Unit 8 First Aid-
教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1）了解在各種意外的緊急情況下的急救知識(shí).
2）練習(xí)用英語知識(shí)表達(dá)應(yīng)該做和不應(yīng)該做.
3)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用虛擬語氣.
4)寫一篇有關(guān)順序表達(dá)方式的短文.
教材分析:
本單元的中心話題是意外情況下的急救知識(shí),語言技能和語言知識(shí)主要圍繞急救著一中心話題進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的.
熱身(waimming up) 部分通過六幅圖片導(dǎo)入新課,讓學(xué)生針對(duì)這些圖片思考一些問題,你回怎么辦?該怎么辦?當(dāng)談?wù)撨@些意外的情況時(shí),你會(huì)想到哪些生詞,以激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。
聽力（listing ）提供發(fā)生在醫(yī)院里的情況，一個(gè)男孩腿部受傷，另一個(gè)是小女孩誤喝了墨水。教材設(shè)計(jì)了以筆記形式的問題填空和填缺詞，目的是訓(xùn)練學(xué)生通過聽獲取急救方面的信息
口語（speaking）部分繼續(xù)圍繞在家里如何確保家人的安全，應(yīng)該做，不應(yīng)該做。訓(xùn)練學(xué)生聽的能力。同時(shí)要求學(xué)生說出更多的句子，引發(fā)真實(shí)性的交際。
讀前（Pre-reading）設(shè)立了三個(gè)outline 供學(xué)生討論選擇。假如你想寫急救，你會(huì)選擇哪種提綱，學(xué)生可以各自表達(dá)自己的看法，為下面的Reading 打下伏筆。
閱讀（Reading）本文主要介紹急救的一些常識(shí)，DR ABC 利用人們記住著方面的知識(shí)。
讀后（post-reading） 呈現(xiàn)三幅圖片，要求用課文所學(xué)的知識(shí)說出圖中人物正在如何運(yùn)用急救知識(shí)救助傷員。
第二個(gè)問題是復(fù)述DR ABC 內(nèi)容
語言學(xué)習(xí)（Language study ）分詞匯和語匯兩部分，詞匯部分設(shè)計(jì)了五個(gè)情景，幫助學(xué)生加深對(duì)新詞匯的理解和記憶，同時(shí)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成通過語境記憶詞語的方法。第二題是一個(gè)故事，要求通過上下文語境內(nèi)容，選擇所給的詞語，加深所學(xué)知識(shí)。
語法部分是虛擬語氣，要求學(xué)生掌握對(duì)將來、現(xiàn)在、過去這三種情況的假設(shè)，還有虛擬語氣在賓語從句的用法。如suggest, recommend 等。這里有三大題：第一題：根據(jù)語境填上合適的虛擬語氣。第二題：用虛擬語氣連接句子。第三題：改錯(cuò)。
這些練習(xí)利于學(xué)生從理論到實(shí)踐，循序漸進(jìn)，利于學(xué)生比較牢固地掌握著部分的語法內(nèi)容。
綜合技能（lntegrating skills）
閱讀部分談如何處理animal, bites, burns, cuts, oisoning中如何進(jìn)行急救，同時(shí)進(jìn)行分組活動(dòng)。最后寫作部分，要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，寫出表示順序的短文。
學(xué)習(xí)建議（tips）提供如何做一個(gè)急救箱的內(nèi)容，為本單元的話題服務(wù)。
復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)：（checkpints）
復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語氣，要求學(xué)生造句，句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
Period 1 ( warming up and listening)
What happened to the girl ? What can we do to help her ?
What can we do to help her before the doctor comes ?
What do you already know about first aid ?
Step 1 warming up
Brainstorming: What words can you think of when you talk about accidents and first aid ?
Accident first aid ( drown, bleed, choke, burn/catch fire, cut, electrical, wound, unconscious, ambulance )
Pair work
Look at the pictures on Page 57
1. What would you do in these situations ?
2. What could we do to prevent these accidents ?
Drowning
Check to see if he/she is breathing, Try to start his/her breathing
Never swim in deep water.
Traffic accident
Call for a doctor or an ambulance, Never pull her out of the car
Find enough people to lift the car safely and take her to hospital at once.
Look at both side when crossing the street.
Burns
Call 119 first and tell them the exact
Address on the phone.
If someone is badly burnt, we should call 120 to ask for an ambulance.
Never play with fire. Be careful with gas. Make sure that all the electric wires are safe.
Bleeding
Try to stop the bleeding, Press a handkerchief onto the bleeding point and hold it there.
Hold up the part of body which is bleeding if possible.
Cuts
Go to the hospital at once . Never pull it out of the cut.
If the cut is not serious, we can wash the area of cut, dry it and cover it with a piece of dry and clean cloth.
Choking
Make him/her spit by patting her/him on the back..
To avoid this, we shouldn’t talk or laugh when eating.
Step 2 Listening
Pre-listening: Look at the pictures on Page 58
When are they ?
What do you guess has happened to the boy and the girl ?
Now read the requirements quickly and find out what to do .
While-listening: listen to the tape and finish the exercises on P58.
1. Listen to the tape. What happened to each child ?
Child 1 : _____________________________ Child 2 :_______________________________
2. Listen to the tape again and answer the questions.
Child 1 child 2
When did it happen ? Was any first aid given? If so what was given ?
3. Listen to the nurse’s questions in the first dialogue and write them down..
1) Can __________________________?
2) What’s ________________________?
3) What did you do ________________?
4) Does __________________________?
Post-listening :
Look at the pictures
1 . What would you do in these situations ?
2.What could we do to prevent these accidents ?
Period 2 Speaking
Nowaday, there are a lot of unexpected accidents. What would you do in such situations?
Task 1 . Discussion:
What should you do if you find ……
1) a person fall off the second floor ?
2) a person who has stopped breathing ?
3) a person whose leg is bleeding ?
What things at home can be dangerous ?
electrical equipment knives Electric fires hot water Poisons windows ladders
Task 2. Discussion:
How to prevent us from being injured at home ?
Electricity:
Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t touch them.
Cooking
If a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
Things in mouth:
Don’t leave small things on the floor or table which a baby can put in its mouth.
Poisons :
Don’t pour poisons into other containers, for example, empty bottles . keep them on a high shelf out of the reach of children.
What must you do if you are badly burnt?
Cool the area of skin at once . wash the area of skin under the cold tap of several minutes. Put a piece of dry clean cloth over the area of the burn.
How do you deal with a simple cut ?
Wash the area of the cut, dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth.
What should you do when a person is bitten by an animal ?
Wash the wound under cold running water, then see a doctor as soon as possible.
More advice
Gas fires : If you are using one of these, check that a window is open.
Water: Make sure that young children can not get close to pools, lakes and rivers by themselves
Ladders : Don’t use them on a wet floor. Get someone to hold the ladder for you. Don’t reach sideways while standing on a ladder. Get down first and move the ladder.
Additional advice
1. put away knives, forks, containers with hot water beyond the reach of children.
2. tell children not to play with matches, lighters. In short, tell them not to play with fire.
Don’t forget to phone 120 and 110 whenever necessary !
Task 3 work in pairs.
Use the lists of dos and don’ts below to tell each other what you should and should not do.
Safety around the house
Dos
A . make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t reach them.
B. if a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
C . make sure that everyone in your family knows how to call 110 and 120.
D. learn more about first aid.
Don’ts
A. Don’t put poisons into other containers, for example empty bottles.
B. Never leave small things a baby can put in its mouth on the floor or table.
C. Don’t play with electrical equipment.
D. Never use ladders on wet floor.
Useful expressions
You should always…. You must……Make sure that ……. You ought to/should…..
You have to ……You should not ………. You should never……..
You must never….. Never……….. Please don’t…………….
Task 4 . Talking
In China, 120 is the number to call when medical help is needed. Emergency line operators must always stay calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
Work in pair and use the role cards below to practise describing accidents and asking for help. Take turns being the eyewitness and the operator.
Eyewitness Operator
Description of accident :______________ what happened ?________
Number of people injured: _____________ who was hurt ? _________________
Type of injuries _______________ Was any first aid given? _______
Place _______________
The third period
Teaching aims:
1. improve the students’ reading ability.
2. help the students to master the new words and expressions.
3. Let the students know more about first aid.
If someone is badly hurt in a traffic accident, you should…/mustn’t….
Dos Don’t
Leave the person where she/he is. Move the person
Telephone for help
Tell the person not to worry carry tbe person
Tell the person to stay still let the person get up
Before the doctor comes, what is the most important ?
What is First Aid ?
First aid is the science of giving medical care to a person before a doctor can be found..
Look the outlines.
If you are asked to write a text about first aid, which of these outlines will you use ?
You may have a discussion in pairs and then I’ll ask some of you to tell us your opinion.
A B C
1. First aid is important 1. Learn how to give first aid 1. There are two types of first aid
2. Reason 1 2. First,…… 2. The first aid
3.Reason 2 3. Second,…. 3. The second type
4 Reason 3 4. Third, …… 4. Similarities and differences
Fast-reading
Which outline is used in the passage ?
What’s the topic of the paragraphs ?
Para. 1 First aid is very important
Para 2 The most important is to stay calm
Para 3-4 When we have to think fast, we must remember DR ABC to give first aid.
Para. 5-6 When we have checked the DR ABC we should give the first aid that is needed and call an ambulance.
Listen to the tape and answer the question.
Para. 1 First aid is very important
Why is first aid important in our daily life ?
Para 2 What is the most important thing to remember when dealing with an emergency ?
Para 3-4 What do the hospitals recommend ?
What do the letters DR ABC stand for ?
What are three important things ?
1. Check that the person can breathe .
2. If the person is not breathing , you must try to start his breathing at once.
3. If the person is bleeding badly, you must try to stop the bleeding .
Para 5 What should we do when we have checked the DR ABC ?
Para Can we do first aid correctly after reading this passage ?
Comprehension
1. By saying “ Second count in an emergency, ” the writer means _________.
A. time is important
B. you can count numbers by the second
C. time is life
D. to be calm down, in an emergency, just say numbers by the second
2. What should you do if you want to do first aid correctly ?
A. Learn with a teacher. B. Remember the letters DR ABC .
C. Stay calm D. All of the above
3. According to the passage , people in the accident _________
A. can be helped by anyone who’d like to do so
B. should be waken up as soon as possible
C. should be put in the recovery position when having been given first aid.
D. Can be given first aid even without checking the DR ABC
4. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the passage ?
A . DR ABC should be remembered
B Remembering the letters DR ABC is enough for first aid
C. Why first aid is important and what the letters DR ABC stand for in an emergency
D. What the letters DR mean
5. In the passage, the author seems to be ____________.
A. explaining the meaning of the letters DR ABC
B. telling us the importance of the first aid
C. giving some basic information about first aid
D. showing the importance of DR ABC
True or False
1. we can do nothing but call an ambulance or the police when someone is hurt
2. If you don’t know about first aid , never try to revive the wounded person.
3. We can check blood circulating only by looking for eye movement.
4. If the person is not breathing , we must start her breathing in ten minutes.
5. If a person is bleeding , make sure that the airway is clear and it is easy to breathe.
6. When the accident happens, go to save the wounded people immediately.
Post-reading
Look at the pictures on Page 60 . Use what you have learnt from the text to explain what the people are doing in the pictures.
Picture 1
The man is gently tipping the person’s head back to make sure that his airway is open and it is easy to breathe.
Picture 2
If a person is not breathing , we can use the mouth-to-mouth way to start his/her breathing. And this must be done within five minutes.
Picture 3
If a person is bleeding, we should cover the wound with a clean piece of cloth and press on the wound to stop the bleeding .
Part 2 Work in pairs. Use the letters DR ABC to tell your partner how to give first aid .
First, you should _________. Second , ________Third,_____Fourth,_______. Last,______.
Match the sentences
Situation measures
1. If the person is not breathing, A. you mustn’t move him . you must get help.
2 If the person is bleeding badly, B. you must try to start his/her breathing at once.
3 If the person loses one third of his blood C. You must try to stop the bleeding.
4. If someone is badly hurt, D. you should hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.
6. If the person can breathe weakly, E. Open the mouth and tale the food out at the back of the mouth if any.
Language points.
1. drown vt. Vi The man drowned in the river.
The man drowned himself in the river.
The great flood drowned many houses . a drowning man/a drowned man
2. prevent……from
The heavy rain yesterday prevented us from coming .
Prevent…from doing sth. =stop ..from doing =keep…from doing
3. upside down Hang upside down from a tree. The boy turned the room upside down.
4. Seconds count in an emergency. Every minute counts.
5. keep/ bear …in mind
Please keep these rules in mind. Keep in mind that the petrol can only last 2 hours.
6. panic vt In case of fire, don’t panic.
Get in a panic The crowd was in a panic. She phoned the doctor in panic.
7. calm adj. Vt It was a calm, cloudless day.
He always keeps/stays calm in an emergency. Please go to calm the patient.
8. respond to He didn’t respond to my question.
She hasn’t responded to treatment yet.
Response n. He made/gave no response to my question.
Her cries for help met with no response.
In response to He opened the door in response to a knock.
9. witness Did you witness the accident ?
witness to She witnessed to seeing that man take the money .
witness n. The police found the witness to the murder case.
He was a witness to the accident.
10. on the way Christmas is on the way . She is on the way to getting well.
He is on the way to success.
虛擬語氣
Language study (p61) word study
1. Fill in the blank with words in the text.
1) The front part of the body between the neck and the stomach is called the __________
2) To_________ is to make a loud ,long and sharp cry.
3) She shouted at me ,but I tried to keep _________an ignore her.
4) When a doctor takes a person’s__________,he usually puts his finger on the wrist to feel the heart beat.
5) A________is a large piece of woven material that people use to stay warm.
2.Read the following story and fill in the blanks with words form the box.
Bleeding response aid slightly would recovery rolling ambulancer
Peter was walking back home from school ,thinking about the class today .It was about giving on the ground.She seemed to be asleep, But Peter saw that her face was very pale .He walked upto the girl and called softly,”Miss?Miss” She moved_______,but gave no clear_______.He put his hand under her nose. Yes , she was still breathing. Then he suddenly saw that there was a________on her left leg,and blood was flowing out.She might have been hit by a car or a motorcycle.He knew what he should do mext .he dialed”120”and called a(n)__________.Whiling waiting for it,he took out his hand kerchief and tried to stop the ____.Then he put the girl in the ___________position by________her on to one side and placing her left upper arm under her chin.”she ‘ll be all right,”he thought when the ambulance arrived five minutes later.
P132 1 Fill in the blank with the wouds below.You may change the form if necessary.
Calm slight sudden witness loose panic bite tap
1)I staying________in an emergency and knowing what to do can mean the dillerence between life and death.
2)The middle-aged man died of a_________heart attack .His death shocked all his family.
3)A mouse _________the little boy on the arm when he tried to catch it.
4)They ran away in such a_________that they dropped their bags ane shoes.
5)Don’t worry about me .I’ve just got a_____________headache.
6) The sweeter does not fit you ;it is too___________.
7) A man who _______the accident said that the car was going at mearly 100 km per hour when it crashed.
8) Remember to turn off the _______after you wash you hands.
2 There is one error on each of the following sentences.Find and correct I
1) If we know more about giving the first aid ,we may help people in an emergency.
2) A drowned man is screarming for help in the river.
3) Knocked down by a car ,he was bled to death .
4) Help,the baby is choked on some candy!
5) My pen has run out inks .Can you lend me some?
6) She witnessed to the traffic accident and reported it to the mearests police station.
7) Where is the wound? Let me check them.
8) The car rolled over the bridge.Call for a ambulance!
3 Translate the following sentences into English
1) 這棟房子昨晚失火了，是小孩玩火引起的（catch fire ）
2) 我不相信你在讀報(bào)，因?yàn)槟惆褕?bào)紙拿倒了。(upside down)
3) 開車一定要小心。記住--任何一個(gè)小疏忽都有可能導(dǎo)致交通事故（keep in mind）
4) 這出戲是為了紀(jì)念那些火災(zāi)事故中遇難的消防隊(duì)員們。（in honour of）
5) 外出旅游時(shí)最好帶上手機(jī)，以防出現(xiàn)緊急情況。(in case of)
6) 購物時(shí)要想省錢又省時(shí)間，最好預(yù)先把要買的東西列在一張清單上。（a list of ）
7) 他翻過身，換了個(gè)舒服的姿勢(shì)。（roll over）
語氣是表示說話者對(duì)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，是一種動(dòng)詞形式。英語中的語氣有三種：
1、 陳述語氣（the Indicative Mood ）用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法。有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。
日本東鄰中國(guó)。Japan lies on the east of China.
魚兒離不開水。The fish is not alive without water.
2 祈使語氣（the Imperative Mood）用來表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。
不要者急。 Don’t be worry.
3 虛語語氣 （the subjunctive Mood）表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想、或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。
如果他在這兒，他就會(huì)同意我的意見。If he had been here ,he would have agreed with me.
我希望我能飛。I wish I could fly.
虛擬語氣的用法
一、 虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法。
條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆用陳述語氣。
你如果把油倒在水里，油就浮起來。Oil floats if you pour it on water.
假如明年我有錢，我就去日本。If I have enough money next year ,I will go to Japan.
非真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆用虛擬語氣。
條件從句的謂語形式 主語的謂語從句形式
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 If 主語+動(dòng)詞過去式 主語 +should/would/could/
might+動(dòng)詞原形
與過去事實(shí)相反 If 主語+had +動(dòng)詞過去
分詞 主語+should/would/could/
migh+have+過去分詞
與將來事實(shí)相反 If 主語+動(dòng)詞過去式
+should+動(dòng)詞原形
+were to +動(dòng)詞原形 主語+should/would/could
might+動(dòng)詞原形
1． 表示跟現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
要是我是你，我就會(huì)對(duì)他說實(shí)話。
If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth.
如果他有時(shí)間，他就會(huì)（可能）和你去。 If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you. 要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒有問題了。
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.
2 與過去的事實(shí)相反
從句的謂語用had＋過去分詞，構(gòu)成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語用should（第一人稱）/would（第二、三人稱）/could/might have ＋動(dòng)詞過去分詞。
如果你仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)， 這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的.
If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.有時(shí)間，我就會(huì)來看你的. If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.
昨晚如果假如受過良好的教育，他就不會(huì)表現(xiàn)成那樣。
He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education.
假如我的表不停，我就會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)的。If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.
3 與將來事實(shí)相反
從句的謂語用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋動(dòng)詞過去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句謂語用should（第一人稱）/would（第二、三人稱）/could/ might ＋動(dòng)詞原形。
假如他來了， 我們對(duì)他說什么呢？
If he were to come, what should we say to him.
假如他看見我， 就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。If he should see me, he would know me.
假如我們爬上山頂，我們能有一個(gè)好的視野嗎？
If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?
4 If從句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它們放在句首，與主語顛倒形成倒裝，但動(dòng)詞過去式不可以與主語倒裝。
如果他在，他會(huì)來幫助我們。Were he here, he would come to help us.
假如你剛才在這里，你就會(huì)遇見她。Had you been here just now, you would have met her.
假如我明天看見他，我就會(huì)告訴他關(guān)于這一切。Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.
假如你按照我說的去做，你就會(huì)成功。Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded.
5 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
如果他早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，他現(xiàn)在已到家了。If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.
假如我不忙，我家會(huì)來了。If I were not busy, I would have come.
假如你接受了我的意見，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好的多。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
6 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞由with, without, but for等。
What would you do with a million dollars?=if you had a million dollars
We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (＝if we hadn’t got your help)
But for rain(=If it hadn’t been for the rain), we would have finished the work.
7 含蓄條件句
有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段代替條件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副詞）
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（連詞）
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定語從句）
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）
二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法
1 在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。
（1）表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were）。
我希望知道這個(gè)問題的答案。I wish I knew the answer to the question.
但愿北京全年是秋天。I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.
她希望仍和祖母住在一起。She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.
（2）表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had＋過去分詞”。
我后悔不該花那么多錢。I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.
他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì)。He wishes he had not lost the chance.
（3）表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望：從句動(dòng)詞形式為“would＋動(dòng)詞原形”。
注意：主句的主語與從句的主要不能相同，因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿（非動(dòng)物名詞除外）。
但愿雨能停止。I wish it would stop raining.
但愿你立刻來。I wish you would come soon.
2 在一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）,兩個(gè)命令（order, command）,三個(gè)建議（ suggest, advice, propose）,四個(gè)要求（ ask,demand request, require）等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。
我建議馬上動(dòng)身。I suggest that we (should) set off at once.
學(xué)生們堅(jiān)持要多上英語課。The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes
3 在主語＋would (had) rather ＋that 賓語從句中，從句謂語用過去式表示虛擬形式。
我倒希望他們和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.
三、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法。
主語從句是It’s necessary (natural, important, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) ＋that時(shí)， 謂語的虛擬形式用 （should）＋原形動(dòng)詞或should＋have＋過去分詞來表示。
高中學(xué)生掌握一門外語很有必要。It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.
很遺憾他居然沒有在It is a pity that he should be absent today.
我們說話要有禮貌，這是很重要的。It is important that we should speak politely.
注意：有些過去分詞可以當(dāng)形容詞使用，在主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，常見的有：desired, demanded, requested, suggested,required等。
四、虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句的用法。
在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。其構(gòu)成是“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。
My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.
五、在It is (high) time (that)…的句型中，定語從句的虛擬形式常用過去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略），表示“現(xiàn)在該……”
我們?cè)撟吡恕t is time we left.
六、 if only…表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是“要是就好了”，相當(dāng)于主語＋wish。
要是今天是星期天就好了。If only it were Sunday today.
要是他幽默點(diǎn)就好了。If only he had a sense of humor.
七、由as if(as though) 或even though(even though) 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時(shí)，從句謂語形式為動(dòng)詞的過去式（be用were）或“had＋過去分詞”。
他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我式陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.
她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實(shí)看過一樣。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。
八、虛擬語氣用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 條件句中。
If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.
If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
九、虛擬語氣表示委婉語氣的句型中。
It would be better for you not to do that.
Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station.
十、 用于“may＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示“祝愿……”，may須置于句首。
May you succeed!
May you be happy!
P61 1Fill in the blanks with the words in brackets. You man change the form if necessary.
1 Our teacher suggested that we ____________(discuss) the question in groups of four.
2 If he had not made many mistake, he _________(pass) the test.
3 If you had gone to see the doctor earlier, you ________(fall) seriously ill.
4 If you had arrived at the airport ten minutes earlier, you ______(miss) the flight.
5 If you _______(be) here last night, you would have met the well-known cancer expert.
6 Someone recommended that the housing programme _______(carry out) soon after the conference.
7 If the little girl should take piano lessons, she _________(have) less free time.
8 If we had listened to her advice and brought a map with us, we_________(lose) our way.
9 If he ___________ (see) you yesterday, he would have told you.
10 If it were to rain tomorrow, we __________(go) for a picnic.
2 Join the pairs of sentence using the Subjunctive Mood.
1 The old man died of a sudden heart attack./ He was not sent to hospital in time.
2 The boy died of an electric shock./ He touched the electric wires.
3 The building had burnt down./ They did not fix the electric wires.
4 The woman was gas-poisoned./ She did not open the window while cooking.
5 The worker fell down the ladder and broke his leg./ He put the ladder on a wet floor.
6 The litter girl drowned./ She got too close to the lake.
7 The baby put small pieces of the toy in her mouth./ Her mother left them on the floor.
3 Find one error in each sentence and then correct it.
1 I don’t think it a good decision that he will be given this job since he has no experience at all.
2 If he didn’t choose to save the girl,he would not have died in the mountains.
3 If he hadn’t used his cellphone to make that SOS call, all the passengers on the boat would have left to die in the sea water, just like what happened to the people on the Titanic almost 100 years ago
4 If the poisoned girl was found two hours earlier, she could have been saved.
5 When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people turned off all power in their homes, streets and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.
Integrating skills (1) Dealing with common injures
What are common injuries ? Common injuries are accidents that easily happen at home . We may not be able to prevent them from happening , but everyone should know what to do if an accident happens.
Scanning
How many kinds of common injuries are mentioned in this passage ?
Animal, bites, burns, cuts, poisoning
Task 1
You are a doctor, tell your classmates how to deal with these 4 common injuries,Now please finish the following table.
Common injuries:
Animal bites: wash the wound with cold running water. See a doctor as soon as possible.
Burns: cool the area of skin, wash it under the cold tap,
cover the wound with bandge/clean cloth.
Cuts: wash the area of cut, dry it, cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth, stop bleeding
Poisoning: get him or her to breathe and spit out poison, call for an ambulance,
search for any poison.
Applications: What should you do in the following situations?
1. Your little brother is bitten by a big dog. First,……..
2. Your mother burned herself while she was cooking for you. Second,…..
3. You found your classmate with a knife in his leg. Third,…..
4. You found a person who has stopped breathing. Finally,……
5. You found a girl unconscious on the beach of the park.
Other common injuries.
How to deal with nose bleeding
1. stay calm
2. breathe through the mouth ,not the nose.
3. sit up and bend the head slightly forward.
4. Pinch both nostrils shut using a thumb and forefinger.
5. spit out any blood that collects in the mouth.
Sunburns
1. cool the burnt area with clean towels dipped in cool water.
2. test in a cool, quiet room. Find a comfortable position.
3. drink plenty of water.
4. put sunglasses on and cover sunburned skin when you go in the sun again so you don’t get burned more.
To remove a foreign object in the eye:
1. wash your hands.
2. twist a piece of tissue , moisten the tip with tap water, and gently try to touch it with the tip.
3. if the foreign object is under the upper lid, look down and pull the upper lid away from the eyeball by gently grabbing the eyelashes.
4. don’t rub the eye.
5. gently wash the eye with cool water.
Writing
Write a paragraph in which you tell your friends how to give first aid. Choose one of the accidents from the reading passage or from daily life.
What accident
How (basic steps) First,… second,/then… Finally,….
Tips to remember
Task 2 Making a first-aid kit
A first-aid kit is a box or bag of useful items and information that may be helpful in case of emergency. A well-stocked first-aid kit, kept in easy reach, is necessary in every room . It
Should include:
Bandage alcohol flashlight thermometer soap sharp scissors plastic gloves(at least 2 pairs)
Your list of emergency phone numbers…….
Homework (translation)
1. 如果我們?cè)诩野l(fā)現(xiàn)有人胳臂嚴(yán)重被切傷或砍傷怎么辦？首先我們必須止住血，然后為他找醫(yī)生，不能抬起或動(dòng)他。
2. 我們必須阻止小孩子誤食毒藥。
3. 你作為家長(zhǎng)，應(yīng)確保電線是安全的。
4. 他喪失知覺了，我們應(yīng)馬上叫救護(hù)車嗎？
Integrating skills(2)
First Aid Right And WrongRead the following descriptions of accidents on page 14
and decide what the rescuers did wrong.
situation What they did wrong
Car accident
Skate accident
Hotel fire
poisoning
Use what you have learned about first aid to list
what they should have done
WritingChoose one of the situations in the reading and
write a description. In the new description,
the rescuer should give first aid in the right way.