Warming up

What kind of entertainment did they have?

他們有什么樣的娛樂（活動）？

點撥：entertainment作為名詞，有以下含義:

1.表示“娛樂，游藝，技術表演”。

e.g.Jenny is interested in the news of entertainment.

詹妮對娛樂新聞感興趣。

2.表示“招待，款待”。

e.g.1.This hotel is famous for its entertainment.

這家旅館因為殷勤待客而出名。

e.g.2.He gives numerous entertainments to his friends.

他常常宴請很多客人。

entertainment tax娛樂稅

entertainment的動詞形式是entertain，它作為及物動詞，表示以下含義：

1.使娛樂，助興

e.g.We were all entertained by his tricks.

大家對他的把戲都很感興趣。

2.款待，招待

e.g.He plans to entertain his friends to dinner.

他計劃設晚宴招待他的朋友們。

3.心存，考慮

e.g.1.to entertain an idea/to entertain a hope

懷有一個主意/懷有一個希望

e.g.2.I refused to entertain such a foolish idea.

我拒絕考慮這樣愚蠢的主意。

entertain作為不及物動詞，表示的意思是“招待客人”。

e.g.She loves to talk,dance and entertain.

她喜歡說話，跳舞和招待客人。

entertainer作名詞，含義是“招待人，款待人；表演娛樂的人”。

entertaining 是形容詞，意思是“娛樂的，有趣的”。

e.g.We spent an entertaining evening at the theatre.

我們在這家劇院度過了一個有趣的夜晚。

entertainingly 是副詞。

Where were they unearthed and where can you go and see them?

它們是在哪兒出土的以及你在哪兒可以參觀到這些出土文物？

點撥：unearth 作為動詞的含義主要有以下幾種:

1.表示“發(fā)掘”的意思。

e.g.They unearthed a buried city.

他們發(fā)掘了一座埋在地下的城市。

2.表示“破獲”的含義

to unearth a plot

揭穿一個陰謀

3.還可以表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”等含義。

e.g.The historian has unearthed some new facts about Napoleon’s life.

那位歷史學家已經發(fā)現(xiàn)了有關拿破侖一生的新的事實。

unearth 由un-加上名詞 earth構成，類似的詞語主要有以下幾個。

unhand 意思是“放手，松手”。

e.g.Please unhand me!

別拉著我。

unglove 的含義是“脫下的手套”。

e.g.Her hand,when ungloved,glitters with heavy rings.

她脫下手套的時候，許多戒指在她手上閃爍。

unhair 的意思是“拔掉頭發(fā)”。

unmask 的意思是“揭除面具或者偽裝”。

unglue 的意思是“取掉（粘著之物），剝”。

e.g.1.to unglue a stamp from an envelope by steaming

借著蒸氣來取掉信封上的郵票

e.g.2.to unglue the children from a TV set

使孩子們離開電視機

Speaking

Student A talks about a topic he or she is interested in,while Student B gives suggestions.

學生A談論他(或她)感興趣的話題,學生B給出建議。

點撥：suggest作為動詞，其意思主要是“建議，提出（建議）”和“表明，說明，暗示”等。

當它表示“建議，提出（建議）”含義的時候，主要有以下的用法：

1.后面跟名詞或者是代詞

e.g.1.I suggested one or two books which they might read.

我提出一兩本他們可以看的書。

e.g.2.I will come any time you suggest.

你說什么時候來，我就什么時候來。

2.后面跟從句，在從句中的謂語動詞用原形，也可以由should加動詞原形構成。

e.g.1.They suggested we visit a class right away.

他們建議我們馬上去聽課。

e.g.2.He suggested that we (should) come another day.

他建議我們改天再來。

e.g.3.It is suggested that we put on a short play.

有人建議我們在晚會上演出一個短劇。

3.后面跟動名詞

e.g.1.I should suggest putting the meeting off.

我建議會議延期。

e.g.2.We have much to do.I don’t suggest going away.

我們有這么多的事情要做，我建議別走了。

e.g.3.I have written him a letter and suggested his sending it to the Ministry of Culture.

我給他寫了一封信，建議他把它寄給文化部。

4.當它表達“說明，表明”和“暗示”等含義的時候，常常與從句連用。

e.g.1.Her expression suggested that she was angry.

她的表情表明她正在生氣。

e.g.2.The work had been only on a small scale but it suggested a solution.

這項工程只是小規(guī)模進行，但是表明了一個解決的方法。

考考你：

I think it’s better for her to follow her suggestion that he to see the doctor as soon as possible.

A.went B.go C.goes D.going

答案：B

What I’d really like to find out is whether people would sometimes want to go on a holiday,as we do. That sort of thing.

我真正想發(fā)現(xiàn)的是人們是否有時候會和我們一樣想去度假那一類事情。

點撥：表語從句放在連系動詞的后面，充當復合句的表語，一般的結構是:主語+連系動詞+表語從句。可以連接表語從句的連系動詞有:be,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,feel,remain等。引導表語從句的詞主要有that,whether,連接代詞和連接副詞。另外，還有常用的“as if”和“as though”等結構。

e.g.1.It seems that (as if) it is going to rain.

看來要下雨了。

e.g.2.The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.

問題是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)人的支持。

e.g.3.This is how Jane lives.

珍妮就是這樣生活的。

e.g.4.That is why Jack got scolded.

這就是杰克受訓斥的原因。

e.g.5.The reason why (that) he was dismissed is that he was careless and irresponsible.

他被開除的原因是工作馬虎，不負責任。

e.g.6.The reason he did not come is that he was ill.

他沒來的原因是他病了。

考考你:

1.Is this museum they visited last week?

2.Is this the museum they visited last week?

3.Is this farm you used to work?

A.where B.that C.in which D.the one

答案:1.D 2.B 3.A

句1,句2是定語從句。句1中的the one是先行詞，后面省略了關系代詞that；句2中的關系代詞that在定語從句中作visited的賓語，此句還可以用which或者是省略關系代詞。句3中的where引導的是一個表語從句。

點撥：as在這里是連詞，引導一個方式狀語從句。 請看以下由as 引導的方式狀語從句的例子：

e.g.1.You’d better do as I did.

你最好按照我做的去做。

e.g.2.As what she said before,it was really difficult to persuade him to go with us.

正如她過去所說的，說服他和我們一塊走是一件很困難的事情。

作為連詞，as還可以引導時間狀語從句。

e.g.1.Twelve days later,millions more Indians lined the railway tracks as a slow train took the jar containing his ashes 584 kilometers to a place by the river.

十二天后，當一列慢車將盛有甘地骨灰的壇子駛向584千米外，靠近恒河的一個地方時，又有數(shù)百萬人排列在鐵路兩旁，夾道送行。

e.g.2.Three million people watched as the ashes of this great man were gently poured into the brown waters of the river that would carry them to the ocean.

還有300萬人守望著這位偉人的骨灰緩緩撒入褐色的恒河，河水把他的骨灰送向大海。

辨析:as,when 和while

這三個連詞都可以連接時間狀語從句，但有差別:如果主句和從句的時間相同，以選用as較宜，表示隨著……；而when只有一般時間意義，還可以表示at that time的含義；while是個連詞，它所表達的時間通常是指整個一段時間或過程，相當于during which time的用法。從句中常常使用進行時，還可以表示主從句的對比。

e.g.1.They came up stair as we went down.他們上樓，我們下樓。

e.g.2.As one grows older，one becomes more experienced.

人長大了，經驗就更豐富了。

e.g.3.When one man is in difficulty，the thousands come to his aid.

一人有難眾人幫。

e.g.4.The weather was fine while we were in Shanghai.

我們在上海的日子里，天氣晴朗。

e.g.5.We were watching TV while they were playing chess.

我們在看電視，而他們在下棋。

作為連詞，as還可以引導比較狀語從句,表示以下含義。

1.表示“（用于比較）與……一樣”的意思。

e.g.1.She works in the same building as my sister.

她和我的妹妹在同一棟大樓上班。

e.g.2.This is the same as it was before.這個與以前一樣。

2.表示“諸如”的意思。

e.g.such animals as cats and dogs 諸如貓、狗之類的動物

作為連詞，as還可以引導原因狀語從句。

e.g.As the weather is fine,let’s go fishing.

既然天氣變得好起來了，咱們去釣魚吧。

辨析:because,since,as 和for

because，since，as引導原因狀語從句:

because 引導的從句表示直接的、根本的原因，用來回答why 提出的問題，為全句重心所在。since引導的從句表示顯然的或已知的理由、原因，相當于漢語的“既然”。主句是全句意思的重心，從句次之。as 引導原因狀語從句，與since沒多大區(qū)別。它們引導的原因狀語從句，其原因已很明顯，不必加以強調。由as表示的原因，語氣最弱，往往譯成漢語的“由于”。

for 是個并列連詞，引導并列句，是對前句內容的補充說明。

as還可以用作關系代詞，其含義是“正如”請看以下例子。

e.g.As you know，we have the right to vote.正如你知道的，我們有權選舉。

辨析:as和which

首先，這兩個詞意義不同。前者表示正如，后者沒有意義，只起連接作用。

其次，前者構成的從句既可以前置又可以后置，而由后者構成的從句則只能后置，不能前置。

再次，當從句中有the same,such,so 時，只能用as。

比較:It is no use arguing with them,as we all see.和他們爭論是沒有用的，正如我們所看到的。（既可后置）

As we all see，it is no use arguing with them.（又可前置）正如我們都看到的,和他們爭論是沒有用的。

It is no use arguing with them,which we all see.

我們都看到了，和他們爭論是沒有用的。（只能后置）

as還可以用作介詞，其含義是“作為”。指處于某種狀態(tài)、性質、情況、工作等之中。請看以下例子。

e.g.1.He works as a driver.他以開汽車為業(yè)。

e.g.2.The kitten uses that box as a bed.小貓把那盒子當作床。

辨析:as和like

當作介詞的時候，as只用于以下情況：

1.用作“作為”講的時候。

2.用來舉例，比如用來代替for example的時候；

3.用來引導某些動詞，如:look upon，regard，consider，treat，think of等的賓語的補語的時候。

e.g.1.As a writer，he has no equal.作為一個作家，他是首屈一指的。

e.g.2.Languages（such）as English，German，Dutch belong to the same family.

像英語、德語、荷蘭語等語言都屬于同一個語系。

e.g.3.The teacher considered your son as being too small.

老師認為你的兒子太小了。

比較:The prisoner was hanged like a murderer.這個囚徒像殺人犯那樣被處以絞刑（=…as if he were a murderer）。

e.g.4.The prisoner was hanged as a murderer.這個犯人作為殺人犯被處以絞刑。（這個犯人就是殺人犯）

考考你：

1.I didn’t feel just you.

A.as B.like C.such D.so

2. a teacher,I have to set a good example for my students.

A.Like B.Be C.As D.Have

3.It must have rained yesterday the ground is wet.

A.as B.since C.because D.for

答案：1.A 2.C 3.D

Reading

He was buried on his left side with his face to the north.

被埋葬時，他側身向左，臉朝北。

點撥：with his face to the north是一個with的復合結構，它由with+名詞 his face+介詞短語to the north 構成。with的復合結構的構成是with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞（或者是過去分詞、介詞短語、形容詞以及副詞等）。其中，現(xiàn)在分詞（或者是過去分詞、介詞短語、形容詞以及副詞等）與名詞有密切的關系，表示動作或者是情況，是賓語的補足語。這種復合結構在句子中作定語或者是狀語。當它作狀語的時候，可以表示伴隨情況或者是原因。

with的復合結構作定語:

e.g.1.My aunt lives in the room with the window facing south.

我姑媽住在那間窗戶朝南開的房間。

e.g.2.The woman with a baby in her arms is his sister.

懷里抱著嬰兒的那位婦女是他的姐姐。

e.g.3.A little boy with two of his teeth missing ran into the house.

一個缺兩顆門牙的小男孩跑進屋里。

e.g.4.I live in the house with the lights on.

我住在那座亮著燈的房子里。

with的復合結構作狀語:

e.g.1.The thief was brought to the front with his hands tied.

那個小偷手被綁在后面，被帶到前面。

e.g.2.With their homework finished,the children ran out for a swim.

作業(yè)做完后，孩子們跑出去游泳了。

e.g.3.You should read with the radio off.

你看書的時候，應該把收音機關掉。

考考你：

I like to do some reading in my little study .

A.with the window close B.with the window closed

C.have the window close D.have the window closed

答案：B

From tests on his teeth,it is certain that he spent his childhood in central Europe,perhaps Germany.

根據(jù)對其牙齒的測試,很肯定的是他的少兒時期是在中歐度過的,很可能是德國。

點撥：本句中出現(xiàn)了一個含有it的主語從句。在含有it的主語從句中，it是形式主語，that后面的從句是真正的主語。其結構為:It+is+形容詞/過去分詞+that從句。that不能夠省略。

e.g.1.It’s said that he had been dismissed.據(jù)說他已經被解雇了。

e.g.2.It’s believed that they can finish the task ahead of time.

人們相信他們能夠提前完成這項任務。

e.g.3.It is clear/obvious that he doesn’t like to be laughed at.

很明顯他不喜歡被別人嘲笑。

比較：

1. is well known to us all,the earth goes around the sun.

2. is well known to us all that the earth goes around the sun.

A.That B.As C.It D.Which

答案:1.B 2.C

句1是由as引導的非限制性定語從句，代替后面的整個句子。

句2是it引導的主語從句。it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。

Some of the objects found in the grave give us an idea of how he was dressed when he was buried.

墓穴里發(fā)現(xiàn)的部分物品讓我們對于他當時的穿著有了一個了解。

點撥：.dress作為及物動詞，后面只能夠接人或者是反身代詞，而不能接物或者是衣服作為賓語。

e.g.1.Today when I got home,I was excited to find that my little nephew could dress himself.

今天當我回到家的時候，我驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)小外甥自己能夠穿衣服了。

e.g.2.To be a baby-sitter,you should be very patient to dress the babies every day.

作為一個保姆，要有耐心每天給孩子穿衣服。

2.be dressed in后面可以接具體的衣服或者是表示顏色的詞，表示穿……樣的/顏色的衣服。

e.g.1.Today she is dressed in red,which is quite unusual.

今天她穿紅色的衣服，真是太不尋常了。

e.g.2.She is always dressed in brown.Do you think it is her favorite colour?

她總是穿棕色的衣服。你認為棕色是她最喜歡的顏色嗎？

考考你:

Do you know the man in the blue shirt?He is the new principal.

A.dressing B.to dress C.dressed D.dress

答案：C

辨析：在英語中，表示穿戴的詞和詞組還有以下幾個:

1.wear可以接任何穿或者是戴的東西作為賓語，如衣服，手套，首飾等等。而且，wear常常用來表示穿著的狀態(tài)。

e.g.1.She likes to wear a diamond ring,which is the gift from her boy friend.

她喜歡戴一只鉆石戒指，那是她男朋友送給她的禮物。

e.g.2.The watch I used to wear is out of order.

我常戴的那只手表壞了。

2.put on 強調穿的動作。

e.g.1.He put on his hat and left without any word.

他戴上帽子，二話沒說就走了。

e.g.2.Please put on the overcoat.It is very cold outside.

請把這件外套穿上，外面非常冷。

3.pull on 和put on的用法差不多，但是，pull on多指含有拉，拽的動作，如“穿襪子，戴手套”等等。

e.g.She found a hole in it when she pulled on her stockings.

她穿長統(tǒng)襪的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)上面有一個洞。

4.have on 表示穿著的狀態(tài)。

Close to his head were two pots made of clay,tools and materials to make arrows,a bow and arrows for hunting and a second,smaller copper knife.

靠近他的頭部有兩個由黏土制成的罐,還有造箭所需要用的工具和材料,以及用于打獵的弓和箭,還另有一個銅制的較小的刀子。

點撥：本句是倒裝句。正常的語序應該是:Two pots made of clay,tools and materials to make arrows,a bow and arrows for hunting and a second,smaller copper knife were close to his head.類似的倒裝句還有:

e.g.1.On the shelf are two piles of books,heavy and old.

架子上有兩堆書，又舊又重。

e.g.2.In front of the river lies a beautiful house with a small garden at the back.

河的前面是一座美麗的房子，房子后面有一個小花園。

e.g.3.Next to me sat Professor Lee,an expert on chemistry.

在我旁邊坐著的是李教授，他是一位化學專家。

要注意，在這種倒裝句中，謂語在人稱和數(shù)上要和介詞短語后面真正的主語保持一致。

e.g.1.Near my school are many small shops,including a book store.

我們學校附近有很多商店，其中有一個書店。

e.g.2.Here comes the bus.

汽車來了。

The biggest stones weigh 20 tons and came from a place not very far.

最大的石頭重約20噸，它們來自于一個不遠的地方。

點撥：weigh作為動詞，主要表達以下幾種含義：

1.表示“稱（重量）”。

e.g.1.Let me weigh it.It’s quite a bit overweight.

讓我來稱稱它。超重還不少呢。

e.g.2.The goods were carefully weighed at the time of shipment.

貨物在裝運的時候都是仔細稱過的。

2.表示“某物有（多少）重量”。

e.g.1.A giant panda can weigh as much as 150 kilos when fully grown.

一只大熊貓長大了，重量可以達到150千克。

e.g.2.Some of the fish already weigh ten kilograms.

這些魚有的已經有10千克重了。

3.表示“壓（在上面）”的含義。

e.g.1.The matter weighed heavily on my mind.

這件事情沉重地壓在我的心上。

e.g.2.The decision has been weighing on my mind all the week.

這項決定整整一個星期都壓在我的心上。

4.意思是“考慮”。

e.g.1.All the difficulties and risks had to be carefully weighed.

所有的困難和風險都要仔細考慮。

e.g.2.They weighed the matter seriously.

他們認真考慮了這件事情。

It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may have had a hand in planning the monument,or in helping transport and pull up the stones.

巨石陣之王很有可能和石頭有聯(lián)系：他可能參與過巨石陣的設計，或者幫助過巨石的運輸。

點撥：在英語中，may,might,can,could和must幾個情態(tài)動詞都可以用來表示對事情的猜測。must的意思是“肯定，一定”，語氣很有把握。may,might,和could的意思是“可能，也許”，語氣把握性不大。can的意思是“肯定，也許”，常常用在否定句和疑問句中。這幾個情態(tài)動詞用于表示猜測的時候，其后面可以跟三種不同的動詞形式。

1.跟動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在事情的猜測。

2.跟表示對現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情的猜測。

3.跟表示對已經發(fā)生的事情的猜測。

e.g.1.You are Jack’s best friend.You must know where he is.

你是杰克最好的朋友，你一定知道他在哪兒。

e.g.2.Can you hear the loud voice?They must be quarrelling.

你能聽到那聲音嗎？他們在吵架。

e.g.3.If you had come earlier,you might have been told the good news.

你早來一會兒，就會聽到那條好消息了。

e.g.4.There is no light in the room.They might have gone out for a walk.

屋里沒開燈，他們可能出去散步啦。

考考你:

1.Jack yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.

A.mustn’t have arrived B.shouldn’t have arrived

C.can’t have arrived D.need not have arrived

2.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

-Oh,did you?You with Barbara.

A.could have stayed B.could stay

C.would stay D.must have stayed

3.-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.

-It a comfortable journey.

A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be

C.mustn’t be D.couldn’t have been

答案:1.C 2.A 3.D

At first it was thought that it was through war and armed conflict,but it is now believed to have happened through trade and cultural links.

起先人們認為這些金屬工具是在戰(zhàn)爭或武力沖突中產生的，但是現(xiàn)在確信是在貿易和文化交流中產生的。

點撥：1.through指從內部通過。

e.g.1.The thief came in through the window.

小偷從窗戶進來。

e.g.2.The troops marched through the town.

軍隊從城中走過。

e.g.3.Fish swim through the water.

魚游于水中。

e.g.4.The men cut a tunnel through the mountain.

那些人穿山鑿了一條隧道。

2.表示“遍及，經歷”的意思。

e.g.1.He traveled through Europe.

他游遍歐洲。

e.g.2.Other birds and animals stay with you,but you will not see all the animals all through the winter.

另一些飛禽和動物留下來了，但是整個冬天你不會看到所有的這些動物。

3.表示“由于，因為”的含義。

e.g.1.It was all through your being late that we lost the train.

我們沒有趕上火車，完全是因為你來晚了。

e.g.2.It happened,through no fault of mine.

這件事情之所以發(fā)生，并非是我的過錯。

4.表示“藉，由”的含義。

e.g.1.He became rich through hard work.憑著努力的工作，他致富了。

e.g.2.I obtained my position through a friend.

我靠一位朋友的幫忙而得到了這份工作。

5.表示“從頭到尾”

e.g.1.He worked from dawn through the day and into the night.

他從天亮一直工作到晚上。

e.g.2.He read through the novel carefully.

他細心地讀完了這本小說。

e.g.3.The rain lasted through the night.雨下了一夜。

比較：through和across的用法

through和across都作“穿過”講，across指的是從一個空間內的一端到另一端或者是成十字交叉而過。through著重指從物體的中間或者是空間穿過。

e.g.1.Last week,we started our trip across this country.

上個星期，我們開始了橫跨這個國家的旅行。

e.g.2.We can’t travel through the forest by road,because there aren’t any roads.

我們不能從陸路穿越森林，因為那里根本無路可走。

考考你：

1.The boy is so good at swimming that he can swim the sea.

2.He walked the forest and disappeared into the valley.

答案：1.across 2.through

Integrating skills

Since then, archaeologists have found more than a thousand cultural relics,including gold,jade,bronze and stone objects as well as nearly a ton of ivory that must have belonged to at least 500 elephants.

從那時起，考古學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一千多件遺物，包括金子、翡翠、青銅、石器和近一噸的象牙，這些象牙至少來自500頭大象。

點撥:include是動詞，其含義是“包括”。

e.g.1.You’ll find the plan include most of suggestions.

你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個計劃當中包括了大部分的建議。

e.g.2.We watched a performance which included a puppet show and acrobatics.

我們觀賞了一場表演，表演包括木偶戲和雜技。

常用現(xiàn)在分詞including引起一個短語，也可以用過去分詞included，但是，included要置于修飾詞的后面。

e.g.1.The city has dozens of factories,including a cement works and a textile will.

這個城市有很多工廠，包括水泥廠和紡織廠。

e.g.2.Everyone had something to say,me included.

每個人都有話要說，包括我。

考考你：

All of the class went to visit the factory,the twins .

A.including B.include

C.included D.includes

答案：C

For example,a gold mask and a bronze statue of a man remind visitors of the bronze masks and big bronze statues at Sanxingdui because of their similar style.

例如，人的金面具和青銅雕像使游覽者們想起了三星堆的青銅面罩和大青銅雕像，因為它們的樣式很相似。

點撥：remind作為動詞，表示以下幾個意思:

1.表示“使想起”，常常跟of引起的句子。

e.g.1.What he had done reminded me of the days when I was in the army.

他所做的一切使我想起了我在部隊的那些日子。

e.g.2.Thanks for your gift-it will always remind me of you.

非常感謝你的禮物--它會使我經常想起你。

表示“使想起”的含義的時候，也可以跟從句。

e.g.1.They reminded me that they had promised to buy me a car.

他們使我想到，他們許諾過給我買車。

e.g.2.His words reminded me that she had finished her schooling and would soon come back home from abroad.

他的話使我想起來，她已經完成了學業(yè)，即將從國外回來。

2.表示“提醒”的意思，跟帶不定式的復合結構；也可以跟about或者of引起的短語。 e.g.1.We write to remind you to send us your samples.

我們來信是為了提醒你們給我們把貨樣寄過來。

e.g.2.Be sure to remind her to come back early.

你一定要提醒她早回來。

e.g.3.We must send a letter to remind him of the deadline of the task.

我們必須寫信提醒他任務的期限。

The Sanxingdui Ruins Site covers 12 square kilometers.

三星堆遺址占地面積大約12平方千米。

點撥：cover作為動詞，有很多含義。

1.表示“覆蓋，鋪蓋”。

e.g.1.He covered himself with a blanket.

他給自己蓋上一床毯子。

e.g.2.A rather cold north west airstream will cover our province.

一股偏冷的西北氣流將覆蓋我省。

e.g.3.When he returned,his body was covered with bruises.

他回來的時候全身都是傷痕。

2.表示“走完（一段路程），看完（若干頁書），夠付（費用）”。

e.g.1.They covered the distance to the place at a run.

他們一路小跑，趕到了那個地方。

e.g.2.Here is ten dollars;the extra will cover the bus fares.

這兒是10元錢，多余的可以用作坐公共汽車費用。

3.表示“涉及，談到”的意思。

e.g.1.What are the chief points you are to cover in your talk?

你的報告主要有哪些內容？

e.g.2.The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.

這項決定涉及到很多別的問題。

4.意思是“有（多少面積），包括（多大的范圍）”。

e.g.1.The city covers ten square miles.

這座城市的面積是10平方英里。

e.g.2.His burnt area covered 70 per cent of his body surface.

他全身的燒傷面積達到了70%。

5.表示“掩護”。

e.g.He ordered us to cover the other people’s withdrawal.

他下令讓我們掩護其他人撤退。

6.表示“采訪，報道”。

e.g.They sent a large number of reporters to cover the conference.

他們派遣了大量的記者去報道大會的消息。

考考你:

Our new school almost 54 square miles,making it the largest school in the province.

A.lies B.stands C.has D.covers

答案:D

Writing

寫作指導：

中國有著悠久的歷史。文化遺跡和重要的考古文物遍及各地。畫一張流程圖，表明發(fā)現(xiàn)地下寶藏時你應該做的和不應該做的事情。

建議:1.繪制一張流程圖，弄清在一個完整過程中所必須采取的步驟和決定。

2.繪圖之前，標出所有的步驟和決定。

3.確定所要采取的步驟和決定的順序。

4.用不同的形狀表示不同的活動。例如:用三角形表示決定，用長方形表示正在進行的事，用菱形表示人的幫助。

5.用箭頭表示流程方向。

6.檢查遺漏的步驟。

Grammar

復習代詞“it”的用法

It的用法主要有以下一些:

1.作無人稱動詞的主語，表示時間、氣候、距離、狀態(tài)等。

e.g.1.It’s ten o’clock.

現(xiàn)在十點鐘了。

e.g.2.It is twenty miles to London.

到倫敦有二十英里。

e.g.3.She couldn’t stand it.

她真是無法忍受。

2.指代前面出現(xiàn)的事物或者是現(xiàn)象。

e.g.1.Where is my book?Have you seen it？

我的書在哪兒?你看見我的書了嗎?

e.g.2.He pretended to study,for he thought it would please his mother.

他假裝讀書,因為他認為那樣做可以取悅他的母親。

3.在特殊情況下指代人。

e.g.1.She got a baby and it was ten-pound.

她生了個十磅重的嬰兒.

e.g.2.A tall man stood up and shook hands with her.It was the general manager.

一個高個子男子站了起來同她握手,他就是總經理。

4.可以用作形式主語。

e.g.1.It is certain that we shall succeed.

我們一定會成功的。

e.g.2.It is necessary for older people to understand what the young think and feel.

年長的人有必要了解年輕人在想些什么,他們有什么感覺。

5.用作形式賓語。

e.g.1.You’ll find it difficult to learn Japanese.

你將發(fā)現(xiàn)日語很難學。

e.g.2.I make it a rule to take a walk in the morning.

我規(guī)定自己每天早上散步。

6.用于強調句型。

e.g.1.It is I who am fortunate.

幸運的是我。

e.g.2.It was three weeks later that he learnt the news.

三個星期以后他得知了這個消息。