【單元知識綱要】
類別
語 言 項 目
備注
語
音
[ ]sh s ch c (i) [ ]s
[h]h wh [w]w wh
詞
匯
單詞見（常用單詞積累）
掌
握
I’m sorry to hear that, keep healthy
I hope you’re better now, at the same time
Yesterday evening/… the day before yesterday
Last Sunday/… last year/… just now
Half an hour ago, a moment ago
日
常
交
際
用
語
What day was it yesterday?
I was/You were not here yesterday.
Were you ill? I was a little ill.
I’m sorry to hear that. I hope you’re better now.
Who was not here yesterday? Where was he/she?
Was he/she
Where were they? at home?
Were they
he/she was he/she wasn’t
Yes No
they were they weren’t
理
解
掌
握
Look after yourself and keep healthy.
Did you/he/…have your/his…dinner yesterday?
Yes, I/he/…did, No, I/he/…didn’t.
How did you like it? Very much
語
法
一般過去時（一）
動詞be的過去時陳述句，疑問句及答語
動詞have的一般過去式方式had的陳述句、疑問句及答語。
掌
握
核心知識
healthy， yesterday， ill， November， was（wasn’t）， were（weren’t）， remember， bring， hope， yourself， composition， busy， business， business man／business woman, sell, country, travel, discuss, together, meeting, ago, enjoy, interesting， exciting，world，reply， dinner， seafood， match， cold， problem, job， call， hour，others，count，plan，diary，foreign，holiday，rest，summer，rain，when（conj），half，fun.
a bit／(of)， a lot(of)／lots of，look after，grow up，keep healthy，be away／back，just now，three days ago，last week，the day before yesterday，yesterday morning， at the same time，living room， half an hour， by the way， do some exercise, put right，make a telephone call, do some reading, There be something wrong with…
a（good） rest
a swim
（a lot of） fun
a holiday
have （a light） breakfast
a match
a（big） dinner
seafood
a meeting
a look（at）
【基礎知識精講】
1.Today is Thursday，November the first.今天是星期四，11月1日 。
英語中，表達日期可先說明月份，再說日期，用序數詞，最后說年份，用基數詞。例： 7月3日，July the third也可以寫作July 3rd或July 3。但應讀作July the third.
2.I hope she’s better tomorrow. 我希望她明天好些。
hope希望，其后可接 to do或that從句，但不能說 hope sb. to do sth.例：
① I hope to meet my friends tomorrow.我希望明天碰到我的朋友。
② I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切順利。
③ Tom hopes（that） he will go to college some day.
湯姆希望他有一天上大學。
3.I was a bit ill.我有點兒病。
（1）a bit修飾 ill，表示程度，可放在形容詞、副詞前，在此相當于a little.
例：① She is a bit tired.她也有點兒累。
② The basket is a bit heavy.這個籃子有點重。
③ He runs a bit fast.他跑得有點快。
（2）但如果修飾名詞，則應用 a bit of，它也相當于a little.例：
There is a bit of water in the glass.
杯子里有點兒水。
I have a bit of money.我有一點錢。
4.Do you want to be a businessman when you grow up?
當你長大了，你想成為一個商人嗎？
（1）want to do sth. 想做某事，to do sth.，為動詞不定式，它作want的賓語，英語中類似這樣的用法，常用的動詞還有begin，start，like，remember，hope，try，learn等。例：
① Let’s start to have a rest.我們開始休息吧！
② I’m learning to swim now.我正學游泳。
（2）be在此意思是“成為”相當于become.例：
I like being a soldier.我喜歡作一名戰土。
（3）when在此作連詞，“當…的時候”，它連接一個時間狀語從句。例：
when I got home yesterday，it was very late.
昨天我到家的時候，時間已很晚了。
What are you going to do when you finish middle school?
你中學畢業后你準備做什么？
（4）grow up意思是“長大”。
5.His office is in New York，but he is often away. He travels a lot every month.
他的辦公室在紐約，但他經常離開。他差不多每個月旅游。
（1）be away=be not here意思是“離開”（表狀態）。其近義詞是 leave（表動作）。其反義詞是 be back.例：
①How long were you away last week？上星期你離開多長時間？
②He was away from school for a month. And he will be back next week.
他離開學校一個月了。他下星期就回來。
（2）a lot用作狀語，“很多”（表示程度，有多種譯法）
例：①He works a lot at home.他在家里工作很多
②It rained a lot yesterday. 昨天下了大量的雨。
My brother is feeling a lot better today.
我的兄弟今天感覺好多了。
（3）但修飾名詞（可數、不可數都行）時，要用 a lot of或 lots of.例：
① They have a lot of（lots of）things to do.
他們有很多事情要做。
② We had a lot of（lots of）seafood there.
我們在那里吃了大量的海產品。
6.I think I can put it right.我想我能把它修好。
（1）I can put it right.是一個賓語從句，前面省略了連詞 that.
（2）put right修理好，糾正（錯誤），例：
①I’ll some put the DVD machine right for you.
我會很快為你修好DVD的。
② If I’m wrong, you must stop me and put me right.
如果我出現錯誤，你必須打斷我的說話并且糾正我的錯誤。
7.By the way, why did you call me？
（1）by the way順便說一聲，順便問一下，它是一個介詞短語，作為插入語，常用來提一件與正題無關的事。例：
①By the way，where are you from？順便問一下，你從哪里來？
②By the way，Did you tell him about it？
順便問一下，你把這件事告訴他了？
（2）call sb.在口語中意思是“給某人打電話”，表示這一意思還可以用 ring sb. Telephone sb., phone sb., ring sb. up，give sb. a ring（call）,make a telephone call to sb.例：
①You can call him at eight this evening.
今天晚上八點鐘你可以給他打電話。
②Please ring me up when you reach Shanghai.
你到達上海的時候，請跟我來電話。
③We can use satellites to make telephone calls to foreign countries.
我們能利用衛星和外國通話。
【重點難點解析】
1. What day was it yesterday？昨天星期幾？
(1)What day是 what day of the week的省略，是用于問星期的疑問句。如what day is it tomorrow？
（2）was是be動詞“is”的過去式。
一般過去時表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態。一般過去時的句子中動詞要用過去式。be動詞的過去式am／is-was用于第一及第三人稱單數。are－were用于其他人稱。例：
①I/He/She was at school yesterday.
②We／You/They were at school yesterday.
在構成否定句，疑問句及其回答時，be動詞的過去式與它的現在式用法相同。was not=wasn’t，were not=weren’t.例：
①He isn’t here now.他不在這兒。
He wasn’t here yesterday.昨天他不在這兒。
②Are the twins at school？那對雙胞胎在上學嗎？
No，they aren’t.不，他們沒有。
Were the twins at school yesterday morning？
昨天上午那對雙胞胎在上學嗎？
No，they weren’t.不，她們沒有。
2.You’d better finish your homework soon, and bring it next Monday.你最好馬上完成作業，下周一把它帶來。
bring，take，carry都有“拿”的意思。
（1）bring拿來，指從別的地方帶到說話的地點來。
例：①Bring me your book， please.請把你的書拿給我。
②You must bring a story book here next time.
你下次一定帶一本故事書來。
（2）take帶走，指從說話的地方拿到別的地方去。例：
①Could you take the boy to school？
你能把這個男孩帶去上學嗎？
②It’s going to rain. Take a raincoat with you.
要下雨了。請帶上雨衣。
（3）carry，搬動，移動，它不強調方向，但多指移動較重的東西。例：
The box is too heavy. I can’t carry it.
這個盒子太重，我搬不動它。
3.That’s OK. You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
沒關系，你必須保重、保持健康的體魄。
（1）That’s OK=That’s all right=It doesn’t matter.沒關系。
（2）look after＝take care of照看，看管。例：
①My sister is ill. I have to look after her.
我妹妹病了，我得照看她。
②Please look after your things.請看好你的東西。
（3）yourself是反身代詞，在句中作 look after的賓語。
（4）healthy是形容詞，“健康的”，它是由名詞health加后綴-y而來。又如luck-lucky，sun-sunny，rain-rainy等。
（5）keep+形容詞，指“使…處于…狀態中”，又如：
keep closed， keep quiet， keep busy等。
4.My job is to sell computers.我的工作就是出售電腦。
（1）job在此與work同義，都指“工作”，但job是指具體某一件“事”，某一項“工作”，是可數名詞。而work是抽象名詞，泛指一般的“工作”，是可數名詞。而work是抽象名詞，泛指一般的“工作”和“勞動”沒有復數， works是指“作品”，“著作”，而不是“工作”之意。
例：①He did a good job.他從事著一件好工作。
而不能說 He did a good work.(可改為：He did very good work 他干得很出色.)
②They were out of a job.（jobs）.They were out of work.他們失業了。
③I have read the complete works of LuXun.
我已讀過魯迅的全部作品。
（2）to sell computers是動詞不定式短語在句中作表語。例：
①Her wish is to become a scientist.她的愿望是成為一位科學家。
②Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我們的計劃是在兩周內完成這一項工作。
5.It takes me forty minutes，so I usually get there earlier than others.
它需要我四十分鐘的時間，所以我比別人到那里早些。
（1）It是形式主語，指代上文中的“to drive to my office”
（2）take是“花費、需要、占用”的意思。它構成一固定句型：It tales（sb.）
some time to do sth.做某事需要（某人）多少。例：
①It takes us half an hour to get to the theatre by bus.
乘車到劇院需要我們半小時。
②It took Mr. Wang about three hours to put the TV set right yesterday.
昨天王師傅花了大約三個小時才把那臺電視機修好。
③It will take a year to build the bridge.
建這座橋將需要一年的時間。
（3）others泛指“指人”、“另外的事物”。例：
①We must help others.我們必須幫助別人。
②Some stayed while others left.
一些人留下來了，而另外一些離開了。
6.Last summer my family and I had a good rest.
去年暑假，我和我的全家好好地休息了一下。
（1）英語中，如出現第一人稱（I，We）和其它名詞或代詞作并列主語時，須把I，We放在最后。如：
you， he and I我，你，他，my friend and I我和我的朋友。
（2）have a good rest好好休息，此處 have不是“有”的意思，而是行為動詞，“have+名詞”構成固定詞組。 have、has的過去式為 had在變疑問句時和其它行為動詞一樣，要將助動詞“Did”加在句首，原謂語動詞用原形。變否定句時，用didn’t加在動詞原形之前。
例：
They had a meeting last Sunday.
否定句： They didn’t have a meeting last Sunday.
疑問句： Did they have a meeting last Sunday？
本單元have所構成的詞組見［詞用單詞積累］。
（3）一般過去時常和表示過去的時間狀語相連用，如 yesterday, last week, a moment ago，in 1981等等。
典型例題
【課本難題解答】
練習冊Pll4第2題
此題重點考查一般過去時，動詞be的過去式was和were的用法，同時注意過去時間的用法。
分別以人稱I、單數人稱（you之外）、復數人稱為例。
1.人稱I，be動詞的過去形式應為was，故可組成句子：
I was at a theatre the day before yesterday.
Was I on a farm last Sunday？
等很多不同的句子。
2.單數人稱，如our English teacher，be動詞的過去形式應為was，故可組成句子：
Our English teacher was in a primary school last year.
Was our English teacher at work the year before last？
Our English teacher was not in a factory last week.
等很多不同的句子。
3.復數人稱：如they，be的過去形式應為were，故可組成句子：
They were in Grade One yesterday？
Were they in Qingdao last year.
4. you第二人稱，be的過去形式應為 were.
【有關"Unit 8 I was not here yesterday" 的教學設計】
教學設計1. 初二英語 Lesson 30
前言
Properties: Recorder
學習目標：
Teaching Objectives:
Students should grasp different prepostions denoting position and be able to describe people’s position and grasp the words of body parts.
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
教學設計2. 初二英語 Lesson 29
前言
Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projecter
學習目標：
Teaching Objectives:
Students should master the way of asking the position and saying the position by using prepositions “on one’s right/left” ，“at the back front of…”，“in the middle of…”， “in the front/back row” and “on the right/left – hand side”.
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
常見問題1: 初二英語上學期第八單元1
問題：
閱讀
There was once a farmer who lived near a road.
It was not a busy road， but from time to time， cars passed the farm.
Near the farm gate, there was a large hole（坑） ____（1）the road. This hole was always full of____（2）， and the drivers of the cars could not____（3） how deep（深的）the hole was. They thought it was not very deep.
Then when they____（4） into the hole，they could not drive out____（5） it was so deep.
The farmer didn’t spend（花）____（6） time working on his farm. He spent most of it____（7） the hole.
When a car drove into it，he pulled（拉） the car out with his tractor（拖拉機） and asked for a lot of money from the driver ____（8） doing this.
One day， the driver of a car said to him，“You ____（9） make a lot of money pulling cars out of this hole night and day.”
“Oh， no，” the farmer said.“I ____（10） pull cars out of the hole at night. At night I fill the hole with water.”
1.A.on B. near C. beside D. in
2.A.water B. cars C. dust D. mud(泥巴)
3.A.know B. think C. see D. believe
4. A. drive B. drove C. walk D. ran
5.A.when B. because C. that D. as
6.A.many B. a lot C. much D. a little
7.A.looking for B. seeing C. working at D. watching
8.A.for B. of C. to D. with
9.A can B. will C. must D. would
10.A.do B. don’t C. can’t D. can
解答:
答案：
1一5 D A C B B 6一10 C D A C B
此題主要考查學生運用語言的能力，適當的時候注意上下文內容的連貫性。
常見問題2: 初二英語上學期第八單元2
問題：
Wei Ming school for more than a week.
A. away from B. was away from C. left
解答:
分析 答案是B，leave是短暫性動詞，不能和表一段時間的狀語 for more than a week連用，再者 away是副詞，不能作謂語。
常見問題3: 初二英語上學期第八單元3
問題：
Can you me some new book tomorrow？
A. bring B. take C. put
解答:
分析 答案是A，put是“放”，take是“拿走”，bring是“拿來”。此處是表示“拿給我”，指要拿到說話的地方來。
常見問題4: 初二英語上學期第八單元4
問題：
You must do sport and keep .
A. health B. healthy C. heath
解答:
分析 答案是B，keep后應接形容詞，表示“使…處于…的狀態中”，healthy是形容詞，“健康的”。
常見問題5: 初二英語上學期第八單元5
問題：
It much colder today than it yesterday.
A. is…is B. is…was C. was…is
解答:
分析 答案是B，這里是把“今天的天氣”與“昨天的天氣”相比，than連詞前是指“今天的天氣”，其后是指“昨天的天氣”。
常見問題6: 初二英語上學期第八單元6
問題：
A：What was yesterday？B：It was Monday.
A. time B. day C. date
解答:
分析 答案是B，因為答語中回答的是“星期一”，所以問句中應用 what day 詢問星期。
常見問題7: 初二英語上學期第八單元7
問題：
What you for lunch？ Rice and vegetables.
A. did…have B. were…have C. did…had
解答:
分析 答案是A, have在此句中是“吃”的意思，是行為動詞，它的過去式have的問句，應用 did助動詞加前，后還原（had還原成 have）.
課后練習1：課后練習
一、[單項填空]：
( )1．What day_________ tomorrow？
A．it is B．is it
C．was it D．it was
( )2．_________ everyone at school yesterday.
A．Were B．Are C．Was D．Is
( )3．You must_________ yourself.
A．look like B．look at
C．look for D．look after
二、[單項填空]：
( )1．__________ you often late for school？
A．Is B．Was C．Are D．Do
( )2．I _____________ you're better today.
A．look B．see C．hope D．want
( )3．A：_____________ are you now, Ann？
B： Much better, thank you.
A．What B．Which
C．Where D．How
課后練習1：課后練習答案
一、解：
①選B。②選C。③選D，照顧、照看。
二、解：
①選C，be late for．．．
②選C，表希望。
③選D。
課后練習1：課后練習
一、[單項填空]：
( ) 1．It's cold outside, You'd_____________on your coat.
A．better put B．like to put
C．like take D．better to put
( )2．--Li Lei's mother is ill in hospital.
--______________.
A．I'm very sorry
B．I'm sorry to hear that
C．I'm sorry of that
D．I hope her better
( )3．Just now I________________in the classroom.
A．am B．stay C．was D．sit
二、[單項填空]：
( )1．Peter always plans his work as
_____________as he can.
A．careful B．carefully
C．careless D．more careful
( )2．He wants to be a football player when he________________.
A．grew up B．grow up
C．growing up D．grows up
( )3．The story is quite______________.
A．funny B．funnier
C．more funny D．a funny
課后練習1：課后練習答案
一、解：
①選A，had better+動詞原形。
②選B。
③選C，just now用于過去時。
二、解：
①選B，修飾動詞用副詞as．．．as中間用原級。
②選D，When引導的時間狀語從句中，主句用將來時，從句只需用一般現在時。
③選A，quite, too, very等后用形容詞或副詞原形。