Teaching-learning Process of the 2nd Period
1. Aim:
(1) Read and understand the subjects mentioned in the text.
(2) Learn the main language points and do some exercises.
2. Focal Points:
(1) Get the main idea of the text.
(2) Learn the usage of:
It is thought that…; now that; take possession of; object to sth/doing sth; give in / give away / give off / out;die out; have an effect on / have effects on / have no effect on
3. Difficult Point:
Retell the text and do discussion.
4. Procedures:
(1) Revision
1. Ask two students to the front to write the answers on the Bb.
2. What is important about these dates or figures?
1524: an Italian explorer ;the first westerner discovered the islands
1858: an area of poor housing, factories and farm buildings was torn down and Central Park was created, reaching from 59th Street to 110th Street and across three avenues.
1892: the age of mass arrivals began
1900: the building of skyscrapers in New York began
1931: the Empire State Building was completed, then the tallest building in the world.
(2) Presentation
Find out how much the students know about the central plains of America.
(3) Scanning (answers to 2 questions)
Ask the students to go through the whole passage very fast to get the general idea of the lesson. 1. The settlers killed them, forced them to leave their hunting grounds, broke agreements which they had made, forced them onto poor land, and killed most of the bison on which Native Americans had relied for food.
2. The killing of large numbers of bison changed the whole wildlife chain on the plains.
(4) Reading and do Ex. 1
1. Where were the Native Americans thought to come from? ( Asia.)
2. Who brought the first horses to the American continent? (The Spanish).
3. What did the Native Americans use the wild horses for? (to carry their goods)
4. What kind of animal is a bison?
(a type of cattle which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America)
5. What happened to Native Americans when European settlers began to move westwards?
(The settlers killed them, forced them to leave their hunting grounds, broke agreements which they had made, forced them onto poor land, and killed most of the bison on which Native Americans had relied for food.)
6. What made the settlers kill even more bison? ( to drive the natives )
7. How did the killing of the bison change the whole wildlife of the plains? (para5)
(5) Reading Comprehension
1. The first settlers were Native Americans who lived buy hunting animal and gathering food.
2. The first horses were brought to America by the Spanish.
3. True
4. They were forced to move away.
5. True
6. True
7. Native Americans made use of the whole animal when they killed it, but later settlers took only the skins of the bison.
8. True
(6)Main idea:
The text shows that the settlers treated the native Americans cruelly and killed the bison in huge numbers. And as a result the number of bison decreased sharply, which had a bad effect on the whole wildlife chain of the plains.
Maid points:
The text can be divided into four parts:
Part 1(para.1-2):Bison was an important part of native Americans’ existence.
Part 2(para.3):The settlers drove the natives westwards to occupy their good land.
Part 3(para.4):In order to drive the natives they killed the bison in huge numbers.
Part 4(para.5):The decrease of the bison destroy the balance of nature.
(7) Language study
Point out the main language points. Ask the students to do some exercises after each explanation. The following points are to be dealt with.
1. It is thought that…據(jù)認為…
2. now that既然=since
3. in huge / large / big / great numbers大量地
4. take possession of奪取，占有
5. object to sth/doing sth反對干某事
6. give in/ give off / out/ give away屈服，投降，讓步，同意
7. die out
8. have an effect on / have effects on / have no effect on對…有影響，對…起作
用
Translation:
1. 美洲平原上的第一批定居者被認為是美洲土著人。
It is thought that the first settlers on the plains of America were Native Americans. (= People think that…/ The first settlers on the plains of America are thought to be Native Americans. )
2. 既然你已經(jīng)康復了，你就可以跟他們一起工作。
Now (that ) you are well again, you can work with them.
3. 既然你的工作完成了，你就可以走了。
Now that you have finished your work, you may go.
4. 有天下午我看到大批大批的螞蟻出來了。
One afternoon I saw ants coming out in huge numbers.
5. 食品供應源源而來。
Food supplies are coming in large numbers.
6. 那對老年夫妻大約在30年前就買了那所房子。
The old couple took possession of the house about 30 years ago.
他們半夜渡江，占領了那個村莊。
At midnight they crossed the river and took possession of the village.
7. 他們中大多數(shù)人反對我的想法。
Most of them objected to my idea.
8. 我（不）反對你吸煙。
I object to your smoking ./I have no objection to your smoking.
9. 他們拒絕投降，戰(zhàn)斗到底。
They refused to give in and fought to the end.
10. 瑪麗通常得聽從她大哥的話。
Mary usually has to give in to her elder brother.
11. die out （種族、家族等）滅絕，死光；（習俗等）消失，消滅
The family has died out.
This kind of bird is dying out.
Many old customs are gradually dying out.
Die主要指個體的死亡； die out指群體的消亡。
The tiger is dying.這只老虎就要死了。
The tiger is dying out.老虎正瀕臨絕種。
12. 春寒通常對植物的生長不利。
The cold in spring usually has a bad effect on the growth of plants.
13. 這種藥對你的身體沒有副作用。
The medicine had no side effects on your body.
◆give out ,give up, give in的區(qū)別
1) give out
①=run out “用完，耗盡”，用主動語態(tài)表被動意思(=be used up)。
②=give off(send out, send off)放出，發(fā)出
Both the man and the horse were tired out/were worn out/gave out after a long journey.疲倦
(①be tired out/be worn out/give out某人疲勞、疲倦
②be tired with/from因…而疲倦, be tired of對…厭倦)
His strength had almost given out when the people found him.耗盡
You can’t have a hot bath, the water will give out/run out.用完
Children wears their shoes out quickly.(vt.)穿破、用舊、用壞
Cheap clothing wears out easily.(vi.)主動表被動
The teacher gave out the examination papers after all the students had taken their seats.分發(fā)
The ship gave out radio for help.消息、信號、聲音等
The sun gives out light and heat.聲、光、射線、能量等(=send out)
The engine gave off smoke and steam.某種物質(zhì)――液、氣、味、煙霧
The gas gives off a smell.
2) give upvt.自動放棄、主動戒除，一般接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語。
give up smoking/give it up /give up the habit of staying late.
give up one’s seat to an old man把座位讓給老人。
give up the secret泄露（秘密等）
It was so late that we had to give him up.（認為他不會來了）“對…沒有希望”
Give up one’s life/time/energy to sth /doing sth把…獻出（給）
Give oneself up to sth /doing sth埋頭于，（干）…工作
His day and night was given up to writing .他日夜撲在寫作上。
3) give in
①vi.屈服、讓步、投降(to)，表示非自愿行為，含消極色彩或被 外界壓力所征服。
②vt.交上（考卷等），呈上（文件等）；宣布
Liu Hulan would rather die than give in.寧死不屈
He had to give in and say sorry to John.他已接受我的看法（放棄自己的主張）
I kept inviting him and at last he gave in to me.讓步
All the papers should be given in/handed in before 12.
4) ①give over to ： give the work over to him移交,
②give away the books/money/prizes分發(fā)、贈送
③give back=return (the book)歸還,
④give way to sb.遷就，給…讓路
(8) Assignment
1. Ex.2~ 3
2. Two copies of reading comprehension
(9) Blackboard Design:
1. It is thought that…據(jù)認為…
2. now that既然=since
3. in huge / large / big / great numbers大量地
4. take possession of奪取，占有
5. object to sth/doing sth反對干某事
6. give in / give away / give off / out屈服，投降，讓步，同意
7. die out
Settlers kill bison. Bison stop eating the grass. The grass grows less well.
No bison waste falls on the ground. The soil becomes poorer.
Fewer wolves. Fewer insects
Few birds
Fewer prairie dogs Fewer plants.
8. have an effect on / have effects on / have no effect on對…有影響，對…起作用