1. quality: n.質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)，特點(diǎn)
(1) He has all the qualities of a successful business man.
(2) Quality is more important than quantity.
(3) One quality of wood is that it can burn.
作質(zhì)量講，不可數(shù)，作品質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)講，可數(shù)。
2. loyal: adj. 忠誠(chéng)的，忠貞的，與to 連用
be loyal to …對(duì)……忠誠(chéng)
eg. (1) They are loyal supporters.
(2) He is loyal to his country.
3. argue v. 討論 argument n. 討論
argue against / with sb.
argue about / on sth.
eg. It is useless trying to argue with him about it.
4. like / love/ enjoy/ be fond of…
(1) like/ love 可接to do，也可接doing。有所區(qū)別。
eg. I like playing football, but I don’t like to play it today.
(2) enjoy / be fond of 后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
eg. He doesn’t enjoy singing.
I am fond of dancing.
Are you fond of ice cream?
Everyone here is fond of her.
5. be into sth. 在非正式英語(yǔ)中，該短語(yǔ)表示“對(duì)……深感興趣”，“深深迷上……”
eg. Her two children are into art.
6. 句型：So+ be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
表示前面所說(shuō)的肯定情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物，如果表示表示前面所說(shuō)的否定情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物，則把句型中的so換成neither或nor。
eg. (1) My brother is a student, so am I.
(2) I have never been to Macao, neither/nor have I.
[注意1] 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的“be/ 助動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”的選擇要和前一句保持一致。如果上一句中的動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞，則so后用助動(dòng)詞do的適當(dāng)形式。
eg. (1) I can swim. So can him.
(2) He is a teacher. So am I.
(3) Tom finished his homework. So did Betty.
[注意2] 當(dāng)前面的句子有幾種不同形式的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，要表示同樣的情況，必須用下列句型： So it is with…或 It is the same with…
eg. (1) She doesn’t like play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with her sister.
(2) He is a teacher, he teaches English. It’s the same with his wife.
[區(qū)別1] So + 主語(yǔ)+ be/ 助動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)前面或?qū)Ψ剿f(shuō)的情況的肯定、贊同。翻譯成“確實(shí)如此”。
eg. (1) –You have been late again.
--Oh, so I have.
(2) –We all worked hard.
-- So we did.
[區(qū)別2] 主語(yǔ)+ do+ so
這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示指按照上句的要求做了。此處的do so代替上文中要求做的事情，以免重復(fù)。
eg. My teacher told me to hand in my homework and I did so.
[練習(xí)]
(1) You are interested in English .____.
A. So do I B. I am so
C. So am I D. So I am
(2) Tom doesn’t like Chinese food. ____.
A. Betty does so B. So does Betty
C. Nor does Betty D. Neither Betty does
(3) Tony’s father is honest and works hard. _____.
A. So is Tony B. So does Tony
C. Tony is so D. It’s the same with Tony
(4) My brother likes tea, but doesn’t like coffee. _____.
A. So do I B. Neither do I
C. I am the same D. So it is with me
(5) If you go to the seaside for your holiday, _____.
A. so do I B. so shall I
C. so am I D. I shall so, too
(6) If you don’t stop to rest, _____.
A. neither will they B. they neither will
C. neither do they D. so do they
(7) --You left your key at home when you went out.
-- Good heavens. _____.
A. So did I B. So I did
C. I did so D. Never did I
(8) I asked him to open the window, and _____.
A. he did so B. so he did
C. so did he D. It is the same with him
(9) –What has Tom been doing recently?
-- I don’t know, _____ care.
A. nor I do B. nor do I
C. neither am I D. neither I am
(10) –David has made great progress recently.
-- _____, and _____.
A. So he has; so you have
B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you
D. So has he; so you have
(11) –I was told you telephoned me yesterday.
--_____.
A. So I did B. So did I
C. So you did D. So did you
(12) – It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
-- My God! _____.
A. So did I B. So I did
C. So were you D. So did you
答案： (1) C (2) C (3) D (4) D (5) B
(6) A (7) B (8) A (9) B (10) B
(11) A (12) B
7. crash vi. 猛撞，撞毀
vt. 使……猛撞，撞毀
n. (汽車) 撞車事故，（飛機(jī)）失事
eg. (1) A plane crashed near the South Pacific, killing 24 passengers on board.
(2) Last night he was so drunk that he crashed his car into the iron railings.
(3) We survived although others died in the air crash.
8. desert n. 沙漠
v. 遺棄、拋棄、脫離
eg. He was so selfish that all his friends have deserted him.
Many people deserted the city before the war broke out.
deserted adj. 被遺棄的，無(wú)人的
eg. deserted island, deserted street
9. alone 與lonely
alone: adj. “獨(dú)自一人的”表示客觀狀態(tài)，無(wú)感情色彩。只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)。
adv. “獨(dú)自、單獨(dú)”
[注意] alone 用在名詞或代詞后面的時(shí)候表示“只有(only)”
lonely: adj. 表示人“孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的”； 表示地方“荒涼的，人煙稀少的”，有感情色彩。既可做定語(yǔ)，也可做表語(yǔ)。
eg. (1) I am alone, but I don’t feel lonely.
(2) Chuck lived alone on the lonely island for five years.
(3) We have no idea why he left the company. Tom alone knows the secret.
10. in order to 與so as to
in order to …引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)，意思為“為了”。有時(shí)可省略in order，直接用不定式表示目的狀語(yǔ)。它的否定形式是in order not to do。可與so as to替換。
eg. (1) He hurried through his homework (in order) to play football with other boys.
(2) He left early in order not to be late for school.
[注意1] in order to 可放在句首，而so as to不可以。
[注意2] in order 還可以帶不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)for sb. to do。
eg. He stepped aside in order for me to pass.
[注意3] in order that 和so that 引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句。
11. even though (even if ) “即使，縱然”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
eg. We can’t get the work done even if we stay up all night.
[注意] even, if, though, as if, as though與其的區(qū)別
12. share v. 分享， 共同負(fù)擔(dān)
可構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu)：share (in ) sth.
share sth. (out ) among/ between sb.
share sth. with sb.
eg. (1) We share the same room.
(2) True friends share in your sorrows as well as your joys.
(3) The teacher shared the books among the students.
(4) I will shall the cost with you.
(5) She shared the news with her mother.
n. 一份， 份額
eg. I take my share of the cost. 我負(fù)擔(dān)我那部分的費(fèi)用。
13. survive vi. 活下來(lái)
vt. 經(jīng)過(guò)…仍然活著
eg. Some animals can survive in the desert on little water.
Only a few soldiers survived the battle.
The old lady has survived all her children.那個(gè)老婦人所有的孩子都先她而去了。
survive的名詞形式是survival。
eg. His survival is still uncertain.
14. should have done
該結(jié)構(gòu)是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示本應(yīng)該怎么樣，卻沒(méi)有。它的否定形式是shouldn’t have done, 表示本不應(yīng)該怎么樣，卻做了。
eg. (1) –The fish has gone bad.
-- You should have kept it in the regrigerator.
(2) You shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night.
15. as many as與as much as
兩者都表示“多達(dá)……”后面接數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。as many as 強(qiáng)調(diào)物品和人的數(shù)目。as much as指金錢、丈量、時(shí)間、重量等方面的程度和數(shù)量。
eg. As many as 1,500 people have left their homeland.
She has spent as much as 100 dollars.
The great fire burned down as many as 20 buildings.
He can jump as high as 1.5 meters.