A man who never gave up

【常用單詞積累】

名詞：spirit, inventor, pupil, track, safety, telegraph, lifetime, confidence.

動詞：own, build， frighten， rush, graduate, frustrate， wonder.

形容詞：able, frightened, noisy, worth.

副詞：nearly, healthily, clearly.

詞組：be able to，try out，at the age of，rush out，open up，turn up／down，try to do sth., give up, try out, not … any more, be/become interested in, be/become good at, no matter how, It’s a bad line, come up with.

核心知識

1. 動詞不定式The Infinitive(Ⅰ)

(1)不定式作賓語

后面能接不定式作賓語的動詞有：want, wish, like, decide, help, begin, ask, choose, forget, hope, learn, would like等.例如：

We hope to get there before dark.

我們希望天黑以前到那兒.

He wants to be an artist when he grows up.

長大后他想當一個藝術家.

注意：①stop，forget，remember，try， go on等后既可接不定式也可接動詞--ing形式，但含義不同：

stop doing 停止干某事(不干了)

stop to do 停止原來的事，而做另一件事。

forget doing忘記曾做過某事

forget to do忘記要做某事(該干而未干的事)

go on doing繼續干某事(同一件事)

go on to do接著去干某事(指另一件事)

try doing嘗試著干某事

try to do盡力去干事

②不定式作賓語時，如帶有賓語補足語，則要把不定式放到后面，用作形式賓語，構成“主語 + 動詞 + it + 賓補(形容詞、名詞) + 不定式”結構，例如：

He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他發現很難入睡

(2)不定式作賓語補足語

①后面能接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有 : ask, order, like, want, tell, know, help, call on(請求，號召)等.例如：

The teacher told us to do Exercise2.老師要我們做練習二.

I am glad to hear the good news.

聽到那個好消息，我很高興.

②使役動詞 let， have， make及感官動詞 see， watch， notice， hear，feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補.例如：

I saw him play basketball on the playground.

我看見他在操場上打籃球.

注：動詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not.

2.I’m trying to fix my pen.我正試著修我的鋼筆.

(1)try to do sth.試著(設法)做某事，否定形式為 try not to do sth.

He tried not to be late for school.他設法上學不遲到.

(2)try one’s best to do sth. = do one’s best to do sth.盡全力做某事.

We should try our best to learn English well.我們應該設法學好英語.

3.I’11 be able to write faster.我將能寫快一點.

be able to ＋ v.能夠，會，例如：

Tom is certainly able to cook.湯姆當然會做飯.

同義詞：can，注意 can與 be able不能重復使用.

4.We can come up with the answer together.我們可以一起解決這個問題，

come up with提出，提供例如：

I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.

我希望你們能提出比這個更好的計劃.

5.We just need to keep working on it， and not give up.

我們僅僅需要堅持不懈地努力，不要放棄.

①need需要，必需

You need to wear warm clothes.你需要穿上溫和的衣服.

②keep doing sth.一直不斷地做某事.

why do you keep laughing all the time？你們為什么總是在笑？

③work on可以在不同的句中譯成不同的漢語，例如：

I am working hard on my Chinese.我在努力學習漢語.

④give up 放棄、停止，后面接動詞ing形式.

My father gave up smoking last year我父親去年戒煙.

6.Which of these do you think the second most useful invention？

這些發明中哪一種是你認為第二有用的？

A. do you think用作插入語，在句中作為一種附加的解釋，不充當任何成分.

B. the second most useful invention第二項最有用的發明，例如：

Which is the third biggest country in the world？世界上哪個國家第三大？

7.Which of these would you most like to own？

這些東西你最想擁有哪一個？

own vt. 擁有 adj.自己的。owner n.物主

①Do yon own a car？ Yes， I do.你有小汽車嗎？是的，我有.

②Will you please say something about Thomas Edison in your own words？

你能用自己的話來談論托羅斯愛迪生嗎？

③Who is the owner of the house？誰是房主？

8.When he was a child， he was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.他是一個小孩時，他總問一些問題并試驗一些新的設想.

①try out(徹底)試驗例如：

It’s a new idea，can you try it out？它是個新主意，你能試驗一下嗎？

②always與進行時連用時，表示反復的動作，含有贊揚的情感.例如：

Comrade Lei Feng was always helping the other people.雷鋒同志總是樂于助人.

9.No matter how hard it was，he never gave up.無論多么艱難，他決不放棄.

no matter how(或 what， when， where， who， whether…)

不管怎樣(什么，何時，哪里，誰，是否……)例如：

No matter how difficult the maths problem is，he can work it out.

不管數學題有多難，他都能做出來.

10.Young Tom was in school for only three months.

小湯姆只在學校讀了三個月的書.

in school求學，在校讀書，學習，類似的短語還有： in hospital(住院)， in bed(在床上)，at school(在學校)，at work(在工作)， at home(在家).在這些短語中無冠詞.

11.His teacher didn’t understand why his new pupil had so many strange questions.老師不明白為什么他的新學生有如此多奇怪的問題.

so many這樣，那樣多，如此多，修飾可數名詞，so much修飾不可數名詞，so不能用such代替.例如：

There is so much snow.有如此多的雪.

12.Most of the questions had nothing to do with his lessons.大多數的問題與他的功課毫不相關.

have nothing to do with和……無關.例如：

I have nothing to do with the accident.我和這次意外事件沒有關系.

13.At the age of 12， he starts writing his own newspaper.

12歲時，他開始寫他自己的報紙.

at the age of twelve相當于 when he was twelve.

At the age of seven， he went to school.七歲時，他去上學.

14.A train was coming near quickly, and the boy was too frightened to move.

一列火車正飛快地開過來，那孩子嚇得一動也不敢動.

①come near走近，例如：

Come near me. I’ve got something to tell you..到我跟前來，我有話要跟你說.

②too…to…太而不能

The girl is too young to go to school.女孩太小不能去上學.

15.The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send message by telegraph.那孩子的父親十分感激，于是教愛迪生學會使用電報的通信技術.

①thankful 例如：

He was so thankful to the young man.他對那年輕人太感激了.

②how to send messages by telegraph是“疑問詞 + 不定式”結構，在句中作直接賓語，例如：

I don’t decide what to do next.我沒有決定下一步做什么，

16.This gave him a start in life.這使他從此開始了自己的事業.

①start n.開始 同義詞 beginning，例如：

Everything is difficult at the start.萬事開頭難.

②life 生涯，人生 例如：to begin life踏入社會.

典型例題

1.He learnt very fast and became very interested in science.

他學得非�？�，并且變得對科學十感興趣.

解析 ①interested adj.感興趣的 主語一般是人，且多用在連系動詞be，get，become等后作表語，例如：

We are interested in fishing.我們對釣魚感興趣。

②interesting adj. 有趣的，帶有主動意味，可用作表語或定語，既能修飾人也能修飾物，意為“有興趣的，引起興趣的”.例如：

This book is very interesting.這本書很有趣.

He is an interesting man.他是個有趣的人.

2.Edison saw little boy playing on the railway tracks at a station.

愛迪生在一個車站看見一個小男孩在鐵軌上玩.

解析 see sb. doing sth.意思是“看到某人正在做某事”.用動詞--ing形式作賓語補足語表示動作正在進行、動詞see后還可跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，即 see sb.do sth.意思“看見某人做了某事”，表示動作發生了，類似的動詞還有hear，feel，watch等，它們都是表示感覺的動詞.例如：

Do you hear someone knocking at the door？

Yes，I heard him knock three times.

你聽見有人在敲門嗎？是的，我聽到他敲了三下.

3. Let’s ask him to turn it down.咱們叫他把它音量調小點.

解析 turn down(將聲音，亮度等)調低，關小

turn up(將聲音，亮度等)調高，開大

turn on開(燈、自來水等)

turn off關(燈，自來水，無線電等)

例：

①Could you turn your radio down， please？It’s too noisy.

你能把收音機聲音調小嗎？太吵了.

②I can’t hear clearly， please turn up the radio.

我聽不清，請把收音機聲音調大.

③He turned on the radio， and listened to the weather report.

他打開收音機聽天氣預報.

④Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.

在你走之前，別忘了關燈.

4.I’11 bring it to school in the morning.我明天早晨把它帶到學校去.

解析 句中動詞brig表示“帶去”.如果把事物或某人帶到說話人和聽話人(即對話雙方)將去的地方，要用bring而不用take.例如：

May I bring my friend to the party？

我能把我的朋友帶去參加聚會嗎？

5.閱讀分析

Look around, we shall find that paper is widely used in our (1) . Everyone uses paper in some (2) .

As (3) ,we cannot study well without paper. At school we need books to read. In class we need note books to take notes. After school we need (4) to do our homework. (5) these things are made of paper. And most of our (6) is made of a kind of fine paper because paper is (7) and easy to carry.

Paper is (8) in millions of ways. (9) news is printed(印刷) on paper, so we have newspapers to (10) .Messages and letters are written on paper, so we can tell our friends something (11) meeting them. Presents are put into colour paper because we want to give our friends a nice (12) . Even our rooms can be made very beautiful with (13) .

We cannot say all the ways but we (14) very well that we cannot enjoy life without paper. We feel proud(自豪)that paper was first (15) by a Chinese called Cai Lun more than a thousand years ago.

(1)A. family B. life C. school D. work

(2)A. streets B. roads C. ways D. places

(3)A. workers B. farmers C. doctors D. student

(4)A. paper B. books C. pencils D. excercise-books

(5)A. All B. Some of C. Most of D. One of

(6)A. money B. message C. newspapers D. school things

(7)A. clean B. light C. hard D. soft

(8)A. used B. found C. called D. produced

(9)A. Good B. Bad C. Same D. Different

(10)A. look B. get C. read D. see

(11)A. with B. without C. when D. after

(12)A. present B. news C. surprise D. day

(13)A. flowers B. presents C. newspaper D. wall-paper

(14)A. say B. want C. know D. tell

(15)A. invented B. done C. made D. found

(答案：1－5 BCDDA 6－10 ABADC 11-15 BCDCA)

6.The policeman told the boy (fly) a kite in the street.

解析 動詞不定式作賓語補足語常用的結構有： ask(tell)sb. to do sth，應填：to fly

7. Would you like have another cup of tea？改錯題

解析 征求對方意見，要使用不定式結構，“要想某人做某事”，表示形式為： would like sb. to do sth.想要做某事，表示 would like to do sth.

改正：Would you like to have another cup of tea？

8. The radio is too noisy：Would you please turn down it？改錯題

解析 短語 turn down中的 down是副詞，故接代詞要用在中間，類似以副詞結尾的動詞短語有：turn up，turn on，turn off，put up，take off，take away…etc.

改正；The radio is too noisy. Would you please turn it down.

9. We know Wright and Wilbur the first plane.

解析 飛機是一種發明創造，應用invent，填invented.

10. How did you make the child while he was crying？

A. smile B. to smile C. smiles D. smiled

解析 某些使役動詞(have，make,let)等后接不帶to的不定式作賓補，故應填A

【關于“Unit 7 A man who never gave up”的常見問題】

常見問題1: A man who never gave up1

問題：

請選擇正確答案

( )1.The great inventor likes trying new ideas.

A. off B. for C. out D. in

( )2.The radio is too noisy. Please it .

A. put, down B. put, off C. turn, up D. turn, down

( )3.Why didn’t you tell him his own book?

A. use B. used C. using D. to use

( )4.She found him .

A. is a very good pupil. B. to be a very good pupil.

C. being a very good pupil. C. a very good pupils.

( )5.She become interested English and does well in it.

A. at B. on C. about D. in

解答:

1.C 2. D 3.D 4.B 5.D

常見問題2: A man who never gave up2

問題：

按要求轉換句式

1.Jim said to me, “Please turn on the radio.”

Jim ask me the radio.

2.That’s a good plan. (改為反意疑問句)

That’s a good plan, ?

3.When Edison was 12, he started writing his own newspaper.(改同義句)

， Edison started writing his own newspaper.

4.Tom’s mother taught Tom (read).

5.She is so weak that she can’t walk on.(同義詞)

She is walk on

解答:

1. to turn on 2. isn’t it 3.At the age of 12 4.to read 5. too weak to

常見問題3: A man who never gave up 3

問題：

Liu Ying told me_________for her at home.

A．waits B．waited C．to wait D．wait

解答:

分析tell后面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語，它的句式為tellsb．to do sth. 此題易錯在忘記帶動詞不定式符號“to”。相似用法的動詞還有ask，like，want等。

答案C

常見問題4: A man who never gave up 4

問題：

Don’t you think his radio is too noisy? _________ Tell him to turn it down.

A．No, I do． B．Yes, I do.

C．No, I don’t. D．Yes, I don’ t.

解答:

分析 此句為否定式的一般疑問句，回答與Yes／No的意思正相反。意為“不，我覺得聲音太吵鬧了�！�

注意! C選項中的“No，I don’t. ”雖然符合語法，但不符合題意。

答案B

常見問題5: A man who never gave up 5

問題：

Whose car is it?(同義句)→_______the______ _________the car?

解答:

分析此題考查靈活運用能力，課本中有句型：Which of these would you most like to own?其中own這個詞用法很活。此句表示“自己的”，用作動詞。還可用作形容詞，如：I saw it with my own eyes. 而owner是它的名詞形式，意思是“物主”。

答案Who’ s the owner of the car?

常見問題6: A man who never gave up 6

問題：

________the money he bought things for his lab.

A．With B．On C．Use D．By

解答:

分析此題考查with+n. 構成的介詞短語，意為“用這筆錢”，在句中作狀語。

答案A

注意！此題易錯選為C，應引起注意。另外，with可用作多種含義，如“用、帶著、關于、對于、和、隨著”等，在不同的句子中有不同的含義，注意辨析。