中學(xué)英語(yǔ)易混詞匯講與練（高一上）
1．a(chǎn)lthough／though
(1) 一般情況下，兩者可換用(although多用于句首)。
(2) 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在主句前．從句中用部分倒裝時(shí)，用though(=as)。
(3) 只能說(shuō)as though(=as if); even though(＝even if)。
(4) though可用作副詞,放在句末或句中．表示“然而”“不過”，although不可。
(1) they tried hard, they didn't finish the work on time.
(2) They didn't stop to have a rest they were tired.
(3) He speaks English as he were an Englishman.
(4) Even he didn't tell me anything about it. I know the whole thing.
(5) Child he is, he knows a lot about computers.
(6) He said he would help me with my English; he didn't， .
2．too much／much too
too much后接不可數(shù)名詞(如果接可數(shù)名詞用too many)，還可單獨(dú)使用，用作代詞或副詞(作賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))。
much too不可單獨(dú)使用，后面要接形容詞或其他副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞。
(1) The car is expensive for a common family in China.
(2) You drank last night.
(3) You eat sugar every day. It's bad to your health.
(4) It's hot today.
(5) What you said is for the girl.
3．holiday／vacation／leave／off
(1) Christmas is a for everybody
(2) The children will take their summer in half a month.
(3) The manager is on
(4) The headmaster gave me a day
(5) I have to ask you for half a day's
4．a(chǎn)llow / permit/let/make
allow和permit在許多情況下可以換用，只是詞義的強(qiáng)弱有些差別：allow側(cè)重于“聽任" "默許" "不加阻止”；permit強(qiáng)調(diào)“正式認(rèn)可” “批準(zhǔn)”的意思。Let椒普通用語(yǔ)；make是“使┅┅”。在使用中還要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1) 可以說(shuō)allow／permit sb．to do不可以說(shuō)allow／permit sb．doing。
(2) 可以說(shuō)allow／permit doing不可以說(shuō)allow／permit to do。
（3）可以說(shuō)let sb. do sth. 不可以說(shuō) let sb. to do sth.
（4）可以說(shuō)make sb. do sth.不可以說(shuō)make sb. to do sth.
但要說(shuō)：Sb. is made to do sth.
1. Students are not allowed ____________(enter)the net-bar.
2. Children are not permitted _____________(watch)this play.
3. Do you allow__________(smoke)in the office?
4. Please let me_____________(introduce)myself.
5. What make you____________(think)I am a farmer?
6. The children are made___________(do)a lot of homework every day.
7. That teacher often too much noise in the classroom.
8. Schools do not smoking.
9. He was angry with me and didn't me into the room.
5．through／across
across(橫過、穿過)著重指從一條線或一物體表面的一邊到另一邊。含義與on有關(guān)。
through(穿過，從……通過)著重指空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭。含義與in有關(guān)。
(1)A train is running the tunnel.
(2)Don't run the street while the traffic light is red.
(3)There is a shop the road.
(4)I don't think he will live the night.
6．be made from／be made of／be made in／be made into／be made up of
be made of／from意為“由......制成”。用以制造的原材料已改變，在制成品中看不出原材料，用from；原料未改變，在制成品中仍看得出原材料，用of。
be made in指產(chǎn)地，意為“在......制造，由......制造”。
be made into意為“將......制成”。與以上短語(yǔ)不同，它的主語(yǔ)為原材料。
be made up of指“由......組成”。
1. This kind of books is made ________ a kind of paper which is made _______bamboo.
2. The necklace made_______glass instead of diamond is made ______GuangZhou..
3. What can this piece of wood made_________?
4. The club is made_________twenty members.
5. These table are made our factory. They were made wood.
6. Wood can be made tables and other furniture.
7. China is made 56 nations.
7．by bike／on a bike／in a bus
by，in，on用于交通工具時(shí)用法如下：
表示旅行方式，不涉及交通工具時(shí)用by。如：by air，by water，by sea，by land(road)。
泛指交通工具時(shí)用by，表交通工具的名詞前不用冠詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。如：by plane，by bus，by boat，by train。
交通工具前有冠詞或物主代詞等修飾詞時(shí)，用in或on如:on a red bike，on／in a bus／train／ship。
交通工具前有起始或到達(dá)時(shí)間時(shí)，也可用by。如：by／on，the 11：00 train。
“騎馬，騎駱駝，步行”均用on。如：。n horseback，on a horse，On the camel，On foot。
1.I usually go to school______bus,but this morning I went______my brother’s bike.
2.I went there_______the No.6 bus but came back_______my friend’s car.
8．no one/none
(1) no one用來(lái)指人，不能接“短語(yǔ)，當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
(2) none不僅指人也可指物,其后常接of短語(yǔ),構(gòu)成"none of+名詞/代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),當(dāng)名詞或代詞為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可.
(3) 回答how many／how much引起的問句用none;回答who引起的問句用no one.
(1) likes a person with bad manners.
(2) of his friends came to help him.
(3) Almost believes him.
(4) of them has/have seen
(5)--How much coal is left? -- .
(6) --Who entered the room? -- .
(7) How many students are there in the classroom? -- .
9．wear / dress / put on / have on / in / be dress in / pull on / with
(1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作sb．dress sb／oneself sb．put on(衣服、鞋、帽等) sb．pull on(衣服、鞋、帽等)
(2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)sb. wear(衣服、鞋、帽、手套、眼鏡、頭發(fā)、胡須等。還可接顏色)
sb．have on(衣服、鞋、帽、手套等) sb．be in(顏色、衣服) sb．be dressed in(顏色、衣服)
(3)其他用法pull on表示不經(jīng)心地、隨隨便便或匆匆忙忙地穿上／戴上。
wear可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，有時(shí)可用wearing作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)
have on不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，也不可用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)
in除了同be連用作表語(yǔ)外，還可單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)。
dress還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，指“日常的穿著”。
with只能接眼鏡、手套等，用作定語(yǔ)。
(1) She got up late, so she her clothes and went to school in a hurry.
(2)She is a new skirt today. She looks more beautiful.
(3)He is going out. He is an overcoat.
(4)The nurses are all in white.
(5) She her son and sent him to school. Then she herself in a coat and went to work. She always well.
(6)When a person is born, he/she nothing When he/she dies, he/she carries
(7)When did you get the shoes you yesterday?
(8)She likes to black (clothes).
(9)The girl red is our monitor.
(10) The woman teacher glasses English teacher.
10．a(chǎn)gree on／agree with／agree to
agree on表示在某一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成協(xié)議或取得一致意見
agree with表示同意、贊成某人說(shuō)的話，后接sb．或wh-從句,或表達(dá)意見,想法,觀點(diǎn),決定的詞(opinion, view, idea, decision)還可以表示"與.....一致,適合"; 此時(shí)主語(yǔ)一般不是表示人的詞.
agree to后接計(jì)劃、安排、建議、條件等詞(plan, arrangement, suggestion, terms).agree to do。表示“同已做某事”。
(1) I what he said.
(2) After a further discussion, both sides the date for the next meeting.
(3) They didn't each other on that point.
(4) A verb should its subject in number and person.
(5) At last the teacher give him another chance.
(6) Do you the arrangement?
(7) They all the matter.
11．spend／cost／take／pay
(1) sb. spend some time／money on sth．或sb．spend some time/money on sth.或sb. spend some time/money/(in)doing sth
(2) sth. cost sb. some money/time/life/health
(3) It takes sb．some time to do sth．或sb. take some time to do sth或 sth take sb some time to do
(4) sb. pay (sb.)some money (for)sth.
(1) It him three years to write the book.
(= He three years to write the book. The book him three years to write.
= He three years writing the book. )
(2) Every year he a lot of money on books/in buying books.
(3) This dictionary me 100 yuan.
(4) Making experiment like that much time and labour.
(5) Careless driving may you your life.
(6) They have decided to 70 000 yuan for the newly built house.
(7) We'll you in a few days, when I have money.
12．a(chǎn) number of／the number of
a number of的意思是“一些：許多”，相當(dāng)于many，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞。它所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，中心詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
the number of的意思是“......的數(shù)量；號(hào)碼”。當(dāng)它與后面的名詞連用時(shí)，中心詞是the number。如果用作主語(yǔ)，即使后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也要用單數(shù)。
(1)Do you know my telephone?
(2) trees planted in our village is never under 200 every year.
(3)We have lived here for years.
(4) jobless people grows in the country at present.
(5) students are playing football on the playground.
(6) students in our class is over 70.
13．sound／noise／voice
(1) sound指各種聽得見的聲音，這種聲音可以是悅耳的，也可以是不悅耳的。
(2) noise指各種“噪音；響聲；喧鬧聲”。
(3) voice指人的說(shuō)話聲、歌聲或笑聲，也可以指鳥鳴聲，還可以用于比喻。
(1) I heard a strange in the next room.
(2)She listened to the low, sad of the sea.
(3) The manager must be in the next room. I heard his .
(4)Don't make such a .
(5) The from that factory makes it difficult for me to go to sleep.
(6) travels fast, but light travels faster.
(7)The baby cried at top of his
14．a(chǎn)s many as／as much as
as many as意為“多達(dá)……，……之多”，常用在人或物的具體數(shù)量前，結(jié)構(gòu)為：as many as+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。as much as常用在“雨量、水量、時(shí)間量、重量、錢數(shù)．、價(jià)格”等方面，表示“總量”和“單位量”的大小，結(jié)構(gòu)為：as much as十?dāng)?shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
比較:...倍數(shù)+as many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+as；…倍數(shù)+as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as。
(1) 250 000 people lost their homes in the earth quake.
(2)The rain is plentiful here, often seventy inches every year.
(3) At the job, she could earn eighty dollars a week.
(4)The civil war in that country lasted 16 years.
15．prepare／prepare for／get(be)ready
(1) get/be ready意為“準(zhǔn)備好”，強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的結(jié)果。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：①get ready(for sth．)②get sth. Ready ③be ready(for sth)④be ready to do(準(zhǔn)備干某事，樂于干某事)
(2) prepare意為“準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的動(dòng)作與過程。賓語(yǔ)是這一動(dòng)作的承受者。其后也可接雙賓語(yǔ)，還可接不定式。
(3) prepare for意為“為......做準(zhǔn)備”，for的賓語(yǔ)不是動(dòng)作的承受者，而是表示準(zhǔn)備的目的，即所要應(yīng)付的情況。
prepare常見結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
prepare sth．準(zhǔn)備某物(事)；
prepare sth．for sth．為……做……準(zhǔn)備
prepare to do sth．準(zhǔn)備做某事
prepare for sth. 為某事做準(zhǔn)備 ’
prepare sb．for sth. 使某人對(duì)某事有思想準(zhǔn)備
be prepared for sth．準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)付某事
(1) Mother was busy lunch in the kitchen when I got home.
(2)The doctor told the nurses to the operation at once.
(3) We to do anything for the people.
(4)Will you help me the party?
(5) Please by seven o' clock tomorrow morning.
(6)The teacher is the exam.
(7)The students are the exam.
(8)Will you her for the bad news that is coming?
16．discover／invent／find
discover指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”原本存在而未為人所知的東西。discover還作"發(fā)現(xiàn)(某種情況)”講，后面可以接名詞、代詞、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句；invent指“發(fā)明”原本不存在的東西；find指“找到”原本丟失的東西。
(1)Electricity wasn't by Edison, but he the electric light.
(2) Have you the bike you lost last week?
(3) We her to a good doctor.
(4)This kind of machine was many years ago.
17．complete／finish／end ‘
(1)詞義方面：finish是一般用語(yǔ)，常用于完成日常活動(dòng)，有時(shí)指“吃完”；complete是較正式的用語(yǔ)；常用于完成預(yù)定的任務(wù)、工程、建設(shè)等，有時(shí)含有“使...…變得完整起來(lái)”的意思；end是指“結(jié)束”或“終止”某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)該活動(dòng)是否圓滿完成。
(2)結(jié)構(gòu)方面：finish后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式；complete后接名詞或代詞；end。后接名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。
(3)詞性方面：finish和end還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，complete不可，但是complete可以用作形容詞，意為“完整的，全部的”，用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。finished可以用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。
(1)This term will in July.
(2)When you reading the novel, can you lend it to me?
(3) They the evening with a few songs.
(4) We started off immediately after we 'had our breakfast.
(5) Fill. in the blanks with the missing words and the sentences.
(6)Is the story he told a one?
18．go up／bring up
二者都可以指價(jià)格等方面的上升，但是go up為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不可用于被動(dòng)，反義詞組為go down；bring up為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，可以用于被動(dòng)；反義詞組為bring down。
(1) I believe the prices might next week. We can buy some cheap ones then.
(2)Can you get them to the price? We can't sell at such a low price.
(3) The government should take measures to the price of petrol. It's too high.
(4)After the rain, the river keeps
(5) It is too hot these days. I hope the temperature will soon.
19．a(chǎn)t one time／at times／at all times／at a time／at no time／at the same time／for a time
(1) at one time(＝once)意為“從前、曾經(jīng)”。 (2) all times(=sometimes)意為“有時(shí)、間或”。
(3) at all times(＝always)意為“一直、隨時(shí)”。 (4) at a time(＝each time)意為“一次、每次”。
(5) at no time意為“在任何時(shí)候都不、決不”。 (6) at the same time意為“同時(shí)”。
(7) for a time意為“一度、一段時(shí)間”，相當(dāng)于for some time。
(1) In class you should listen to your teacher _________________, not from time to tome.
(2) We were good friends , but aren't now.
(3)Please give me two books
(4)We couldn't say who came earlier. They almost arrived
(5) You should waste your time playing computer games.
(6)He was a professor of a university in Beijing Now he studies in America.
20．change for／change into／change with
(1) change for...意為“向...方面轉(zhuǎn)化”；change A for B意為“把A調(diào)換為B”，有時(shí)A可以省略。
(2) change with…意為“隨同……改變”；change...with sb．意為“和某人交換”。
(3) A change into B意為“A變化成n，’；change A into B意為“把A變成B”。change into還可表示“換上(衣服)”。
1. I’m sorry to say that I can’t give back your money.I suggest that you________the small one_______a bigger one.
2. In what conditions can water________________vapour.
3. The price of this kind of goods will___________________the seasons.
4. The weather is changing the better.
5. Times change and we should change them.
6. Will you change seats me?
7. He changed his camera a television set.
8. Ice changes water rapidly on hot day.
9. Change the following sentences negative forms.
10. If your daughter doesn't like the color, you can come back to change another.
21．win／beat
beat賓語(yǔ)只能是表示人的詞或一個(gè)集體，“在比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、爭(zhēng)論中擊敗某人”應(yīng)說(shuō)beat sb．in…。win作“贏”解時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)通常是war，battle，game，match，argument，medal等，不能是表示人的名詞。
(1) They do their best to medals.
(2) We their team by 10 points.
(3) Jim Tom by a yard and the race.
(4) Do you know who the Nobel Prize for physics in 2002?
22．but／however／while
(1) but是連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列的成分或句子，在意義上構(gòu)成對(duì)比，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)。
(2) however(然而、盡管)作副詞用時(shí)的顯著特點(diǎn)是與逗號(hào)不可分：置于句首，其后用逗號(hào)；置于句中，前后用逗號(hào)；置于句末，其前用逗號(hào)。however還可以用作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“不管怎樣”。
(3) while可以用作連詞，連接并列句，表示對(duì)兩種情況或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的對(duì)比，意思是“可是廣…而”。
(1)like computer games , I have no time to play.
(2) It's raining hard. , I think we should go out.
(3)He said that it was so; he was mistaken,
(4)She listened to me closely he read something.
(5) hard it may be, do it best.
(6)The girls are dancing the boys are singing.
23．hear／hear of／hear from
(1) hear作“聽見、聽說(shuō)、聽到”講時(shí)，指親耳聽到。
(2) hear。{意為“聽到、聽說(shuō)”。強(qiáng)調(diào)從別人那里間接得知。
(3) hear from sb．／a place意為“收到......來(lái)信(來(lái)電)；得到……消息”。也可以用receive／get a letter from或receive／get one’s letter來(lái)表達(dá)此義。
(1)I don't know the writer, but I him.
(2) I her sing in the next room.
(3)I he had gone to Britain.
(4)We haven't him since last Christmas.
(5)I haven't my hometown for months.
24．such as／for example
for example作為插入語(yǔ)可以放在句首、句中或句末，放在句首，其后用逗號(hào)；放在句中，前后用逗號(hào)；放在句末，其前用逗號(hào)。
Such as放在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as之后切不可用逗號(hào)。
(1) Noise, is a kind of pollution.
(2) I know many students of your school, Wang Ling,
(3) He can speak five foreign languages, German and French.
(4) He knows several languages,, he knows English and Japanese.
(5) Boys __ John and James are very friendly.
25．on the air／in the air／in the open air／by air
in the air意為“在空中，：(問題、計(jì)劃)未定"; by air＝by plane；in the open air同out doors，指“在戶外，在露天”；on the air意為“(用無(wú)線電，電視)播送”。
(1) Children should have more sports , which is to great value to their health.
(2) Look. There is a kite flying high
(3) You can pick up the BBC programmers
(4)The film will be shown
(5)Do you travel by train or ?
26．fight for／fight against／fight with
fight for意為“為……而戰(zhàn)；為爭(zhēng)取......而戰(zhàn)”
fight against①接事物名詞，意為“為反對(duì)…而斗爭(zhēng)”。②接人或國(guó)家名詞，意思是“與…”戰(zhàn)斗”。
fight with：①接人或國(guó)家名詞，表示“與......(并肩)戰(zhàn)斗”。②接人或國(guó)家名詞，意思是“與......戰(zhàn)斗”(＝fight against)。
(1) Two dogs fight a hone, and a third runs away with it.
(2)England fought France Germany in the war of 191441918.
(3)They are fighting better working conditions.
(4)They were fighting the enemy to gain their freedom.
(5) They fought the Italians in the last war and against them in this.
27．reply／answer
(1)answer一般用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)；reply一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，其后接to時(shí)，可以接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。
(2)當(dāng)引述直接引語(yǔ)或后接that從句時(shí)，reply和answer可換用。
(3)answer可引申為“應(yīng)答”之類的意義-；reply不可。如：answer the door bell。
(4)作名詞用時(shí)，answer意為“答案、回答、答復(fù)”，后接to。如the answer(＝key)to the question；reply意為“答復(fù)”，后接to。如：the reply(=answer)to a letter。
(1)She failed to to the teacher's question.
(2) my question in English.
(3)We haven't to his letter yet.
(4)No one was able to him a word.
(5)He that he knew nothing about it.
(6) Kate, could you the telephone please?
(7)There is no quick to this question.
28．a(chǎn)lone／lonely
(1)詞性：alone可以作形容詞和副詞；lonely只能作形容詞。
(2)用法：作形容詞時(shí)，alone只能作表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)作賓補(bǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)；lonely可以作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。alone不能用very修飾，而要說(shuō)much alone，或very much alone。
(3)詞義：作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，alone的意思是“獨(dú)自一人”，指的是客觀情況；lonely的意思是“寂寞”，指的是主觀感覺。(4)固定結(jié)構(gòu)：leave／let sb．／sth．a(chǎn)lone聽任；別打擾；let alone更不用說(shuō)。
(1)He feels though he has two brothers.
(2)The old man lives in a house in the forest
(3)When he woke up, he found himself in the room.
(4)Though he is at home, he doesn't feel ，for he has many things to do.
(5)The baby can't walk, let run.
(6) Leave the machine . It's dangerous.
29．except／but／besides／except for／but for
(1) 在否定句中，except與besides可換用。
(2) 在肯定句中，except的意思是“除……之外(其余的并不如此)”，因此，except sth．表示“把sth．排除在外”，屬否定性質(zhì)。besides的意思是“除……之外還有(其余的也如此)”，因此，besides sth．表示“把sth．添加在內(nèi)”，屬肯定性質(zhì)。
(3) except和but后都可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。except還可接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以及when，where，that引導(dǎo)的句子。
(4) except for一般指整體中存在的不足，但整體是完美的，意為“除了……之外”或“只是……”。
(5) but for等于if it were not for…；if it hadn’t been for．表示“若不是，要不是”的意思，所在的句子常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
(1)I don't care for anything this.
(2) He answered all the questions the last one.
(3)We all went our teacher. We had a good time with our teacher.
(4) We all went our teacher. He had to attend an important meeting at school.
(5)I know nothing about him that he is from the south.
(6)I won't believe you when the sun rises in the west.
(7)Your composition is good some spelling mistakes.
(8) your help, we wouldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
(9)He did nothing all day play computer games.
(10)We had no choice to obey his order.
30．a(chǎn) bit／a little
(1) 在肯定句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)時(shí)，可以互換。
(2) 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它們修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a little直接跟名詞，a bit要加。of，才能接名詞。
(3) 在否定句中意思恰恰相反，not a bit相當(dāng)于not at all(一點(diǎn)也不)；not a little相當(dāng)于very(much)(非常)。
(1) In fact, this is bigger than that one because he didn't know the answer.
(2)We can go on with it or have a rest because I'm only tired.
(3)I am tired, so we needn't have a rest.
(4)I am tired, and we must have a rest.
(5)There is only food left for lunch.
(6)There is only of food left for lunch.
31．a(chǎn)t the end(of)／in the end／by the end of
at the end(of)既可以指時(shí)間，也可以指地點(diǎn)。指時(shí)間時(shí)，意為“在……末”。
in the end意為“最后，終于”；與finally，at last同義。
by the end of意為“不遲于”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“最后時(shí)限”，多同完成時(shí)連用。
(1) the road there used to be a hospital
(2) last month, they had finished 70 percent of the project
(3) this month he will go to America.
(4) They had a football match with Class 4 yesterday and they won.
32．catch(take)fire／be on fire／put out fire／be out／set sth．on fire
(1) catch／take fire意為“著火”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)為燃燒物。
(2) be on fire意為“著火；在燃燒”，表示狀態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為燃燒物。
(3) put out fire意為“撲滅火”，表示動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，主語(yǔ)為滅火的人。
(4) be out意為“火滅”，表示狀態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為fire。
(5) set sth．on fire＝set fire to sth．意為“放火燒......”，主語(yǔ)為放火的人。
Yesterday evening a shop near our school for some reason. When the firefighters arrived, it for about twenty minutes. They tried their best to . And at last the fire _________.The police thought someone _______the shop and now they are trying to find out who it
33．a(chǎn)live／live／living
這三個(gè)詞都有“活著的”意思。alive多用于指人或物，用作表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；live只可指物，僅用作定語(yǔ)；living可指人，也可指物，在句中作表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)或前置定語(yǔ)。
(1)Who is the greatest man ?
(2) Scientists are keeping a sick milk deer at the center.
(3)She bought a fish.
(4)The people are more important than the dead.
(5)There are some animals on the island.
(6)When we found him ten days later, he was still
34．sick／ill
(1) sick可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)含有“惡心的”“要嘔吐的”之意；the sick指一類人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；
sick可以構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞，如：airsick(暈飛機(jī))；seasick(暈船)；car-sick(暈車)；sick還可以構(gòu)成固定詞組，如：be sick for(渴望的)；be sick of(對(duì)……厭倦)。
(2) ill作“生病”講時(shí)，只作表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)；作“壞的”“惡心的”講時(shí)，只能作定語(yǔ)，不能作表語(yǔ)。speak ill of sb．說(shuō)某人的壞話；ill luck!＝bad luck!意思是“倒霉!"
(1) He spends a lot of money on treating his father.
(2)Don't make friends with a person with a (n) name.
(3) The are taken good care of in this hospital.
(4)Don't speak of him.
(5) She sings badly. When I hear her sing, I feel
(6)The girl is in bed with a cold, and she is for home.
(7) He is always complaining. We are of listening his complaint.
35．steal／rob
(1) steal通常指小偷之“偷、竊”，常用于句型“steal sth．from sb．／sp．”，其賓語(yǔ)通常是物。steal還有“偷偷地走，偷偷溜進(jìn)”的意思。
(2) rob通常指劫匪或強(qiáng)盜之“搶劫”，其賓語(yǔ)通常是人或處所，所劫之物用“of+物”來(lái)表達(dá)，常用于句型“rob sb．／sp．of sth．”。
(1) They broke into the room and his case.
(2) He a new bike from the school.
(3) He the girl of her new bike.
(4) He into the room, a purse on the table and then out of the room.
(5) They the bank of a big sum of money.
36．a(chǎn)ccept／receive
accept表示主觀意愿，有“接受、同意、認(rèn)可、滿意”之意。
receive表示客觀上“接到、收到”，與主觀意愿無(wú)關(guān)。receive還有“受到、得到；接見、接待”之意。
(1) He told the headmaster that he had an invitation to the meeting and asked her whether he could it.
(2)Our suggestions were at the meeting.
(3) I my parents' letter last Friday.
(4)Where did you your doctor's degree?
(5)We were warmly at the factory gate.
(6) Did they what you told them?
(7)She applied to join the Party and was
37．job／work
(1) job是可數(shù)名詞，側(cè)重職業(yè)。表示某個(gè)人“失業(yè)”，應(yīng)說(shuō)out of a job；表示多個(gè)人失業(yè)可以說(shuō)out of a job,也可以說(shuō)out of job(s)。
(2) work作“工作”解時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。它可以構(gòu)成很多固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如：go to work(去上班)；be at work(在工作中；在班上)；after work(下班后)；out of work(失業(yè))。work作“著作、作品”解時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞；表示“工廠；工事；機(jī)件”時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(1)I'm going to the hospital to see one of my friends after __
(2)She lied to us because she had to in order to get a __
(3)If anyone at __ discover the secret, I shall lose my __
(4)New __are needed because a number of people are out of
(5) The iron __is outside the city.
(6)Something is wrong with the __of my watch.
(7)Have you read the __of Shakespeare?
38． call on／call at／drop in on／drop in at
drop in on／at的意思是“順便拜訪某人或某地”，含有“事先沒安排，偶然性拜訪”之意。
call on和drop in on后接表人的名詞；call at和drop in at后接地點(diǎn)名詞。例如：
(1) Yesterday I called at his house but he was out．Tomorrow I’11 go to call on him again．
(2) When l went to Beijing to attend a meeting，I dropped in on him.
(3) His father often drops in at his office when he is free．
(4) This morning we called at the hospital to see if he was better．
填空
(1) He was called from his holiday to deal with the problem.
(2) When they came to visit our school, they called teacher’s house.
(3) Could I call Mr. Cheng ? He has been waiting outside for half an hour.
(4) Call me tomorrow. My telephone number 5362891.
(5) He is ill in hospital. I' II call him tomorrow morning.
(6)The chairman called me to talk about the on the meeting.
39．lie / lay
(1 )lie(lay，lain，lying)．躺、臥；位于
(2) lie(lied，lied，lying)說(shuō)謊
(3) lay(laid，laid，laying)放、置；下蛋、產(chǎn)卵
(1) On the ground __ a wounded soldier.
(2) He __a desk in the corner of the room.
(3) This hen __an egg every day.
(4)The cat is __on the carpet.
(5)Don't believe him. He often __and this time he __again.
40．include／included／including
include是及物動(dòng)詞，可以用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；including要放在被包括的名詞或代詞之前；included要放在被包括的名詞或代詞之后。
(1)Their names are __in the list.
(2)There are a lot of names in the list, __ his name.
(3)There are a lot of names in the list, his name __
(4) We no longer __ him among our friends.
(5)There are 40 students in our class, __four students from America.
41．before long／long before
(1) before long意思是“不久以后”，相當(dāng)于soon，可與一般過去時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用。
(2) long before的意思是“很久以前”或“在……之前很久”。long before可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以在before后接名詞或從句。
(3) 句型：It will be long before…還要很久才......；
It won' t be long before...不要多久就……；很快就……
(1)A new school will be built here
(2)Mr. Smith stayed in Beijing for a year. he came to Shandong.
(3)He said he had been there
(4)I knew your husband I knew you.
(5)It won't be we get there.
42．fast／quick／rapid
(1) fast多指運(yùn)動(dòng)或動(dòng)作的人或物體本身具有快速的特點(diǎn)。如：a fast train。
(2) quick一般指迅速的、一瞬間的或短暫的動(dòng)作，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)速度，如：a quick look(reply，meal)。
(3) 催促人走路或做事要快，用quick,不用fast。如：Be quick!
(4) 指鐘表的快要用fast，不用quick。(5) 指人的動(dòng)作“快”要用fast。
(6) rapid側(cè)重動(dòng)作本身，有急促的含義，它所指的動(dòng)作可能是一個(gè)或一連串的。rapid還可用來(lái)指水流急速。
(1)It may be a very car, but it uses a lot of petrol.
(2)Tom made a answer to the question.
(3)You're very , aren’t you?
(4)The clock is five minutes
(5)The improvement in his English is
43．especially／specially
(1) especially的意思是“特別地、尤其地、不尋常地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，表示遞進(jìn)。
(2) specially的意思是“特意的、專門地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)為了某一目的。
(1)John has come to see you.
(2)I made this chocolate cake for you.
(3)I have been busy these days.
(4)I like the countryside, in spring.
(5)Noise is unpleasant, when you're trying to sleep.
44．to the north of／in the north of／on the north of
to the north of的意思是“在……的北面”，表示不屬于同一范圍。In the north of的意思是“在……北面”，表示在同一范圍內(nèi)。
on the north of的意思是“在……北面”，表示兩地毗鄰或接壤。
(1)Japan is (lies) _______________ Asia.
(2)Japan is (lies) ______________ China.
(3)North Korean is (lies) ___________________ China.
45．feel like／would like
(1) feel like中的like是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。該結(jié)構(gòu)用來(lái)提出意愿或希望，意思是“想要(做某事)；愿意”。
(2) would like中的like是動(dòng)詞，后接名詞、不定式或帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
(1) I not to go for a walk with you. I staying at home reading this novel.
(2) I you to help my brother with his English.
(3) Do you having something to eat?
(4) -- you to join us in the travel? --Yes, I to.
46．year after year／year by year
year after year意為“年年，每年”，表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)；
year by year意為“一年一年地”，表示逐年的轉(zhuǎn)變過程。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：month after month；month by month；day after day, day by day
(1)Farmers work in the fields
(2)He is growing taller and taller
(3)We send cards each other
(4)Since 1980 great changes have taken place
47．What’s…like? ／What’s...?／How do you like...?／How is(are)...?
(1) What’s…like? 用來(lái)詢問人或事物的特征，即人的外貌、品德或天氣狀況。
(2) What’s…? 用來(lái)詢問人的職業(yè)。
(3) How do you like...? 等于What do you think of...?用來(lái)詢問對(duì)某事的看法，即見解和觀點(diǎn)。
(4) How is (are)…? 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，用來(lái)詢問某人的健康狀況；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，用來(lái)詢問變化著的事情暫時(shí)情況。例如：
① 一What’s your father?--He is a doctor．
② 一What’s your father like? He is kind, but strict.
③ ---How does your father like the book? --- He read it twice.
④ How is your father? --- He is very well, thank you.
⑤ --- How are the things of the project? ---Everything goes very well.
48．very / just
兩個(gè)詞都可以用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，very表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，是形容詞，應(yīng)放在the，this，that，my等物主代詞后，意為“正是、就是、甚至、僅僅”。just表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，是副詞，用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。just強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在the，this，that，my等物主代詞前。例如：he was just here that the accident happened．He was the very person they wanted．But Dr Lively was going to talk on that very subject today．This is just the book I want to buy．
49．farther／further
表示時(shí)間、空間和距離時(shí)兩者可換用；表示“進(jìn)一步、進(jìn)一層、更多”時(shí)，只能用further。
(1)I could walk no
(2)This problem will be discussed tomorrow.
(3)No explanation is needed.
(4) It means every athlete should try to run faster, jump higher, and throw ,
50．Persuade sb．to do／advise sb．to do
persuade sb．to do sth．＝persuade sb．into doing sth．意思是“說(shuō)服(勸說(shuō))某人干了某事”，
advise sb．to do sth．＝try to，
persuade sb．to do sth．意思為“試著說(shuō)服某人干某事”，但不一定成功。
(1) She finally her husband to give up smoking.
(2)I tried to him to change his mind, but he wasn't willing to do so.
(3)The doctor me to have a holiday, but I am too busy.
(4)Though she had different ideas about the proposal, we her to accept it.
51. as a result / as a result of / with the result
(1) He made one big mistake, and , lost his job.
(2) the flood, thousands of people lost their homes.
(3) The farm was flooded, that most of the harvest was lost.
52. in a way / in the way / by the way
(1) I left them alone, as I felt I was
(2) , you are right, but I still have doubts.
(3) Oh, , do you have my new address?
53. all / any / none/both / either / neither
(1) They were tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.
(2)I don't know which of the two books is good. I'll read_______
(3) of us has seen the film, so everyone wants to see it.
(4)1 think of the three books is useful to your study. You can buy them all.
(5)-------Do you want this one or that one? --- I really don't mind .
(6) ---Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? ---I'm afraid day is possible.
54. up/in/out/back/down/about/
(1) His carelessness brought the accident.
(2)The story brought my unhappy childhood.
(3)The wind brought a number of trees.
(4)Can you try to get them to bring the price?
(5) They started to use English, but they also brought some words from their own languages.
(6) This will bring them several thousand yuan.
(7)Next month they will bring a new edition of this dictionary.
(8) He was seriously ill. He brought most of what he had taken.
(9)He was brought by his stepmother in the south.
55. by/in/on
(1) We can' t travel through the forest road (land) because there aren't any roads.
(2)From Europe people can go to America sea (water) or air (plane).
(3)I am going the express train to Beijing.
(4)The astronauts got to the moon a spaceship.
(5)He often goes to work his bike. But something is wrong with the bike, so he has to go to work
bus or __ foot today.
(6)I'11 go to Beijing the 10:30 train.
56.句型轉(zhuǎn)換,將下列復(fù)合句變成簡(jiǎn)單句
(1) They started early so that they could get
(2) She came into the bedroom quietly in order that she might not wake up her baby
(3) He stood up so that he could see better
(4) I stopped in order that he could speak to
(5) You ought to write to your mother worry about you.
57. down/at/into/out / off
(1) You should knock the door before entering.
(2) He was knocked by a car when crossing.
(3) The child ran in the street and knocked a woman her bike.
(4)The running boy knocked his teacher.
(5)The sudden blow knocked of his mouth.
58. after/ up/ off/ back/ on/ down/ away/ of
(1)Take the dog . I don't like it. You can take care it yourself;
(2) You should take what he' 11 say, carefully not to miss a word.
(3)After he got on the plane, he took his coat and a moment later the plane took
(4)I must take a few days , for I have to take care my mother.
(5)You should take what you said or you will be punished.
(6)The city has taken a new look since 1980.
(7)I mustn't take your time in office hours.
(8)He took the study of English at the age of five.
(9)The girl is beautiful. She takes her mother.
59. to/with/on
(1)I'm sorry we can't agree __ the price.
(2)I don't agree __ your decision.
(3)What he does doesn't agree __ what he says.
(4) He didn't agree __ this arrangement.
(5)They agreed ~ come on Sunday.
60. beat/hit/strike
(1)They put a piece of wet paper on top of the characters and __it lightly.
(2) The stone __him on the head.
(3)When we heard our team __the Japanese team we the __drums gladly.
(4) __while the iron is hot.
(5)When I got home, the clock was __seven.
61. so/such
(1)The book is interesting that I want to read it again
(2)It was a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
(3)It was cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
(4) There are many mistakes in your composition that I can't understand it;
(5)He has made rapid progress that he got the first in the exam.
(6) There was much water in the river that we couldn't swim across it.
62. up/back/on/from/with/out
(1)You are keeping something from us. What is it?
(2)The heavy rain kept us holding the sports meet.
(3)He kept till the work was finished.
(4) Would you please close the door to keep the noise
(5)If the rain keeps , all the crops will be ruined.
(6)At first he couldn't keep up the class.
63. accept/receive
(1) I his letter yesterday.
(2)He didn't my suggestion.
(3)We shall you as a friend.
(4) I have an invitation to the ball, but I can' t it because I don't know whether I'll be able to attend it.
(5) She a good education.
64. attend/join/take part in
(1)Dr Baker decided to the meeting though he was still a bit surprised.
(2)Did your son school yesterday?
(3) He the army when he was only sixteen and the Party a year later.
(4) He the last Olympic Games and won a gold medal.
(5)Her mother is ill. She has to stay at home to her.
65. for/with
(1) They provided us all the books we need.
(2)The school provided food the students.
(3)We are provided everything we need for work.
(4)Can you provide me a room for the night?
66. manage/try
(1) We were pleased that they to get what we wanted.
(2)He to pass the exam but he had no luck.
(3) You'd better doing the experiment in another way.
(4)The box was heavy but he to lift it.
(5)If I am to get away, can you the factory?
(6) I can not another cake.
三．典型例題
[例1] （2002上海）---You forgot your purse when you went out. ---Good heavens, .
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
[例2] （2002上海）Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
[例3] （2003春季）---How long at this job? ---Since 1990
A．were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
[例4] （2002 NMET）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will
always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what
one是moment的同位語(yǔ)，I will always treasure 是修飾one的定語(yǔ)從句，其前省略了關(guān)系代詞that。
the one, one, it, that是經(jīng)常考查的代詞，簡(jiǎn)述如下：
（1）the one用來(lái)代替代同類事物中特指的另一個(gè)。
（2）one用來(lái)替換上下文提到的同類名詞，表泛指，相當(dāng)于“a（n）+名詞”。復(fù)數(shù)用ones。
（3）it 指上文提到的同一事物。
（4）that用來(lái)替換上文出現(xiàn)的帶定冠詞的名詞。復(fù)數(shù)用those。例如：
The finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup.
I need a bike. Lend me one.
I want to use your bike. Lend it to me.
The study of idiom is as important as that of grammar.
---Do you have a camera?---No, but Tom has one. He bought it a week ago.
[例5] （2002上海）Can you make a sentence to the meaning of the phrase?
A. show off B. turn out C. bring out D. take in
[例6] （2002 NMET）---I’ m taking my driving test tomorrow. --- !
A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations
[例7] （2002上海）He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
(1)“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，如：I’ll go to see you when you come back.
(2) 剛（一）……就……,如：I had hardly left home when it began to rain.
(3) “如果（同if）”，如：Call me at once when anything goes wrong with the machine.
(4) “可是，雖然”，如：She usually walks when she might ride.
(5) 既然（同since），如：Why did you write in pencil when you know you should write in ink.
(6) “在那時(shí)，正……，突然……”，如：I was just leaving when he came. 而since和while沒有此種用法，所以本題正確答案為D
[例8] （2001 NMET）Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because the technology so
rapidly. A. is changing B. has change C. will have changed D. will changed
[例9] （2003春季）---What happened to the priceless works of art? ---
A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them
C. they destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them
[例10] （2002春季）---How are the team playing?
---They’re playing well, but one of them _______hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
靈活運(yùn)用答案：
1. (1) Although/Though (2) though/although (3) though (4) though (5) though (6) though
2. (1) much too (2) too much (3) too much (4) much too (5) too much
3. (1) holiday (2) holidays/vacation(s) (3) holiday/vacation (4) off (5) leave
4. (1) as a result (2) As a result of (3) with the result
5. (1) in the way (2) In a way (3) by the way
6. (1) allows (2) permit (3) allow (4) allowed, permitted
7. (1) all (2) both/neither (3) None (4) any (5) Either (6) neither
8. They started early in order to/so as to/to get there on time.
9. She came into the bedroom quietly in order not to / so as not to wake up her baby.
10. She stood up in order to/so as to/to see better.
11. I stopped for him to speak to me.
12. You ought to write to your mother early for her not to worry about you.
13. (1) No one (2) None (3) no one (4) None (5) None (6) No one (7) None
14. (1) at (2) down (3) off (4) into (5) out
15. (1) pulled on (2) wearing/in (3) putting on (4) dressed (5) dressed, dressed, dresses
(6) has on (7) had on/wore (8)wear/be dressed in/be in (9)in (10)with
16. (1) agree with (2) agreed on (3) agree with (4) agree with (5)agreed to (6)agree to (7)agreed on
17. (1) took(took, took, spent) (2) spends (3) cost (4)costs (5)cost (6)pay (7)pay
18. (1) the number of (2) The number of (3) a number of (4) The number of (5) A number of (6) The number of
19. (1) sound (2) voice (3) voice (4) noise (5) noise (6) Sound (7) voice
20. (1) As many as (2) as much as (3) as much as (4) as much as
21. (1) preparing (2) prepare for (3) are ready (4) prepare for (5) get/be ready (6) preparing (7) preparing for (8) prepare
22. (1) discovered; invented (2) found (3) discovered (4) invented
23. (1) end (2) finish (3) ended (4) finished (5) complete (6) complete
24. (1) go down (2) bring up (3) bring down (4) going up (5) go down
25. (1) at all times, at times (2) at one time (3) at a time (4) at the same time (5)at no time (6)for a time
26. (1) away, of (2) down (3)off, off (4)off, of(5) back (6) on (7) up (8) up (9) after
27. (1)for (2)with (3)with (4)for (5)into (6)into ((7)for (8)into
28. (1) win (2) beat (3) beat, won (4) won
29. (1) but (2) however (3) however (4) while (5) However (6) while
30. ( 1 ) heard of ( 2 ) heard ( 3 ) heard ( 4 ) heard from(5)heard from
31. (1) for example (2) for example (3) such as (4) for example (5) such as
32. (1) in the open air (2) in the air (3) on the air (4) in the open air (5)by air
33. (1) for (2) with against/with (3) for (4) again (5) with
34. (1) reply (2) answer (3) replied (4) answer (5) answered/replied (6) answer (7) answer
35. ( 1 ) lonely ( 2 ) lonely, alone ( 3 ) alone ( 4 ) alone lonely (5)alone (6)alone
36. (1) except (besides) (2) except (3) besides (4) except (5)except (6)except (7)except for (8)But for (9)except(but) (10)except(but)
37. (1) a little (a bit) (2) a bit (a little) (3) not a bit (4)not a little (5)a little (6)a bit
38. (1) At the end of (2) By the end of (3) At the end of (4) in the end
39. caught/took fire, had been on fire, put out the fire, was out/was put out, set…on fire, set fire to
40. (1) alive (2) alive (3) live (4) living (5) live (6) alive/living
41. (1) sick (2) ill (3) sick (4) ill (5) sick (6) ill /sick; sick (7) sick
42. (1) stole (2) stole (3) robbed (4) stole, stole, stole (5) robbed
43. (1) received, accept (2) accepted (3) received (4) receive (5) received (6) accept (7) accepted
44. (1) back (2) at (3) in (4) up/back (5) on (6) on
45. (1) work (2) job (3) work, job (4) jobs, work/job(s) (5) works (6) works (7) works
46. (1) lay (2) laid (3) lays (4) lying (5) lies, lied
47.(1)on (2)with (3)with (4)to (5)to
48. (1) included (2) including (3) included (4) include (5) including
49. (1) beat (2) hit (3) beat, beat (4) Strike (5) striking
50. (1)before long (2)Before long (3)long before (4)long before (5)long before
51. (1) fast (2) quick (3) fast (4) fast (5) rapid
52. (1) so (2) such (3) so (4) so (5) such (6) so
53. ( 1 ) specially ( 2 ) specially ( 3 ) especially ( 4 ) especially ( 5 ) especially
54. (1) in the east of (2) to the east of (3) on the east of
55. (1) would, like, feel like (2) would like (3) feel like (4) Would like; would like
56. (1) year after year (2) year by year (3) year after year (4) year by year
57. (1) back (2) from (3) on (4) out (5) up (6) with
58. (1) received (2) accept (3) accept (4) received, accept (5) received
59. (1) attend (2) attend (3) joined, joined (4) took part in (5) attend
60. (1) farther/further (2) further (3) further (4) farther/further
61. (1) persuaded (2) persuade (3) advised (4) persuade
62. (1) with (2) for (3) with (4) with
63. ( 1 ) managed ( 2 ) tried ( 3 ) try ( 4 ) managed ( 5 ) manage ( 6 ) manage