U7-U8 (S.B.I)
2. a number of / the number of
a number of 意為“一些；許多”，相當于many，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞．它所修飾的名詞作主語時，中心詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式．
the number of 意為“……的數(shù)量；號碼”．當它與后面的名詞連用時，中心詞的the number，如果用作主語，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)．
用 a number of / the number of 填空
1. Do you know ____ number of my telephone?
2. ____ number of trees planted in our village is never under 200 every year.
3. We have lived here for ____ number of years.
4. ____ number of jobless people grows in the countryside at present.
5. ____ number of students are playing football on the playground.
6. ____ number of students in our class is 70.
5. cut off / down / up / through /cut off a. 切斷,阻斷
If you cut off the supply of water and electricity, we can do nothing but give in.
b. 停止,中斷...的(電話)通話
He cut off her rudely. We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation.
c. 切掉,砍掉 He had a finger cut off by a machine
cut down 砍掉,切掉; 減少(數(shù)量等) cut down expenses 減少開支
cut up 切碎,剪碎 cut up meat 將肉切碎
cut through 剪斷; 刺(鑿)穿; 抄近路穿過
The tailor cut through the cloth by mistake.
They had to cut through the mountain to make a railway here.
Cut through this alley(胡同). It will save time
cut out 刪除，戒掉cut in 插嘴， 突然插入
1. We must _______________ our expenses.
2. We were for _____ ________ the cost of production.
3. Let’s ______________ the unimportant details.
4. They were then almost completely _____________ from the outside world.
5. He often _________________ with a few remarks while we were discussing the problem.
6. I’m _______________ this pile of wood ________.
7. The army was called in to ________________ the fallen trees.
6. stay 的用法 stay up : a. 挺住、站住、不倒
This is the only building that stayed up in the earthquake.
b. 熬夜、不睡 He stayed up all night, preparing the papers
stay away (from sb.): 保持距離、不打擾 Tell him to stay away from my sister
stay in: 呆在家不出去 The doctor told me to stay in for a few days.
stay out: 呆在外面 I don’t like you staying out so late.
stay ahead: 領(lǐng)先、占上風(fēng)stay behind: 留在后面
The teacher asked him to stay behind after class.
stay with: 與……呆在一起；繼續(xù)使用 Please stay with me a little longer.
7. 表示倍數(shù),分數(shù)時使用的句型 a. 倍數(shù)/分數(shù)＋ as ＋ adj./adv. ＋ as
b. 倍數(shù)/分數(shù)＋比較級(adj./adv.)＋than c. 倍數(shù)/分數(shù)＋the size (length, depth,
height, weight ...)＋of He runs three times as fast as she.
This problem is ten times easier than that one. This room is twice the size of that one.
1. The room is half the size of that one. It was 25% cheaper than the market price.
2. I have two-thirds as many as you.
8. what 和 how 引導(dǎo)感嘆句
what + (a) +adj. +n. what + n. how + adj. + a(an) +n. how + adj. / adv.
What a clever boy (he is)! How clever a boy (he is)!
What fine weather we have had these days! How hard he has worked in the past two weeks
as / like
① 用作介詞時，as 側(cè)重于同一性，意味著屬于同一類或完全相似；like 側(cè)重比較，不意味著屬于同一類或完全相似。
He speaks English as an Englishman. He speaks English like an Englishman
② 當與系動詞 (be, look, seem 等)連用作表語時，要用like；而在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)如(as follows, as a whole, as usual, as you know, 等)只能用 as，不能替代。
① She is a fine singer, ________ her mother used to be.
② It looks ______ a stone.③ _______ you know, he got into lots of bad habits.
④ You are just ________ what I expected.⑤ He ought to do __________ I tell him.
11. room
room: a. 房間(可數(shù)名詞) -roomed : adj. a ten-roomed house
b. 空間(不可數(shù)名詞) There was room in the bus to stand but not to sit.
This table takes up too much room. There is no room for doubt. 沒有懷疑的余地
make room for … 為…騰出地方（位置） space: a. 表空間(同room)
b. (二物或多物間的)間隔距離(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))
the spaces between printed words separated by a space of ten meters
Put as much space as possible between the lines.
12. prepare / prepare for / get (be) ready
1. get (be) ready 意為“準備好”，強調(diào)準備的結(jié)果，常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
get ready for sth. get sth. ready be ready for sth. be ready to do sth. (準備干某事，樂于干某事)
2. prepare 意為“準備”，強調(diào)準備的動作與過程，賓語是這一動作的承受者。某后還可接雙賓語，還可接不定式。
3. prepare for 意為“為……做準備”，for 的賓語不是動作的承受者，而是表示準備的目的，即所要應(yīng)付的情況。
prepare常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有： prepare sth. 準備某物（事）prepare sth. for sth. 使……為……做好準備prepare to do sth. 準備做某事prepare for sth. 為某事做準備
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人對某事有思想準備be prepared for sth. 準備好應(yīng)付某事
1. Mother was busy __________ us lunch in the kitchen when I got home.
2. The doctor told the nurses to ____________ the operation at once.
3. We ____________ to do anything for the people.
4. Will you help me ____________ the party?
5. Please ____________ by seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
6. The teacher is ______________ the exam.
7. The students are ______________ the exam.
8. Will you __________ her for the bad news that is coming?
13. 由 turn 構(gòu)成的幾個短語和句型
① take turns ( at sth. ): 輪流做某事
Mary and Henry took turns at looking after their sick mother.
② by turns: (指人, 團體)輪流地, 依次地
She went hot and cold by turns. They laughed and cried by turns.
③ in turn: (指兩人)輪流地; (指三人)一個接一個地,接連地, 依次
They were ordered to see the teacher in turn
④ out of turn:在規(guī)定時間之前或之后不按順序
You mustn't speak out of ( your ) turn.
⑤ It’s one’s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事
Now it’s your turn to read the text.
17. one / ones / that / those
① one 代可數(shù)名詞，指非限定的一個。
I’d like a cake made by my mother, not one bought at a shop.
He’s not one to bow before difficulties.如果指限定的一個則用 the one。
Our hotel is the one nearest the sea. The boy who threw the stone is the one with fair hair.
② that 代不可數(shù)名詞。The weather here is warmer than that in Beijing
③ one 可代人或物，that 只能代物。
A student who studies hard has more chances to succeed than one who doesn’t.
④ ones 和 those 代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
The machines are better than those/ the ones we turned out last year.
18. discover / invent / find out
discover: 發(fā)現(xiàn)原本存在而未被人所知的東西 Columbus discovered America in 1492.
discover還作“發(fā)現(xiàn)某種情況”講,后面可接名詞,代詞,復(fù)合賓語和賓語從句.
invent: 意指創(chuàng)造客觀形式世界上從未有過的新事物 "發(fā)明"
Edison invented lots of new things in his life.
find out: 通過努力而發(fā)現(xiàn)事實的真相,查明...,
They wanted to find out what on earth was the matter.
用 discover / invent / find (out) 填空
1. Electricity wasn’t __________ by Edison, but he _________ the electric light.
2. Have you __________ the bike you lost last week?
3. We ___________ her to a good doctor.
4. This kind of machine was __________ many years ago.
19. ever before / ever since / ever after
ever before:在以往任何時候,語氣強于before He works harder than ever before.
ever since: 從那以后,語氣強于since, I have known him ever since he was a baby.
ever after意思同ever since，區(qū)別是 ever since 用于現(xiàn)在完成時；ever after 用于一般過去時。
用 ever before / ever since / ever after填空
① The flowers grow more beautiful than ____________.
② I haven’t written home _____________ Christmas.
③ I have known her ___________ she was a baby.
④ They lived happily ___________.
⑤ I lost my money and I have been worried _____________.
20. sound / noise / voice
1. Sound 指各種聽得見的聲音，這種聲音可以是悅耳的，也可以是不悅耳的；
2. Noise 指各種“噪音、響聲、喧鬧聲”；
3. Voice 指人的說話聲、歌聲或笑聲，也可以指鳥鳴聲，也可以用于比喻。
4. I heard a strange ________ in the next room.
5. She listened to the low, sad __________ of the sea.
6. The manager must be in the next room. I heard his __________.
7. Don’t make such a ___________.
8. The _______ from that factory makes it difficult for me to go to sleep.
9. _______ travels fast, but light travels faster. The baby cried at top of his _________.
21. not … but …
She isn’t at school but at home today. He didn’t do any work today but played all day.
試比較下列兩個句子
Not he but you are to blame for this accident. No one but you is to blame for this accident.
21. as many as / as much as
As many as 意為“多達……, ……之多”，常用于人或物的具體數(shù)量前，結(jié)構(gòu)為：
As many as + 數(shù)詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞；
As much as 常用在“雨量、水量、時間量、重量、價格”等方面，表示“總量”和“單位量”的大小，結(jié)構(gòu)為： as much as +數(shù)詞+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
試比較：…倍數(shù) + as many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + as ;…倍數(shù) + as much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + as
用 as many as / as much as填空
1. __________ 250,000 people lost their homes in the earthquake.
2. The rain is plentiful here, often _________ seventy inches a year.
3. At the job, she could earn _____________ eighty dollars a week.
4. The civil war in the country lasted _____________ 16 years.
23. alone 與 lonely
① 詞性：alone 可以作 adj. 和 adv; lonely 只能作adj.
② 用法：作形容詞時，alone 只能作表語或賓補不能作定語；lonely 可以作表語和定語。alone不能用very 修飾，而要說much alone 或very much alone。
l 詞義：作表語時，alone 的意思是“獨自一人”指的是客觀情況；lonely 的意思是“寂寞”指的是主觀感覺。
m 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：leave / let sb. / sth. alone 聽任、不打擾； let alone 更不用說
1. He feels ___________ though he has two brothers.
2. The old man lives in a _________ house in the forest _________.
3. When he woke up, he found himself _____ in the room.
4. Though he is ________ at home he doesn’t feel _______, for he has many things to do.
5. The baby can’t walk; let ________ run.
6. Leave the machine ______. It’s dangerous
改錯
1. What he said was sounded true.
2. Our water supply was cut down for a day.
3. Please wait in a while, we’ll be here soon.
4. Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky one were not hurt.
5. Weak buildings will drop down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
6. Take turn to carry water.
7. Corn was not the only food which was taken to Europe.
8. Early Europe travellers took many new seeds to their own countries.
9. He ran through the road.
10. Mother can prepare food by many different ways.
Translation
1. 正當我考慮去哪兒弄這么多錢準備這次旅行時,我姐姐主動提供幫助我。
2. Benjamin Franklin發(fā)現(xiàn)了電,而電燈是由Edison發(fā)明的。
3. 這車子很擠了,但我想我們能夠再擠出 一個人的空間。
4. 自從上星期來,學(xué)生們就一直在忙于準備即將到來的考試。
5. 如果世界人口繼續(xù)這樣增長的話,地球上將只有站立的地方了。
6. 竹子可被制成多種有用的產(chǎn)品。7. 這湯的味道多好啊!我想再來一碗。
8. 唐山地震發(fā)生于1976年7月28日凌晨3 點多，幾乎所有的建筑物頃刻間毀于
一旦，只有極少一部分留了下來，許多人變得無家可歸；許多人在這場地
震中失去了生命。因為天氣炎熱的緣故，一場嚴重的疫病襲擊了當?shù)氐娜?/p>
們。幸運的是在黨和政府的幫助下，很快地建起了一座新的現(xiàn)代化的城
市。自那以后，唐山再沒發(fā)生過如此慘重的地震。
Unit 9-10
6. thanks to 幸虧,由于
I am well again, thanks to the doctor.
Thanks to John's help, we finished the work ahead of time.
Thanks to the bad weather, our journey was very uncomfortable.
◆ 作“由于”用時，其意與 because of;
owing to; due to 相近。
thanks to 中的 to 是介詞。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：
stick to lead to
get down to devote…to…
get used to due to
add to turn to
get close to refer to
look forward to come to …
9. time 短語:
at one time 從前; at a time每次,一次;
at times (=from time to time; now and then); at all times (= always) for a time 一段時間
behind time 遲,晚;落后,拖欠;
in no time立即; at no time 任何時候都不
in time及時 on time 準時; all the time 一直; at the same time同時; ahead of time提前
time and time again (一次又一次);
◆He went up the stairs two at a time.
◆The train is ten minutes behind time.
◆I go to see my parents at times.
◆Without your help, we couldn't have
finished our work ahead of time.
1. In class, you should listen to your teacher ____________ but not ____________.
2. We were good friends ___________, but aren’t now.
3. Please give me two books _____________.
4. We couldn’t say who came earlier. They almost arrived _______________.
5. You should ____________ waste your time playing computer games.
6. He was a professor of a university in Beijing ____________. Now he studies in America.
10. although，though，as
a. although conj. 雖然 (= though) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，與 in spite of 同義。
注意: 1. in spite of 后接n. 或 pron.
In spite of his old age, he still works very hard.
2. 不能用Although ( Though)..., but...
應(yīng)該用 Although / Though…, yet…
或： …, but…
*. Though we all felt tired, yet none of us wanted to stop to have a rest.
b. though adv. 然而。常用在句末, 用","隔開( although 無此用法)，另外在 even though (=even if); as though (=as if)結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用although
He said he would come; he didn't, though.
I like her even though she can be annoying. c. though 盡管, 與as一樣常用在倒裝句中.
Young though/as he is, he knows a lot.
(= Though/Although he is young, he knows a lot.)
Hero as / though he is, he is never proud.
(= Though/Although he is a hero, he is never proud.)
① ____________________ it was snowing, it
was not very cold.
② Strange _______________ it may seem, he
remained single all his life.
③ Child _________________ he is, he draws
pictures very well.
④ I’ll keep on trying, even __________ I fail.
⑤ It was very hard work; I enjoyed it,
_________.
⑥ There is no excuse, _________, for hurting
her feelings.
⑦ She speaks as _______ she was a foreigner.
11. take up
a. 占(時間,空間等)
The piano takes up too much room.
b. 拿起 “Take up your gun and shoot at the
enemy,” ordered the officer.
c. 從事(斗爭), 進行(新課等)
Even in prison, he wrote songs to call on
the workers to take up the struggle.
Now, let's take up the new lessons.
由take構(gòu)成的常用短語：
take off; take on ( a new look); take place;
take the place of; take one's place;
take charge ( of ); take steps ( measures );
take... by surprise; take ( no ) notice of
14. sport / game / play / race
這些詞均屬于體育運動范疇，但具體用法和含義不盡相同。其中 play 為一般用語，無特殊含義，如 table tennis, football 等都可看作 play 中的一種運動。Sport 指戶外游戲或運動，限于體力鍛煉，包括娛樂性的活動， 如：hunting, boating 及競賽類的 running 等。而 game 指有一定規(guī)則的，雙方競爭的游戲或運動，既可指體力的，也可指腦力的，如 basketball, chess 等。race 專指（速度的）比賽、賽跑等。此外，sport 和 game 還可以指“運動會”，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
the sports meeting; the Olympic Games
16. take part in
take part in the sports meet ( a competition, physical labour, activities...)
但: take an active part in積極參加(part 前有adj. 時,須加不定冠詞)
辨析: take part in 指參加到某一活動中去；
join: 加入某組織成為其中一員(= become a member of)；
join (sb. ) in: (伴隨...) 一起參與...；
attend: 參加(會議,聽課等)
Would you like (和我們一起散步)?
His father (參軍) 30 years ago.
That old man ( 參加 ) the Long March.
If I had had time I __________________ (參加) your birthday party yesterday.
18. win / beat
beat 的賓語只能是表示人的詞或一個集體, “在比賽; 戰(zhàn)斗; 爭論”中擊敗某人應(yīng)說
beat sb. in ….
win 作“贏”解時,其賓語通常是 war; battle; game; match; argument; medal 等,不能是表示人的名詞
1. They do their best to _______ medals.
2. We _______ their team by 10 points.
3. Jim _______ Tom by a yard and ______ the race.
4. Do you know who ______ the Nobel Prize for physics in 2002?
19. opinion 的用法
① in one’s opinion （據(jù)…看來）
In the opinion of the most people, he did right in this matter.
② one’s opinion of (某人對…的觀點和看法)
What’s your opinion of our English teacher?
③ have a good / high / low / poor opinion of…
= think well / highly / badly / poorly of…
20．打電話的幾個常用句型：
telephone / phone (to) sb.
call / ring sb. (up)
make a telephone call to sb.
give sb. a ring / phone call
21. bring down 與 go down
兩者都可以指價格等方面的下降，但 go down 為不及物動詞短語, 不要用于被動，其反義詞組為 go up； bring down 為及物動詞短語,可以用于被動，其反義詞為 bring up。如：
We should do everything to bring down the price.
The price has gone down.
1. I believe the prices might __________ next week. We can buy some cheap ones then.
2. Can you get them to __________ the price? We can’t sell at such a low price.
3. The government should take measures to __________ the price of petrol. It’s too high.
4. After the rain, the river keeps ___________.
5. It is too hot these days. I hope the temperature will ____________ soon.
22. change for / with / into
1. Change for … 意為“向……方面轉(zhuǎn)化”; change A for B意為“把A調(diào)換為B”, 有時A可以省略。
change with … 意為“隨同……改變”; change … with sb. 意為“和某人交換” 。
A change into B 意為“A變化為B”; change A into B 意為“把A變成B”; change into 還可以表示“換上(衣服)” 。
① The weather is changing ______ the better.
② Times change and we should change _____
them.
③ Will you change seats ______ me?
④ He changed his camera ______ a television
set.
⑤ Ice changes _____ water rapidly on hot days.
Change the following sentences _______
negative forms.
pHe changed _____ another driving suit.
23. learn / study
learn 表示學(xué)習(xí)的初級階段或帶有模仿、實踐的學(xué)習(xí)過程，study 表示高深的鉆研、研究過程。另外還需要注意以下幾點：
◆ 漢語中“努力學(xué)習(xí)”不能說 learn hard, 而要說study hard; 而英語中的 learn sth. well 也不是“好好學(xué)習(xí)…”，而是“把…學(xué)好”或“把…學(xué)會”。如：She learned fast and well.（她學(xué)得又快又好。）
◆ “向…學(xué)習(xí)…” “從…學(xué)到/得知…”必須用 “l(fā)earn… from…”
① She is ___________ to drive a car.
② The subject he _________ was chemistry.
③ Why don’t you _______ from my mistake?
④ --- What is he ___________ there?
--- Law. He is a law student.
⑤ The old and the young should _________
from each other.
24. complete / finish / end
complete 有 adj. 和 vt. 兩種詞性，而 finish只能作動詞。作動詞用時，complete 與finish 的主要區(qū)別有：
◆ complete 后只接名詞或代詞，finish 后可接名詞、代詞和動名詞。
◆ complete 常用于完成預(yù)定的任務(wù)、工程、建設(shè)等；finish 是一般用語，用于完成日常活動，著重指圓滿結(jié)束已著手的事情。
◆ finish 可表示“吃完、喝完”，complete不能。
◆ complete 只作vt. 而 finish 可作vt. &vi.
end 既可作 vt. 也可作 vi.。主要用來表示“結(jié)束” “終止”某項活動，而不管這一活動是否達到所希望的結(jié)果；它還常與 with / in / by 等連用。
① The term will _________ in July.
② When can you ___________ reading this
novel?
③ They haven’t ____________ the house yet.
④ They ___________ the evening with a few
songs.
⑤ We started off immediately after we had
____________ our lunch.