.
1.) 爆炸;破裂
The balloon burst.
氣球爆炸了。
2.) 沖,闖
Her door was thrust open, and Mrs. Page burst in.
她的門被猛地推開,佩奇太太沖了進(jìn)來。
3.) 突然出現(xiàn);突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)
4.) (用進(jìn)行時)塞滿,幾乎要脹破[(+with)]
I am bursting with pride.
我自豪極了。
相關(guān)短語：burst into tears / burst into laughter/ burst out laughing
vt.
1.) 使爆炸;使破裂
After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.
下了十天雨后河堤決口了。
2.) 突然打開;沖出;炸出
3. )使脹破
6. underline
vt.
1.) 在...的下面劃線
The key words are underlined.
關(guān)鍵的字下面劃了線。
2.) 強調(diào);使突出
This example underlines the consequences of bad management.
這個例子突顯了管理不好的后果。
7. be familiar to/ be familiar with
sb./ sth. be familiar to sb. ……對某人來說很熟悉
sb. be familiar with sb./ sth. 某人熟悉或通曉……
I’m familiar with your name.
Your name is familiar to me.
我熟悉你的名字。
She has become familiar with the house
The house has become familiar to her.
她對房子已經(jīng)很熟悉。
8. center on/ upon/ around
集中; 居中[(+on/upon/around)]
Their talks always center around politics.
他們的談話總是圍繞著政治。
9. concentrate
vt.
集中;聚集,集結(jié) [(+on/upon)]
We must concentrate our attention on efficiency.
我們必須把注意力集中在效率上。
Our population is concentrated in the big cities.
我國人口集中在大城市里。
vi.
全神貫注;專心致志于；全力以赴[(+on/upon)]
She couldn't concentrate on a book very long.
她不能長時間專心讀一本書。
10. delight
n.
1.) 欣喜,愉快[U]
To our delight, our football team won.
令我們高興的是,我們的足球隊贏了。
She ran back home with delight.
她興高采烈地跑回家。
2.) 樂事,樂趣[C]
He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life.
他享受了紐約夜生活的樂趣。
vt.
使高興；使愉快
I'm delighted that you are back.
你回來了,我很高興。
We were delighted to read your novel.
我們很高興拜讀你的小說。
The clown delighted the audience.
小丑逗樂了觀眾。
11. puzzle
vt.
1.) 使迷惑;使為難,使窘困
What puzzles me is why they didn't show up.
令我百思不解的是他們?yōu)槭裁礇]有出現(xiàn)。
He looked a little puzzled.
他看上去有點困惑。
His recent behavior puzzles me.
他最近的行為使我迷惑不解。
2.) 苦思而得出[(+out)]
I could not puzzle out her intentions.
我猜不出她的意圖。
We finally puzzled out the meaning of the poem.
我們苦苦思索終于理解這首詩的意思。
vi.
1.) 感到迷惑[(+about/ over)]
I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.
我對這個問題已冥思苦想了好幾個星期。
2.) 苦思,冥思苦想[(+about/over/as to)]
n.
1.) (游戲的)猜謎,智力競賽[C]
2.) 難題,謎,難以理解之事[sing.]
Her decision was a puzzle to him.
她的決定對他來說是個謎。
3.) 困惑,迷惑[sing.]
I'm in a puzzle as to how to cope with the new situation.
我不知道該如何應(yīng)付這新局面。
12.in exchange for與……交換
She is giving him English lessons in exchange for his teaching her Chinese.
她教他英語，他教她漢語。
13. wander
vi.
1.) 漫游;閑逛;流浪;徘徊[(+about/off/over/through)]
He wandered about the streets.
他在街上游蕩。
2.) 離開正道;離題[(+from/off)]
During the storm the ship wandered from its course.
船在風(fēng)暴中偏離了航道。
He wandered from the subject.
他說離了題。
3.) (精神)錯亂;(思想)混亂;出神,開小差
My attention wandered.
我走了神。
14. suggest
vt.
1.) 建議,提議[+v-ing][+(that虛擬)]
I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.
我建議我們星期天去公園。
The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.
牙醫(yī)建議她改天再來。
2.) 暗示;啟發(fā)[+(that陳述)]
Her expression suggested pleasure./that she was pleased
她面露喜色。
3.) 使人想起,使人聯(lián)想到[(+to)]
That cloud suggests a boat to me.
那朵云使我聯(lián)想到船。
15. accomplish
vt.
1.) 完成,實現(xiàn),達(dá)到
They didn't accomplish the purpose desired.
他們沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的。
They have accomplished their mission successfully.
他們成功地完成了任務(wù)。
2.) 走完,度過
She has accomplished 95 years of her life.
她已達(dá)九十五高齡。
The journey was accomplished in five weeks.
花了五個禮拜走完全部旅程。
16. refer to
1.) 查閱，參閱
A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of the words.
2.) 指……而言，指的是
I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young boy.
3.) 把……稱作(as)
Don’t refer to your sister as a silly cow!
refer…to
1.) 指導(dǎo)；讓……找
Our teacher refers us to many good books.
If he needs any further information, refer him to me.
2.) 歸功于；歸咎于
He referred his success to the good teaching he’s had.
17. arise (arose, arisen)
arise vi./ rise vi. / raise vt.
raise是及物動詞，比較好區(qū)分。下面主要看arise 和rise的區(qū)別
arise (1) to come into being or into notice; happen; appear產(chǎn)生,出現(xiàn),形成
Problems will arise as we do the work.
隨著我們開展工作，問題就會出現(xiàn)。
(2) to get up from sitting or lying; stand up 從坐著或者是躺著的狀態(tài)起來；站起
I will arise and go now.
我現(xiàn)在要起身走了。
rise (1) go up; get higher上升；升高
The river is rising after the rain.
雨后河水在上漲。
Her voice rose higher and higher with excitement.
她激動得聲音越來越高。
(2) to stand up from lying, kneeling, or sitting從躺、跪或坐的狀態(tài)站立起來：起身
She rose to greet her guests.
她站起來迎接客人。
(3) (of price, amount, temperature, etc) to increase, get higher
Tea/ The price of tea has risen by 5 pence/ has risen to 30 pence.
茶的價格上漲了五個便士/上漲到三十便士。
18. fellow
n.[C]
1.) 【口】男人;家伙;人
A fellow must eat.
人總得吃飯。
2.) 伙伴;同事
They are my fellows at school.
他們是我的同學(xué)。
adj.
同伴的;同事的;同類的
He recalled his fellow traveller with pleasure.
他愉快地回憶起他的旅伴。
19. criminal
adj.
1.) 犯罪的,犯法的
Robbery is a criminal act.
搶劫是犯罪行為。
2.) 刑事上的
Scotland has its own criminal law.
蘇格蘭有它自己的刑法。
n.
罪犯[C]
20. transform
vt.[(+into)]
1.) 使改變;使改觀;將...改成
The Greggs have transformed their garage into a guest house.
格雷格一家把他們的車庫改成了客房。
2.) 改造;改革;改善
The situation has been greatly transformed.
形勢已經(jīng)大大好轉(zhuǎn)。
3.) 使變換
A generator transforms mechanical energy into electricity.
發(fā)電機將機械能變成電。
21. differ
vi.
1.) 不同,相異[(+from)]
Our tastes differ from each other.
我們的嗜好不同。
2.) 意見不同[(+with sb. about/ on/ over )]
He differed with his brother about/ on / over a political question.
他和他的兄弟在一個政治問題上見解有分歧。
That's where we differ.
那是我們有分歧的地方。
22. procedure
n.
1.) 程序;手續(xù);步驟[U][C]
The chairman was quite familiar with the procedure for conducting a meeting.
主席對開會的程序很熟悉。
The next procedure is as follows.
下一個步驟如下。
2.) 常規(guī);傳統(tǒng)的做法[C][U]
The first step in the procedure for making a kite is to build the frame.
制作風(fēng)箏的第一步是做骨架。
23. growth
n.
1.) 生長,成長;發(fā)育[U]
Exercise and good food are important to the proper growth of a child.
運動和營養(yǎng)好的食物對孩子的正常發(fā)育十分重要。
2.) 增長;增大;發(fā)展[U][sing.]
The rate of overall industrial growth was above eight percent.
工業(yè)總增長率超過百分之八。
3.) 種植,栽[U]
These are fruits of my own growth.
這些是我自己栽培的水果。
4.) 生長物;產(chǎn)物[C][sing.]
A thick growth of weeds covered the yard.
庭院長滿濃密的野草。
24. merely
adv.
只是,僅僅,不過
That was merely a guess of mine.
那只是我的一種猜測。
25. promote
vt.
1.) 使(學(xué)生)升級; 晉升[(+to)]
Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next higher grade.
通過考試的學(xué)生將升到高一個年級去。
2.) 促進(jìn);發(fā)揚;引起
The Prime Minister's visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的訪問將促進(jìn)兩國間的合作。
3.) 【美】宣傳,推銷(商品等)
Your job is to promote the new product.
你的工作是促銷這一新產(chǎn)品。
26. appoint
vt.
1.) 任命,指派 [(+as/to)]
They appointed him (to be) manager.
他們?nèi)蚊麨榻?jīng)理。
He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉斯作為他在約克市的代理人。
2.) 約定,指定;安排
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
我們的來賓在約定的時間到達(dá)了。
27. calculate
vt.
1.) 計算[+(that)]；估計;預(yù)測;推測[+(that)]
I calculated that we would arrive at 6:00pm.
按我的計算，我們可以在下午六點正到達(dá)。
He calculated the costs very carefully.
他仔細(xì)計算開支。
2.)計劃,打算;使適合(某種目的) [+to-v]
His remark was calculated to hurt her.
他的話是故意要傷她的。
3.) 【美】【口】以為,認(rèn)為[+(that)]
I calculate that they will soon arrive.
我看他們快要到了。
vi.
計算
Have you finished calculating yet?
你計算好了嗎?
28. reward
n.
1.) 報答;報償;獎賞;報應(yīng)[U][C]
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他工作很辛苦,報酬卻很少,這不公平。
2.) 酬金;賞金;獎品[C][(+for)]
A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
有人提供巨額懸賞捉拿這些罪犯。
vt.
1.) 報答,報償;酬謝;獎勵[(+with/for)]
They rewarded him for his great help with a gift of money.
他們獎給他一筆錢以酬謝他鼎立相助。
2.) 報應(yīng);懲罰(壞人或壞事)[(+for)]
He will sooner or later be rewarded for his wicked conduct.
他的惡行遲早會受到報應(yīng)。
29. latter
adj.
1.) 后面的;后半的;末了的
This latter point was of great importance.
后面這點極為重要。
2.) (兩者中)后者的
Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother.
這是湯姆和戴維;后者是我的兄弟。
3.) 最近的;現(xiàn)今的
His health has been deteriorating in these latter years.
最近幾年他的健康越來越差。
later/late/lately
later 與latter 音同，但意思不一樣。它是late的比較級。
late 表示“遲（遲于正常安排的或是期待的時間），晚（指一段時間的末尾或者晚上較晚的時間）”
He always arrived home late.
他經(jīng)常很晚才回家。
My grandfather likes to stay late.
我祖父喜歡晚睡。
The young tree was planted late in the planting season.
這株小樹是在植樹季節(jié)末期栽的。
lately 表示“最近，近來”，多用于疑問句和否定句，或用于as lately as ，only lately的結(jié)構(gòu)中。
Have you been to the cinema lately?
你近來看過電影嗎？
We haven’t been there lately.
我們最近沒到那里去過。
I saw her as lately as last Sunday.
我上星期天還見過她。
It is only lately that he has been well enough to go out.
他的身體康復(fù)能夠外出還是最近的事。
late 還有一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法：
later on將來，后來/ sooner or later遲早/ at (the) latest至遲/ of late近來
30. distinguish
vt.
1.) 區(qū)別;識別[(+from)]
He can distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction.
他能區(qū)別真正的古董與復(fù)制品。
2.) (憑感覺器官)辨認(rèn)出
I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.
我能根據(jù)室友的腳步聲辨認(rèn)出他們。
3.) 使杰出;使顯出特色
She distinguished herself as a black lawyer.
她成了一位杰出的黑人律師。
vi.
區(qū)別;識別;辨別[(+between)]
It is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong.
明辨是非當(dāng)然要緊。