1. go ahead 進行、開始、往下說

The building of the new airport will go ahead as planned. 新機場的修建將按計劃進行。--- May I start now? --- Yes, go ahead. --- 我現(xiàn)在可以開始嗎？--- 可以，開始吧。

2. burn down 燒毀、燒掉

The angry people burnt down the church. 憤怒的人們燒毀了那座教堂。The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down. 先是床單著火，然后整個房子可能被燒毀。

3. give up 停止，放棄

Your idea is a good one. Don't give it up. 你的主意不錯，別放棄(千萬別寫成give up it)。 Don't give up your plan for trip. 不要放棄你旅行的計劃。

放棄做某事：give up doing sth. 如：He isn't in good health, so he has to give up playing football.

他由于身體不好，只能放棄踢球。

4. compare … with … 把…和…相比

My English cannot be compared with his. 我的英語不能和他的相比。There is nothing to compare with a nice cold drink when you get home after work.

把……比作（含有比喻意）常用compare … to… 如：The teacher is often compared to a candle.

我們經(jīng)常把老師比作紅燭。Girls are usually compared to flowers.

5. compared to/with … 與…相比

這個過去分詞詞組常用來作狀語：In the 16-19 age group, 32% of women smoke, compared to 28% of men. 在16歲至19歲年齡組里，有32%的婦女吸煙，而男人只有28%。

6. get (sb) into the habit of 促使某人養(yǎng)成某種習慣

I've got into the habit of getting up early. 我已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了早起的習慣。Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking. 尼古丁是一種使人吸上煙癮的毒品。掌握：改掉壞習慣 break off/up the bad habit / get rid of the bad habit 養(yǎng)成…習慣 build up / develop the habit of 有…習慣 have the habit of 養(yǎng)成良好的學習習慣 pick up good habits of study

7. be used to 習慣于（做）某事

I’m not used to the food here yet. / You’ll soon get used to living in the country. / When smokers who are used to nicotine go without it for an hour or two, they begin to feel bad. 那些對尼古丁上了癮的吸煙者，若一兩個小時沒有尼古丁，便感覺到難受。

go without 在沒有…的情況下勉強對付過去，如：One can't go without water and food. 不吃不喝就沒法生存。Father died, but the family had to go without him. 父親去世了，但一家人還得勉強過下去。

1. Do you mind if I smoke? 我可以抽煙嗎？Would you mind if I smoked in the office next door? 我可以到隔壁辦公室里抽煙嗎？

Do / Would you mind … 常用來表示“請求許可”的意思。句中的mind作“介意”，“反對”解，mind后可跟if從句或動詞的-ing形式。

Do you mind if I open the window? = Do you mind my opening the window? = Would you mind if I open the window? 我打開窗子好嗎？

[注意] 對這些問句的回答要特別注意。假如在答語里表示愿意，該說“Certainly”,或“Of course”或說“No” 。如表示不愿意，說“I’m sorry, but …”或“You’d better not…”或“I’m afraid…”等，如：Would you mind waiting for me a few minutes? Of course not.

2. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking. 每四個吸煙者當中就可能會有一個因吸煙而死亡。

chance在這里作“可能性”解。如：Chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.

新機器明天可能運到。 The chance is that about ten students in one hundred will pass the test.

每一百名學生中大約只有十人可能通過這個測試。有時可以用a chance來表示“一線希望”。如：There is a chance that the sick child will get well.這個生病的孩子還有希望好起來的。

chance還有“機會”的意思：Tom was waiting for a chance to introduce himself. I can explain everything if you'll just give me a chance. You really ought to be punished, but I'll give you one last chance.

3. That means that once you start taking the drug, it is hard to stop. 一旦吸上這種毒，你便難以戒掉。

once 引導的條件（或時間）狀語從句，一旦: Once you are used to smoking , you can hardly stop it. Once a war breaks out, I’ll join the army.

1. Every year, millions of smokers die because of illnesses which are caused by smoking tobacco. 每年有數(shù)以百萬計的人因為吸煙引起的疾病而導致死亡。 掌握cause的用法: What caused his illness? What caused him to change his mind?

2. People who smoke in bed often fall asleep while they are smoking. 躺在床上吸煙的人，經(jīng)常在吸煙的時候睡著了。

fall asleep 入睡: She always falls asleep when watching TV.

3. Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking cigarettes. 每年煙草公司必須設法使不吸煙的人開始吸煙。

固定搭配是 persuade sb. to do sth. 如：They persuaded me not to go out alone at night. 他們說服我晚上不要一個人出去。 The doctor advised Tom to give up smoking but he couldn't persuade him. 醫(yī)生勸湯姆戒煙但他沒能說服他。還可說 Don't let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don't really want.

4. This is because each year million of smokers die from the habit. 這是因為每一年有數(shù)以百萬計的癮君子死掉。

英語中的die原因分兩種，內(nèi)因和外因，die 后面的介詞也要用of和from分別表示。如：My grandpa died of hunger in the old days. 我爺爺在舊社會死于饑餓。死于饑餓是身體內(nèi)部的原因，類似還有死于干渴（thirsty）、悲傷（sadness）等，這些原因都用die of這個詞組；die from是死于外因，比如死于某種不良習慣(habit),受傷(wound),操勞(overwork), 事故(accident) 等，如：He died from explosion. 他死于爆炸。死于某種疾病，一般die of和die from都可以用。

5. In Britain, sales of cigarettes have been reduced by 30% in the last ten years. 在過去的十年里，英國香煙的銷售量下跌了30%。

這里by用來表示數(shù)量增減的程度。Production costs have been reduced by one third.　生產(chǎn)成本下降了三分之一。

6. Therefore, if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking. 因此，如果煙草公司想繼續(xù)保持營業(yè)的活，就得鼓勵年輕人開始吸煙。

這句話里 remain 做系動詞，意思是“繼續(xù)保持”，“仍然處于某種狀態(tài)”， 如：If you don't eat you'll just have to remain hungry. 你如果不吃東西，就得繼續(xù)挨餓（形容詞做表語）。Peter became a news reporter, but John remained a woodcutter.彼特成了新聞記者，而約翰還是一名筏木工人（名詞做表語）。I came back, but the door remained closed. 我回來了，可門還關著（過去分詞作表語）。remain無被動語態(tài)：After the fire , very little remained of my house.

7. The problem with tobacco is that it contains a drug called nicotine. 煙草的問題在于它含有一種叫尼古丁的毒品。

a drug called nicotine過去分詞做定語，通常放在名詞之后。如：illness caused by smoking 吸煙引起的疾病；the house burnt down in a big fire 在大火中燒毀的房屋；the bridge washed away by the flood 被水沖走的橋。

8. The body is calling for a new supply of the drug nicotine. 體內(nèi)要求補充能使人上癮的尼古丁。

call for 在本句中是“需要”的意思，如：Success in school calls for much hard study. 成績好就需要刻苦努力。This project calls for a lot of money. 這個工程需要大筆錢。這短語還表示：叫（某人），如：I'll call for you at your house tomorrow. 明天我到你家去叫你。

9. All they need is something to make them feel better at that moment. 他們所需要的只是某種使他們當時感到舒服的東西。

all后省掉了that而不是what或which.

10. One thing that will stop them feeling bad is the drug nicotine, which is contained in cigarettes. 有一樣東西會使他們不感到難受，那就是使人上癮的尼古丁，它含在香煙之中。

當你看到長句子時，要耐心找出主句，然后再劃分出它們的修飾成份。掌握contain的用法 (to have something inside, or have something as a part): He opened the bag, which contained a notebook and a pen. / The letter contained important information about the new equipment.

11. population 這個詞常考，所以一定要特別注意。表達人口的多少我們不用many或few,而用large表示人口“多”，small表示人口“少”，如：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Nanjing. 上海的人口比南京的多。提問有“多少人口”時也不說How many 而應該說 What 或 How large. 如: What's the population of your city? 你們這座城市有多少人?

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

That he is still alive is sheer luck.　他還活著全靠運氣。(主語從句)

John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.　約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。(賓語從句)

The fact is that he has not been seen recently.　事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。(表語從句)

The point is whether we should lend him the money.　問題在于我們是否應該借錢給他。(表語從句)

I have no idea when he will return.　 我不知道他什么時候回來。 (同位語從句)

The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。(同位語從句)

In this unit I have learned to say in English:

I、Useful Expressions:

照料病人 著火

全世界香煙的三分之一 燒掉

勸某人戒煙 與……相比

鼓勵某人做…… 引起重病

要求補充 養(yǎng)成早上聽新聞廣播的習慣

習慣于…… 吸毒

II、Sentences:

1.目前中國大約有38%的人吸煙。

2.每四個煙民中就有一人可能因吸煙而死去。

3.在過去十年來，在英國香煙銷售量下降了30%。

4.他們所需要的是某種可以使他們當時感到舒服的東西。

5.已變壞的食物對身體有害。

6.我們應設法不讓孩子玩火。