Unit 20 Humour
Ⅰ.Teaching Goals:
1.Talk about humour and comedians.
2.Practise saying tongue twisters.
3.Express intentions and plans.
4.Use the-ing form(1)as the Attribute and Object Complement.
5.Write a funny story or joke in English.
Ⅱ.Teaching Time:
Four periods
Ⅲ.Background Information:
One word or phrase may have two or more meanings;words or phrases which have different meanings may have the same or similar sounds.Words or phrases like these may sometimes cause confusion or ambiguity,but they also make it possible to joke or play on words for a humorous effect.
For some reason English has one of the largest collections of jokes based on plays on words.These jokes are often in the form of a dialogue in which one person uses a word in one sense,which the other person understands it or deliberately interpretes it in a different sense.Here are some examples of the humorous dialogues.
1.Policeman:You can’t park hero.
Driver:Why not?
Policeman:Read that sign.
Driver:I did.It says,“Fine for parking”,so I parked.
2.A:Where do you wash?
B:In the spring.
A:I didn’t ask when,I asked you where.
3.Diana:How long will the next bus be?
Charles:Oh,almost 45 feet.
4.Dick:My aunt has 88 keys.
Tracy:She must have a lot of doors.
Dick:She doesn’t.She plays the piano.
5.Customer:Is there any soup on the menu?
Waiter:There was,but I wiped it off.
6.Dick:Where are we eat tonight?
Nick:Let’s eat up the street.
Dick:Let’s not.I don’t like concrete.
7.Professor:Name two pronouns.
Student:Who,me?
8.Teacher:Jimmy,what are the three words that students use most often at school?
Jimmy:I don’t know….
Teacher:Correct.
Plays on words can also be in the form of a riddle.And some riddles are plays on compound words.A compound word consists of two or more pants,and the pants do not have the same meaning as they have when they are used separately,though they may keep their original sound.Here are some examples:
(1)I work only when I’m fired.What am I ?(A rocket.)
(2)I have teeth,but no mouth.What am I?(A comb.)
(3)I have a mouth,but no teeth,what am I?(A river.)
(4)Why does a river sleep a lot?(Because it is always in a bed.)
(5)Why does a river have a lot of money?(Because it has two banks.)
(6)If you throw a white stone into Red Sea,what will it become?(Wet.)
(7)What can you see with your eyes shut?(A dream.)
(8)Which runs faster,heat or cold?Why?(Heat.Because you can catch cold.)
(9)I have cities but no houses;forests but no trees;rivers without water.What am I?(A map.)
(10)What letter are people the most afraid of?(E.Because it’s the end of “l(fā)ife”.)
(11)What kind of driver never needs a license?(A screwdriver.)
(12)What kind of a nail should you not hit with a hammer?(Your fingernail.)
Some jokes are based on words which have the same sound but different meanings and spellings.Jokes of this kind is better heard,not seen.When they are written or printed,the humor is largely lost.For example:
Seven days without water makes one weak (week).
We must all hang together or we shall all hang separately.
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Practise saying tongue twisters.
2.Do some listening.
3.Talk about intentions and plans.
4.Learn and master the new words and expressions of this part.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Improve the students' listening ability by listening.
2.Improve the students' speaking ability by making up dialogues.
3.Let the students master how to impress their intentions and plans.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.Make dialogues to express their ideas.
2.Say tongue twisters fluently.
Teaching Methods:
1.Listening and speaking methods to improve the students' listening and speaking ability.
2.Pair work or group work to make every student active in class activities.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder
2.a projector and some slides
3.a computer for multimedia use
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ.Greetings and Revision
T:Good morning,everyone.
Ss:Good morning,teacher.
T:Sit down,please.In the last period,I told you to make sentences with the expressions of Unit 19 and say them in groups.In this period,I'll ask some students to say their sentences again before class.Please listen to them carefully.Wang Fei,read your sentences,please.
(Students listen carefully and help to correct the mistakes.)
Step Ⅱ.Preparation for Listening and Speaking
T:Today,we're going to learn a new unit Unit 20,Humour.(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard:Unit 20,Humour,the First Period.)From the title,we can guess that this unit will be much more interesting,for every one of us likes fun,and every fun makes us happy and gay.I hope you'll be interested in this unit.First,let's learn the new words and expressions of this period.Look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
New words and expressions
twister n.騙子，說慌的人；難事，難題
tongue twister繞口令
bitter adj.苦的，痛苦的
couple n.(一)對；(一)雙；夫婦
minister n.部長，大臣
humour n.(=humor)幽默，詼諧
humourous adj.富幽默感的，滑稽的
mostly adv.主要地，大部分，通常
laughter n.笑，笑聲
tear n.眼淚
circus n.馬戲團(場)；雜技團(場)
clown n.小丑，粗魯愚蠢的人
intend vt.想要，打算，意指
intention n.意圖，目的
Fred 佛瑞德(男名)
T：Look at the first word:twister.Read after me:“twister”.(Read it twice),tongue twister….Do you know tongue twister?It means“a word or phrase difficult to speak quickly or correctly”.such as in Chinese“吃葡萄，吐葡萄皮，不吃葡萄，不吐葡萄皮”.In English,there are many twisters,too.In a while,let's read them.…
(Teacher gives brief explanations to other words if necessary.)
Step Ⅲ.Warming up
T:Please open your books and turn to Page 39.Look at Warming up.Let's practise saying the following tongue twisters.First,read it slowly.Then read them faster and faster.You can read them to your partner.And let your partner see if there is any mistake in your reading.At last,I'll ask five students to read them before class to see who can speak faster without making mistakes,OK?let's begin.
Step Ⅳ.Listening
T:So much for warming up.Now we'll do listening.In the next period of time you will hear an interesting story.It is about a couple who got married.A child is asking her grandmother about her marriage.Number the pictures in the proper order.The first one has been done to help you.Please read the other two requirements to see what you will have to do after you finish listening.(After a few minutes.)Do you know about the things you'll do?(Ss:Yes.)During the period when you listen to the tape,I'll play it three times in all.When I play it for the first time,just listen.When I play it for the second time,do the exercises and you can check your answers to make sure they are right when I play the tape for the third time.Then check your answers with your classmates and tell your partner the story.Note that the beginning of the story has been given to you on Page 39.(At last,the teacher shows the pictures in the right order and the answers of Part 2 on the screen to get all the students to check and then asks a student to tell the story to the whole class.)
Step Ⅴ.Speaking
T:Now let's do speaking.First,please read a dialogue between a journalist(j)and a comedian(c).
T:(After students read the dialogue)What's the most important thing in a comedian's job?
SA:The important thing in a comedian's job is not only to make people laugh,but also to get them to think about life.
T:How many ways to make people laugh are given?What are they?What other examples can you give?
SB:Two ways are given.They are:Jokes about speaking a foreign language and the way someone walks and talks.Other examples are:their make-up, the styles of their clothes,shoes and the way they hear something or see something etc.
T:Please make a dialogue yourself.Pair work.One acts as the part of a journalist(j)and your partner acts as a circus clown(c).The dialogue you make should include the questions on Page 40.And you can use the expressions on the screen to help you.(Show the screen.)Later,we'll ask one pair to give us a performance.Let's begin.
Useful expressions:
I will… I'm going to…
I intend to … I hope to…
I plan/want to… I wish to…
I've decided(not)to… I hope not to…
Sample dialogue:
J:For which age do you write your show?
C:I mainly write my show for children.They're very interested in it.But a lot of adults like my show,too.
J:What do you do as a clown?
C:To make people laugh:We often don't use any words.It is our clothes,make-up and way we act that make people laugh.People laugh and they forget their problems for at least a moment.
J:What are you doing at this moment?
C:I'm getting ready for a performance with my partner.It's the funnest I've ever shown.
J:What are your plans for your next show?
C:I've written several shows.I intend to do them in the next few weeks.I hope to act them during the christmas holiday.
J:How do you make children laugh?
C:I make them laugh by movements.I copy Charlie Chaplin's movements in my performance.Childern laugh with tears.
J:When will you stop working as a clown?
C:As long as people especially children like me,I want to go on working until I'm very old.I like my job very much.
J:Thank you very much.
Step Ⅵ.Consolidation
T:Now make another dialogue with your partner,using the expressions on the screen.
Sample dialogue.
(A:a journalist;B:a director)
A:What are you doing at present?
B:We're doing a comedy.It's really funny.
A:What's your plan for the future?
B:I've decided to do an opera.I would like to have a try in the opera.
A:I hope it will be very successful.By the way,what do you enjoy doing most of all?
B:Er…,it's a bit hard to say.I always intend to try something new.
Step Ⅶ.Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we've practised some tongue twisters and listened to a story.Then we've done some speaking practice.Above all,we should remember the useful expressions about how to express intentions and plans.What are they?They are…(The Design of the Writing on the Bb.Teacher and students say them aloud together.)Today's homework:1.Collect as many tongue twisters as possible;2.Make dialogues after class according to the situations given on the screen.(Teacher shows the screen.)That's all for this class.Class is over.
Situation 1:This weekend you intend to see a film/watch a football match/visit a friend or some relatives.Or you plan to go shopping/go fishing/go sightseeing/go mountain-climbing etc.
Situation 2:Suppose you have some special plans for New Year or for the winter holidays.You'd like to talk about it with your friend.
Sample dialogues:
Dialogue 1.
A:Any plans for the weekend?
B:I intend to go to the country to visit my grandparents.
A:Your grandparents live a bit far away,don't they?
B:Yes.It takes about two hours by bus.
A:Are you going there alone?
B:No.Since we haven't seen my grandparents for a long time,my parents and my uncle's family will go there together.
A:So there would be a large family get-together this weekend.I think your grandparents will certainly be very happy!
B:Of course they will.
Dialogue 2:
A:How do you plan to celebrate New Year,B?
B:We have decided to give a comedy at New Year's party.
A:Are you all ready for it?
B:Not yet.But the play and the actors have been chosen.We are busy memorizing the lines of our own parts.Then we will practise where to stand,where to move,entrances and exits.I believe it will be terrific.
A:I hope it will be a great success.
Step Ⅷ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 20 Humour
The First Period
Useful expressions:
I will… I'm going to…
I intend to… I hope to…
I plan/want to… I wish to…
I've decided(not)to… I hope to…
Step Ⅸ.Record after Teaching
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The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the new words and expressions of the text.
2.Learn something about comedy,clown and comedian,especially about crosstalk show.
3.Improve the students' reading ability by reading the text.
Teaching Important Points:
1.How to master the new words and expressions of the text.
2.How to improve the students' reading and writing ability.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to get the students to grasp the main idea of a passage as soon as possible.
Teaching Methods:
1.Fast reading to improve the students' reading ability.
2.Pair work or group work to get every student active in class.
3.Inductive method to make the students understand the text better.
Teaching Aids:
1.a recorder
2.a projector and some slides
3.a computer for multimedia use
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰ.Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual.Teacher checks the students' homework.
step Ⅱ.Preparation for reading
T:Now,please turn to Page 114.Let's learn the new words and expressions together.First read them by yourselves.
T:(After the students finish reading.)Who will read the new words and expressions for us?
SA:(Standing up)I'll try.(SA begins to read.)(After the student finishes reading teacher points out the students' mistakes in pronunciation and stress if there is any.Then teacher plays the tape-recorder to let the students listen and follow.)
T:So much for the new words and expressions.Please turn to Page 40 and read the instructions in Pre-reading.Have a discussion with your partner and make preparations for the questions.(Teacher shows the pictures on the screen.After five minutes.)
T:Are you ready?(Ss:Yes,we are ready.)Look at the photos.Do you know who the first comedian is?
SB:He is Chaplin and he was born in Britain.He began to act when he was five.When he was seventeen,he went to the United States.During his lifetime,he wrote,acted and directed many films.I read this from a magazine sometime two weeks ago.
T:Do you know what makes him funny?
SB:His own manner of acting.Even his way of walking down the street,eating and turning a corner is different from other's.I saw several of his films.
T:What about the second picture?
SC:He is Zhao Benshan and is from Northeast.We often see him act on TV.He is a famous actor and every one of us likes him.
T:Do you know examples of other comedians who are funny in the same way?
SD:Yes.In our country,Wang Jingyu is a comedian,who is almost in the same way as Charlie Chaplin.I saw several of his programmes.There are many other comedies like Zhao Benshan,such as Pan Changjiang and Chen Peisi.They often appear on the stage or TV.I think comedians not only are actors but also artists.They make our life colourful,make people laugh as well as get all of us educated by their acting.
SE:3.Yes.I think comedians play an important rolein our life.Laughter and humour are important parts.Just think what our world would be without humourous TV programmes,films etc.That's terrible.
Step Ⅲ.Fast Reading
T:Quite right.I have the same opinion as you.Let's study hard now and help to make our life full of homour and happiness.Now,please read the text“Laughing matter”fast and then answer the questions on the screen.Write your answers on a piece of paper.I'll collect the first five pieces.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Answer the following questions:
1.How do Americans sound funny in a comedy?
2.How can clowns help people?
3.What is sketch?
(Teacher goes among the students and collects the first five pieces of answers.)
T:(After all the students finish.)Who can give us the first answer?
Sf:They sound funny speaking with a foreign accent.
T:The second question?
Sg:They can help people relax and forget their problems for at least a short moment.
T:What is sketch?
SH:Comedian may act out a situation during their show and we call that a sketch.
Step Ⅳ.Reading
T:You have done very well.Now please read the text again and discuss the questions in Post reading.Pair work or group work.I'll ask some students to give us their answers in a minute.(Teacher goes among the students and joins in the students' discussion.When all the students finish,teacher says the following.)
T:Have you finished?(Ss:Yes.)Who will give us the answers?Volunteers?
Sa:1.The text tells us that dating back to the Qin Dynasty,the traditional cross talk shows,or Xiang Sheng shows,have made people all over China roar with laughter for centuries.That's to say,it exists in China for more than two thousand four hundred years.
Sb:2.When the writers of comedies write in order to make people laugh,they often let cross-dressing men and women appear on the stage or have characters that are stereotypes coming different countries or people doing certain jobs.They also play on words to create fun.
Sc:American comedians speak with a foreign accent.
Sd:3.Because the words used by the comedies then have the different meaning now,so they can't be understood even by native Englishmen.
Se:4.Aclown often appears on the stage alone or with a partner.Usually they don't say anything.They make people laugh only by their clothes,make up and the movements of the body.Even they walk,eat and sleep in a different way from a normal person.
Sf:5.I think it is more like a comedy than the show of a clown.Because the way they make people laugh is not like the show of a clown,but like the actors in a comedy.They both use word play.
Sg:6.They both use the same techniques to make the audiences laugh,such as strange-dressing men or women,characters from different places the words that make people laugh,as well as their strange accents.Though both western and Chinese comedians use the same techniques,the techniques they use are closer to their own people,such as the style of their clothes,the food they eat,the scene in a comedy and so on.
T:You've done well.Now let's have some students act how people from different countries walk,talk and behave.
(Students act.)
T:Now look at the screen.I'll give you some further explanations for some new words and expressions.
Notes:
a.character:a person in a book,play etc.
b.make fun of:to laugh or cause others to laugh rather unkindly.
e.g.People make fun of her because she wears such a strange hat.
c.play on words:use amusingly a word or phrase that has two meanings,or words having the same sound but different meanings.
d.in common:in shared possession
e.g.The four boys grew up together and have a lot in common.
e.applaud:to praise(a play,actor…)
especially by striking one's hands together
f.appreciate:to understand and enjoy the good qualities of
T:Please read the text again and see if you have anything you don't understand.(Teacher goes among the students and answers any questions raised by the students.)
Step Ⅴ.Listening and Reading Aloud
T:Now let's listen to the tape.I'll play the tape recorder twice.The first time I play it,listen carefully.When I play it for the second time,please listen and follow it.Then you read it aloud.Are you clear?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher goes among the students and corrects the mistakes the students make in pronunciation and intonation.)
Step Ⅵ.Summary and Homework
T:Look at the screen.The four topics are all discussed in the text.Read the text again and find the paragraph or paragraphs each topic includes.Then give some detailed information about them.Pair work or group work.In a few minutes,we'll check the answers.
Complete the following:
Laughing Matter
T:(A few minutes later.)Have you finished?Now look at the screen and check your answers.(Teacher shows the screen.)
Complete the following:
T:In this class,we've learned the text“Laughing matter”.It includes four topics.The first one is…(The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard.)Today's homework:Read the text again and learn the new words and expressions by heart.That's all for this class.
Step Ⅶ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 20 Humour
The Second Period
Laughing matter
Step Ⅷ.Record after teaching
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The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn the“-ing”form used as the Attribute and Object Complement.
2.Learn about word formation.
3.Improve the students' ability to make sentences and write.
Teaching Important Point:
How to get the students to master the“-ing”form.
Teaching Difficult Point:
The difference between the“-ing”form used as the Attribute and Object Complement.
Teaching Methods:
1.Discussion to make every student have a clear understanding.
2.Explanation to make every student have a clear concept.
3.Pair work or group work to make every student active.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector and some slides
2.a computer for multimedia use
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰ.Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual.
Teacher checks the students' homework.
step Ⅱ.Word Study
T:Now let's do Word Study.Read these sentences and find words of the same root from this unit.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.Do you know what“the words of the same root”means?For example,we have learned the words:nation n.;national adj.;nationality n.And we can say that the three words have the same root,because each of them has the word root“nation”.Are you clear about this?(Ss:Yes.)OK,have a discussion with your partner.Later,I'll have some students give us the answers.
T:(After a few minutes.)Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.We are ready.
T:Now please give us your answers.One student,one sentence.
SA:Sentence 1.當喜劇演員講笑話時，人們從他說話的聲音中就能感覺到他的辛酸。“bitterness”and“bitter”has the same root.
SB:2.我本來打算來這兒住幾天，但現在我已決定要走了。 “intention”and“intent”have the same root.
SC:3艾倫，現在是一位世界著名的喜劇演員，從來沒有對他本人的表演滿意過。“satisfied”and“satisfy”have the same root.
SD:4.現在你說不準這部電影是否將是一部成功的影片。“certainly”and“certain”have the same root.
SE:5.這種相聲，是典型的雙人相聲，在中國很受歡迎。“typically”and“type”have the same root.
SF:6.南希，出身于一個純藝術家庭，已經成了一位大畫家。“artistic”and“art”have the same root.
SG:7.這本書的銷售，因為作者的冒險經歷已經迅速增長了。“rapidly”and“rapid”have the same root.
SH:8.學會說外語使人的閱歷豐富。“richness”and“rich”have the same root.
T:You've done well.Now look at the screen again.We'll have another exercise.Match the words on the left with their meanings on the right.
Match the following:
1.comedy a.a fixed pattern representing a type of person or action.
2.audience b.a man who dresses funnily and acts foolishly to make people laugh
3.stereotype c.a funny play,film or other work.
4.clown d.the people listening to or watching a performance,speech,television show,etc.
5.comedian e.a short informal piece of literature or stage acting
6.sketch f.the regular beat of poetry or music
7.tradition g.an actor who acts in funny plays or films
8.rhythm h.(of words or poetry)to end with the same sound.
9.rhyme i.the passing down of opinions,beliefs,customs etc.
T:(A few minutes later.)Have you finished?If you have finished it,please check your answers with the screen.
Suggested answers:
1.c 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.g 6.e 7.i 8.h 9.f
Step Ⅲ.Grammar
T:Now please turn to Page 42.Look at Grammar:The -ing form(1).As we know,the -ing form is often used as the Attribute.Where should we put it?Student I,read the two sentences below Grammar.(SI reads the sentences.)Look at the phrases and the sentence on the screen.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
1.interesting crosstalk amusing story
laughing audience cross-dressing men
2.Woody Allen is famous for his role acting as a woman.
T:In the four phrases on the screen,each“-ing”form is used as the attributive.Because it is a single word,it is put before the word it modifies,while in the sentence on the screen,the“-ing”form is placed after the word it modifies,because it is a phrase.Are you clear about it?
Ss:Yes.
T:Now look at Exercise 1.Try to put the following phrases into English.Pair work.Please get prepared.(After two minutes.)
T:Who will give their Chinese meaning?One student,two phrases.Read it first,and then give your translation.Volunteer?
Sa:a flaming ray灼熱的光線；
working people勞動人民
Sb:smilig faces微笑的面孔；
a flying kite翱翔的風箏
Sc:an interesting crosstalk有趣的相聲；
an exciting event激動人心的事件
Sd:the rising sun升起的太陽；
the suffering peasants受苦受難的農民
Se:the coming week下周；
the dancing girl舞女
T：Quite right.Now let's do Exercise 2.Look at the screen.(Teacher shows the screen.)Make sentences from the table,using the “-ing”form as the attribute.Write as many sentences as you can.
Make sentences from the table,using the“-ing”form as the attribute
(After a minute.)
T:Now read your sentences to us.One student,one sentence.
Sf:The boy coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine.
Sg:The boy performing the show is a classmate of mine.
Sh:The boy singing now can play four musical instruments.
Si:The person getting married is a friend of my mother's.
Sj:The person coming to dinner this evening is in his 40 s.
Sk:The comedian getting married can play four musical instruments.
Sl:The comedian performing the show is in his 40s.
Sm:The woman eating her lunch writes her songs herself.
Sn:The woman looking at her map is a friend of my mother's.
So:The couple getting married are famous movie stars.
T:Turn back to Page 42.Please look at the sentence:“At one moment in a show,you can see the audience laughing loud.”In this sentence,is“l(fā)aughing loud”used as attribute?
Sp:Yes.
Sq:I don't agree with him.Here the “-ing”form “l(fā)aughing loud”is used as object complement.We often say“see or hear sb.doing sth.”In the structure,the“-ing”form is used as object complement.Am I right?
T:Yes,you are right.Verbs which are followed by the“-ing”form used as object complement are:see,hear,feel,watch,notice,keep,find,get,have,etc.Are you clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:Please look at Exercise 3.Choose the best verb and complete each sentence after the example.Write your answers on a piece of paper.We'll check them in a few minutes.
(After a few minutes,teacher shows the screen.)
Suggested answers:
1.I saw them forcing(force)the door open with a hammer.
2.We heard them laughing(laugh)after the comedy show;they sounded very happy.
3.I heard him dropping(drop)something heavy into the river.
4.You can see them performing(perform)every night this week at the New Theatre.
5.I could hear the newly-married couple quarrelling(quarrel)every day over very small matters.
6.We watched the army marching(march)down the street towards the park.
7.I saw the people entering(enter)the theatre,and there were 286 of them.
8.We watched three old men sharing(share)their food with each other.
9.We watched the children diving(dive)into the water from the top diving board.
10.I noticed you helping(help)the comedians with their performances.That was very kind of you.
Step Ⅳ.Test
T:Now I'll give you a test.Look at the screen,please.
Put the correct verb into the -ing form to complete each sentence.
fasten,knock,settle,deliver,enter,lay,bathe,measure,weigh,remove
1.The people__________the palace were dressed in their best clothes.
2.We noticed a lot of children__________in the river in the hot weather.
3.The woman__________fruit in the market was carrying a child on her back.
4.People__________in the north of China need warm clothes for the winter.
5.I noticed the man__________the armchairs from the room.
6.The tailor__________me for my new coat asked me a lot of questions about music.
7.I heard someone__________on the floor.
8.The servant__________the table for dinner was singing quietly.
9.The man__________the letters said that it was difficult to find our house.
10.I watched the officer__________his horse to a tree with a rope.
Suggested answers:
1.entering 2.bathing 3.weighing 4.settling 5.removing 6.measuring 7.knocking 8.laying 9.delivering 10.fastening
Step Ⅴ.Summary and Homework
T:In this class.We've learned Grammar and done a lot of exercises to the text and Grammar.As we know now,the“-ing”form can be used as the Attribute and Object Complement.When it is used as the Attribute,it is usually…(The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard)When it is used as the object Complement,it is often used after the verbs:…(Write them on the Bb.)Today's homework:After class,make four sentences.Two of them use the“-ing”form as the Attribute.And the other two use it as the object complement.That's all.
Step Ⅵ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 20 Humour
The Third Period
Grammar:The -ing form:used as the Attribute and Object Complement.
The Attribute:If an“-ing”form is a single word,it is usually put before the word it modifies.If it is a phrase,it is often placed after the word it modifies.
The Object Complement:It is used after the verbs:see,hear,feel,watch,notice,keep,find,
get,have etc.
Step Ⅶ.Record after Teaching
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The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following words and expressions:
cyclist,direction,brake,fortunately,drive off,silence,look on…as,rude
2.Review the other expressions in this unit.
3.Improve the students' reading ability.
4.Get the students to understand that people should tolerance towards each other.
Teaching Important Points:
1.The use of the words and expressions above.
2.Let the students understand the text better.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to let the students understand the text better.
Teaching Methods:
1.Fast-reading to train the students' ability to find out the general information.
2.Question-and-answer to make students understand the detailed information.
3.Pair work or group work to make every student work.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector and some slides
2.a tape recorder
3.a computer for multimedia use
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ.Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual
(Teacher goes over the students' homework.)
Step Ⅱ.Preparation for Reading
T:Attention,please.Before we have the new lesson,I want to know something about a new job you want to get.Suppose you have finished your school and now you are looking for a new job.And you are told that you are going to have an interview.Tell me what you should do as preparations.Will you wear your best clothes?
Ss:Maybe.
T:What are the other things you should get ready for the interview?
SA:We'll be ready for some questions,such as our education,age,experience and so on.
T:Do you want the manager to have a good impression on you?
Ss:Yes.
T:Yeah.Generally speaking,if you want a job in a company,you usually have to go to the company for an interview first.The boss of the company will ask you some questions about yourself.You also have the chance to ask questions about the kind of work which you'll do in the company if you get the job,However,if you want to get the job you'd better get the boss to have a good impression on you when you are interviewed.Today we're going to read a story about an interview for a job.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
New words:
cyclist n.騎腳踏車的人
direction n.方向，指導；(常用復數)說明
brake n.閘、剎車 vi.剎車
fortunately adv.幸運地
drive off趕走，擊退
silence n.&v.沉默
look on…as…把……看作
rude adj.粗魯無禮的，殘暴的
T:Now first let's learn the new words and expressions of this period.SB,read them,please.(Student B read the new words and expressions and teacher helps to correct the student's mistakes.Then ask the whole class to read after the tape.)
Step Ⅲ.Fast Reading
T:Now open your books at Page 43.You are given five minutes to read the text fast.Then answer the three questions on the screen.Write your answers on a piece of paper.I'll collect the first five pieces.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
1.How did the writer go to the interview?
2.How many people were going to interview the writer and who were they?
3.What was the end of the story?
T:Who will give us the answer?First answer Question 1.SC,you try,please.
SC:The writer rode her bicycle to the interview.
T:Right.Who knows the answer to Question 2?
SD:(One student stands up and says.)Three people were going to interview the writer:the boss of the office in which she wanted to work,who was a woman,a man with whom she would have to work together and finally the manager of the company-the driver of the yellow car.
T:And the answer to the last question?
SE:The woman got the job at last and was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with her for having been so rude.
Step Ⅳ.Reading
T:Very good.Read the text again,then discuss the questions after the text in groups of four.I'll ask some group to answer the questions in a few minutes.Now please begin
(A few minutes later.)
T:Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
T:Who will answer the first question?
SF:Because he made her fall off her bicycle when she was on her way to the interview.
T:Please go on!
SG:2When she went into the room where she would be interviewed,she met the driver.
SH:3.The last time we met,I admitted than I talked more than I did.
SI:4.When my manager does something wrong,I tell him so.
SJ：5.I have a lot of jokes.For example,…
T:All right.Your comprehension is right.Maybe you find some sentences difficult to understand.Look at them on the screen.I'll explain them to you.
a.I was cycling…interview.=I was going to the interview by bicycle.
b.as there was another car coming in the other direction=because another car was coming in the opposite direction.
c.and was a danger to other people:Note the preposition to.=He behaved in a way that might be dangerous to other people.
d.His face was very red.=He was so embarrassed that his face became bright red.
e.look on…as:regard…as
e.g.He looks on her as a child.
f.had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude=Although I had been so rude to him,he decided not to be angry with me.…for having been so rude→It expresses reason.
e.g.I was sorry for having wasted so much time.=I was sorry that I had wasted so much time.
T:Have you anything else difficult to understand?Please read the text and find them.
(Teacher goes among the students and answers any questions raised by the students.)
Step Ⅴ.Listening and Reading Aloud
T:Now I'll play the tape recorder.When I play it for the first time,listen carefully.When I play it for the second time,please listen and follow it.Then please read the text aloud.Are you clear?OK.Let's begin.
(After playing the tape,teacher goes among the students,and correct the mistakes in their prounciation and intonation.)
Step Ⅵ.Consolidation
T:Now look at the screen.Fill in the blanks with a proper word according to the text to complete the passage.Later we'll check the answers.
(Show the screen.)
Fill in the blanks with the proper words.
One day I was cycling 1 a street on my way to the 2 .Suddenly a yellow car 3 me and stopped.I had to 4 hard and 5 off.I got so angry 6 I 7 at the driver.However.I was 8 time for the interview.By accident,one of the interviewers,the 9 of the company,was the driver of the yellow car.Fortunately,the manager was not angry 10
me for having been so 11 .Two days later he 12 me the job.I was very pleased and said to everyone jokingly that I told my manager exactly what I thought 13 him.
Suggested answers:
1.along 2.interview 3.passed 4.brake 5.fell 6.that 7.shouted 8.in 9.manager 10.with 11.rude 12.offered 13.of
Step Ⅶ.Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we've learned a passage about an interview.There are many useful expressions in it.Can you find them?OK.Let's find them together.They are:in the correct direction,as adj./adv. as possible/someone can.Today's homework:1.Make sentences with the expressions of this unit;2.Read the Tips and Checkpoint of this unit and have a discussion;3.Write a short funny story or a joke in English.
Sample writing:
A Joke
I was on my way home when I heard a friend sighing unhappily.Then I asked her what's the matter.
She said wearing a long face(哭喪著臉).“Just now I met with Mrs Zhong,my old neighbour.I asked her how her husband was recently.She said that he was out.I didn't understand what she really meant by saying that.I had thought he was out travelling somewhere.(But in fact her husband died last week).So I said…”
“What did you say?Did you say that it was good for him to be out?”I asked.
“Even worse!What I said was why didn't you go with him?”
Step Ⅷ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 20 Humour
The Fourth Period
Useful expressions:
in the other direction as.adj./adv.
as someone can so adj./adv.that… drive off knock…off in the future pick up in(great)surprise look on…as… for a moment be pleased with be angry with
Step Ⅸ.Record after Teaching
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Reference for Teaching
一、異域風情
1.Charlie Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin was born on April 16,1889 in London.His father was an entertainer and although not one of the big names.He was doing very well.His mother Hannah was also an entertainer,a wonderful mimic.She had a sweet,charming voice.While they were not rich,the music hall provided the Chaplins with a comfortable living.
Unfortunately,happy life didn't last long.Father's alcoholism was slowly,but surely destroying his marriage.Finally it ended in divorce,but Hannah was strong.Without her,Charlie Chaplin would have become just one more child lost in the poverty of Victorian London.Somehow she managed to keep Charlie and his brother Sydney clean,warm and clothed.She would sit at the window watching the passers-by and guess their characters from the way they looked and behaved,making up stories to delight Charlie and Sydney.Charlie took in her skills and went on using them all his life.
Charlie had always believed,even in the worst times,that was something special locked away inside him.He took his courage and went to see one of the top theatrical agents.With no experience at all,he was being offered the little part of Billy--the pageboy in a new production of Sherlock Holmes opened on July 27,1903 at the enormous Pavilion Theatre.Charlie seemed to change overnight.It was as if he had found the thing he was meant to do.
In 1910,when karno set off on its yearly American tour,one of the best pantomine artists had ever seen him.They had reached Philadelphia when a telegram arrived and Charlie was offered the chance to replace a star in the keystone film company.
Cinema was born in the same year as Charlie thought people still believed it was a passing fad,and would never replace live shows.He was kept hanging about for several weeks and he used the time to watch and to learn.He was determined to master this new medium.It offered him the chance of money and success-and it would set him free from the noises of live audience.
Charlie's first film,shown in February 1914 was called “Making a living”.Though it didn't satisfy Charlie,the public liked it.After that he had made ten films and he had learned a lot.The public loved him and distributors were demanding more and more.Chaplin films.In an incredibly short time,Charlie had become a very important man is motion picture…
2.About Jokes
What is it that makes people laugh?More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined humous as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph by showing we're better than someone else in a certain way.According to Aristotle and many other philosophers,all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of persons-that is,putting it clearly,on showing that they are not as good as we are.Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves chiefly someone else's expense.
By showing how much better than other people we are is only one reason we like jokes.Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us.We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone slipping on a banana skin.The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable to society.This is probably the reason why some of the jokes,especially those involving cruelty or sex,are so poplular with certain people.
In addition,all jokes depend on our enjoy ment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because it's different from things which are happening around it.The same situation can be either sad or pleasant,depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is.If a girl in a bathing-dress falls into a swimming pool,we don't laugh because nothing unusual has happened.But if a man in smart suit falls in,the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh.A good joke-teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happdened,and so we laugh.
二、知識歸納
(一)with的用法歸納
(1)表示“和……一起”。
He is going to study English with me.
他要和我一起學英語。
He is staying with his uncle.
他和他叔叔住在一起。
(2)表示“一致；同意，同情”。
As to this point I cannot agree with you.
關于這點我不能同意你。
(3)表示“與……同時或同向，隨著”。
With these words he went out.
他說完這些話就出去了。
His earings increased with his power.
他的收入隨著他的能力而增加。
(4)表示“用……材料覆蓋、填充、裝飾、供應等”。
Fill the glass with wine.
把杯子倒?jié)M酒。
We are well provided with food and clothing.
我們吃得好，穿得好。
(5)表示工具、媒介，作“用……，以……”解，with在此種用法中可用于主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的句子中。
I dry my hand and face with a towel.
我用毛巾擦干手和臉。
(6)表示“具有、附有”之意，相當于“having”。
There was a box with a lid on the desk.
桌上有一只附有蓋子的盒子。
(7)表示“帶在……身上”，多用在bring,carry,have,take等動詞之后。
I have no money with me.
我身上沒有帶錢。
(8)表示關系，作“關于；對于……而言，在某人眼里”。
It is a custom with the Chinese.
那是關于中國人的習慣。
How are things with you?
你的近況如何？
(9)表示“狀態(tài)”。with在此種用法中，后面常與一抽象名詞連用，形成一副詞短語，其中大部分可等于一副詞。
He can read French with ease.
他能輕易地讀法文。
He swam across the river with difficulty.
他好不容易才游過河流。
(10)表示原因、理由，常作“因為、由于”解。
She was trembling with fear.
她因恐懼而發(fā)抖。
(11)表示“比較”，用在compare with或in comparison with的形式中。
His English cannot compare with mine.
他的英語比不上我。
(12)表示“對照、對比”常和contrast連用。
You may contrast this book with another one.
你可以把這本書和另外一本對照一下。
(13)表示“歸……照顧、管理、保存”。
Leave the child with its aunt.
把小孩留給他的姑媽照顧。
(14)表示“與……分離，放棄”。
She has parted with her car.
她已把她的車子賣了。
I parted from him at noon.
我中午和他分手。
(15)表示“不一致，敵對，反對”之意。
He argued with his father.
他和父親爭論--意見不一致。
They were at war with Germany.
他們與德國交戰(zhàn)。
(16)表示讓步，作“盡管、雖然”解，相當于“in spite of”。
With all his money,he is unhappy.
盡管他有錢，他并不快樂。
(17)表示“某一動作的附帶狀態(tài)”，常形成“with+obj.+補語”的句型。
I sleep with the windows open.
我開著窗睡覺。
He went out with his hat on.
他戴著帽子出去。
(18)與副詞連用形成“副詞+with+賓語”的感嘆句。
Off with your hat!=Take off your hat!
脫帽！
Down with your money.
交出錢來。
(二)關于“動詞+賓語+補語”結構
1.不定式作賓語補足語
(1)可用不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：
ask,beg,cause,expect,force,forbid,oblige,invite,order,permit,require,persuade,want,warn,call on,wait for等。
But he didn't invite her to have dinner with them.
(2)下列動詞后面跟不定式作賓語補足語時要省略to:have,let,make,hear,see,watch,notice,observe,listen to,lookat,feel等(help后帶不帶to均可)。
He listened to his mother climb the stairs.
Will you help me(to)repair my bike?
(3)另外下列動詞后面也可以用不定式作賓補：allow,drive,get,wish,hate,leave,like,set,teach等。
I'd like you to come and meet my relatives.
2.現在分詞作賓補
可帶現在分詞作賓補的動詞：
(1)feed,find,get,have,hear,keep,see,send,watch等。
The night before the procession,the two cheats had their lights burning all night long.
After an hour or two I felt the wind getting stronger.
(2)leave,observe,set,smell,listen to,look at等。
They went off together and left me sitting there.
3.過去分詞作賓補
可帶過去分詞作賓補的動詞：
(1)find,get,have,leave,keep,see等。
When the kings had the pyramids built for them,they perhaps never thought this would happen.
(2)hear,make,watch等。
Have you ever heard the song sung in English?
You must take yourself respected.
4.形容詞或名詞作賓補
除上面的非謂語動詞之外，還有少數動詞可以帶to be加形容詞作賓補，用來說明賓語的狀態(tài)或特征。
The Arctic Ocean is considered by some people to be a northern part of the Atlantic Ocean.
另外，find,think,know,believe,suppose等也可以如此用法。其中consider,find,think的賓補也可不用to be，直接用形容詞或名詞。
We found him(to be)dishonest.
They thought Mary(to be)the best singer in the class.
We know this to be a fact.
5.注意各種不同賓補的區(qū)分
(1)現在分詞和過去分詞作賓補的區(qū)別：現在分詞作賓補時，賓語和賓補有邏輯主謂關系。
Tom heard Mary singing in the next room.
而過去分詞作賓補時，賓語是后面過去分詞的承受者。
Jack wants to have his hair cut.
(2)不定式和現在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別：不定式作賓補時，賓語和賓補有邏輯主謂關系，并有將要發(fā)生的含義，而現在分詞作賓補時有正發(fā)生或已發(fā)生的含義。
Jack asked Tom to go to London with him.(to go含有將要發(fā)生)
Don't have horses running at the door?
(running表示正在或一直不停地跑)
Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
I heard someone knock(at the door)three times.
我聽見有人敲過三次門。
三、詞語辨析
(一)kind,sort,type
1.漢語中的“種”“類”意思相近而又有區(qū)別。英語中也一樣，kind,sort,type等用法相同又有區(qū)別。總的來說，kind和sort用法是相同的，只是kind較正式，sort則多用于口語和商業(yè)用語，另外，sort有時含有輕蔑的意味。type則指更為具體的東西，譯為“類型、型號、樣式”。
Do you know what type of blood is yours?
你知道你的血型嗎？
常見的表示種類的詞組有：a kind/sort of,this kind of,that kind of,all kinds of,many kinds of,different kinds of,various kinds of,等；of后面的名詞多用單數，且不用冠詞。如：a kind of flower,all kinds of bamboo.
2.說某一種類的東西常用of a kind的結構。
They are all of a kind,I like roses of this kind.
3.問種類常見的方法是：
What kind/sort of book do you like?
你喜歡哪類書？
What kind/sort of man is he?
他是哪種類型的人？
4.sort含有輕蔑的意味。如：
How did you get this sort of idea into your head?
你怎么想出這種主意來呢？
I'll do nothing of this sort.
這種事我不干。
5.a kind of car,a sort of car,a new type of car等都可以說，而type更側重外觀“式樣”，含“風格”的意思。
Her beauty was of another type.
她的美麗是另一種風格的。
(二)make fun of,play a joke on,laugh at,make fun of意思是“取笑，嘲弄某人”；
play a joke on sb.意思是“開某人玩笑、戲弄某人”;
laugh at sb.意思是“譏笑、諷刺某人”。
It's wrong to make fun of the blind.
取笑盲人是不對的。
We shouldn't play a joke on the cripples.
我們不應捉弄殘疾人。
Many scientists laughed at it.But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research.
許多科學家嘲笑這個理論，但是愛因斯坦堅持他的理論，繼續(xù)從事他的研究。
(三)be famous for,be famous as
這一對短語都表示“以……而出(著名)”，但含義與用法有區(qū)別。
(1)當主語是表示人的名詞時，be famous for表示“以某種知識、技能、作品或特征而出名”，而be famous as則表示“以某種身份而出名”。
He is famous for his great inventions.
因為他的偉大發(fā)明，他出名了。
He is famous as a great inventor.
他是出了名的偉大的發(fā)明家。
(2)當主語是表示地點的名詞時，be famous for表示“以某種特點(產品)而出名”，be famous as表示“以什么樣的產地/地方而出名”。
France is famous for his fine food and wine.
法國的美食和酒是出了名的。
The town is famous as a wine-producing place.
這個鎮(zhèn)是一個出名的產酒鎮(zhèn)。
(3)當主語是事物名詞時，be famous for表示“以其內容、特征、價值等而被人所知”,be famous as表示“以某種形式出名”。
This grammar book is famous for its practical usage.
這本語法書以其實用性而被人所知。
This book is famous as a conference book.
這本書是出名的參考書。
四、能力訓練
(一)用括號內所給單詞的同根詞填空。
1.我有個有趣的新聞，你可能沒有聽到。
I have an__________(amuse)piece of news you may not have heard.
答案：amazing
2.雖然他們知道這是一大筆錢，但確切的錢數大家還不知道。
The __________(actually)amount of money was not known though they knew it was large.
答案：actual
3.這是一個常用詞。
This is a __________(common)used word.
答案：commonly
4.我非常欣賞魯迅。
I have great__________(appreciate)of Lu Xun.
答案：appreciation
5.他英語說得很流利。
He could speak English__________(fluent).
答案：fluently
6.極冷的溫度使發(fā)動機不能運轉。
__________(extremely)cold will cause the engine to fail.
答案：Extreme
7.實際上首相管理政府。
The prime minister really__________(manager)the government.
答案：manages
8.足球場的長度是一百碼。
The __________(long)of the football field is one hundred yards.
答案：length
(二)短文改錯。改正劃線部分的錯誤。
Many years ago men attempted to fly like birds.At first they used wings which moved up and down like those of birds.These men always fail.Some fell to the ground and broke their legs.Some were kill.They did not understand that it is useless to copy nature exactly.Our engines and machines,most of that have wheels,is unlike anything in nature.Nature uses no wheels.Our cars have no leg.Our ships do not move as fish moves.And in the air nobody have ever been able to fly as a bird do by move wings up and down.We are too heavy and our arms is not strong enough.The aeroplanes of today has fixed wings and they have engine which are strong than the men who build them.
答案：fail→failed kill→killed that→which is→are leg→legs moves→move have→has do→does move→moving is→are has→have engine→engines strong→stronger
五、高考真題
1.(2001年上海春季)__________is no possibility__________Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A.There;that B.It;that
C.There;whether D.It;whether
簡析：選Ａ。此題考查There be和It be結構以及同位語從句的辨析。possibility后面部分表示它的內容，所以我們應理解為that引導的同位語從句。
2.(2000 上海)The__________boy was last seen__________near the East Lake.
A.missing；playing B.missing；play
C.missed；played D.missed；to play
簡析：選Ａ。本題第一空應用missing做定語，表示“丟失的”意思，第二空考查動詞-ing形式作賓補的用法，在feel,find,get,have,see等動詞之后，常接sb.+doing結構。
3.(NMET 2002)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see__________the next year.
A.carry out B.carring out
C.carried out D.to carry out
簡析：選Ｃ。本題考查動詞-ing形式和-ed形式作賓補的區(qū)別。賓補用現在分詞和賓語是主動關系；過去分詞和賓語是被動關系，此處賓語為that,即the plan和carry out是被動關系。
4.(NMET 2003)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found__________in the kitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking
C.to smoke D.smoked
簡析：選Ｂ。解釋同第2題。