參考教案 教學建議 示例三

教學建議（Suggested teaching notes）

一、教學內容分析

本單元主要圍繞空間關系（Spatial relationship）這一功能意念項目進行教學。教學的重點如下：

（一）教會學生用表示空間關系的方位詞語描述人和物的位置。為此，需要學生掌握以下的詞語：

句型：Where do you sit/stand?

Where does he/she sit/stand?

Who's in the middle?

方位詞：left/right back/front middle in on at behind near

介詞短語：on the left/right-hand side on the left/right side on sb's left/right at the back/front of the classroom in the front in front of in the back /front/ third row next to（pass）from … to …

（二）教學和復習表示人體各部位的詞，并運用以下句子結構做游戲或開展不同形式的活動。

祈使句：Touch/Draw/Lift your....

人體部位詞：head face hair ear eye nose arm hand leg foot (left/right）

（三）閱讀和聽讀有關人物位置的語篇，并正確回答理解性問題。在理解閱讀課文"Who has the eraser?" 的基礎上完成有關的口筆頭練習，并要求學生實際表演一遍。

（四）學習與 [M]，[{]，[h]，[w]四個輔音有關的輔音字母或字母組合的拼讀規則。

掌握表示方位的詞語及實際運用，特別是in，on，at與left，right的區別，是本單元教學難點之一。另一個難點是第31課中的閱讀課文。

二、教學方法建議

（一）教學方位詞語的一些方法

1．確定人物的位置 除了第29課教學步驟Step 2，3，4中的建議外，還可以叫五六位學生站成一列，然后用以下句型問答。例如：

T： Where does A stand?

S： A stands next to B.

T： Who stands in the middle?

S： C stands in the middle.

T： Where …?

2．確定實物的位置 將已知英語名稱的實物放置一起，也可指教室中的物體問答。例如：

S1： Excuse me. Where's the map of China？

S2： Look! It's next to the blackboard. Where's the teacher's desk?

S3： It's at the front of the classroom. It's in front of the blackboard. Where's the blackboard eraser, please?

S4： It's in the teacher's desk, I think.

3．描述圖畫 可就某一幅圖畫自述，也可以做問答練習。例如可就這幅會議室的圖畫說以下的話或進行問答：

This is a meeting room. It is not big, but it is bright and clean. There are two long tables in the middle of the room. On the right-hand side there are six chairs. On the left-hand side there are five chairs. At the front of the room there is a big table. In front of the table are some flowers. Behind the table there is a white board. On the board are some words. They say "Welcome to our school!"

Three people are standing near the door. The woman on the left is the head teacher. The other two are students. They look happy. The woman says, "Very good. Everything is ready for our meeting."

還可利用教科書中已有的插圖進行對話，例如看第22課中動物的圖畫可問以下的問題：

How many animals can you see in the first row?

What animal is the one in the middle/on the left/on the right?

Where is the panda/ cat /tiger?

What can you see in the third row ?

Where are the dogs/ monkeys/ pandas?

4．完成任務 全班分組競賽。由教師或某個學生發出一系列指令，讓各組的學生按照指令完成任務。完成動作準確者獲勝。例如：

Please come to the front.

Go to the back of the room.

Write the word "Welcome" in the middle of the blackboard.

Put up the map on the wall.

Put the broom behind the door, please.

Go and stand on …'s right/ left.

Go and stand behind …

Go and stand in front of …

Can you carry the box to the back of the room?

Can you put it under Xiaoming's desk?

Can you put the chairs in the back row?

Can you sit next to Li Ying?

Will you please sit on Gao Hui's right/ left ?

5．翻譯練習 練習冊第31課第4個練習要求把一組表示方位的介詞短語譯成中文。當學生初步掌握這些短語時，再讓他們把漢語譯成英語。這對復習鞏固會起很好的作用。

（二）練習人體部位詞的方法介紹

1．配合動作練習

1）A： Where's your …?

B： It's here.

2）A： What do you see/ hear/… with?

B： I see with my ....

3）A： Touch my …, please.

B： OK. Let me touch your....

2．用于Polly says游戲的動作還有：

Open/ Close your eyes/ hands.

Keep your eyes/ hands open/ closed.

Put your hands behind your back.

Keep your hands behind your back.

Show me your left/ right arm.

Wash your hands/ face/ hair/ arms/ feet/ back.

Stop washing!

Put up your right/ left hand.

Put your hands in front of you.

Lift your right leg/ arm.

Pick apples with your left hand.

3．left和right專項練習

教師邊用手指自己的左或右手（臂、眼、耳、腿、腳），邊說英語，同時讓全班學生模仿著邊指身體的部位邊說：

my left eye my right eye my left ear my right ear

my left hand my right hand my left arm my right arm

my left leg my right leg my left foot my right foot

接著，說整句：This is my left/ right… Look at my…

還可指著黑板或教室的墻說：

This is the right-hand side. This is the left-hand side.

（三）閱讀課文的教學方法

第31課第一部分閱讀課文應在一節課內教完，因此需用整體處理的方法。首先，指插圖提問：What can you see in the picture? (A teacher and some students.） Yes, they're playing a game. The name of the game is "Who has…?" How do they play this game? Now please read the text and find out. 可先教學生詞，如 pass和stop，然后叫學生默讀課文，通過上下文猜測其中有些生詞的意義，動腦思考，找出問題的答案。如果學生難以回答，教師需用小問題提示，如：How many students play this game? What do they pass from one to another? Can the other students look? What do the six students do when they stop? What does the teacher ask the other students to guess?

教師也可允許學生用漢語回答。然后，教師可結合文段本身的意思講解文中的生詞和難點，如 The eraser goes from one student to another-first one way, then another; keep… closed等，邊講邊演示。講解要精練，目的是讓學生理解課文的意思，不必脫離課文做詞匯和語法練習。文中難句可譯成漢語。掃除了理解方面的障礙，就向學生提出課文后面的八個問題，讓他們帶著這些問題再讀一遍課文，尋求答案。學生讀完課文后，組成兩人小組口頭進行問答。兩人需輪流問答，不可一人專問，另一人專答。小組活動結束，教師可叫幾組學生站起來做示范問答。此時，學生理解了課文的內容，讓他們聽原聲帶，并跟讀，模仿標準的語音語調，可獲得較好的效果。朗讀課文后，最好由教師快速度地再問一遍課文的問題。最后做練習冊中的第2和3個練習，以便復習鞏固所學的課文。

參考教案 Unit 8 Where do you sit教學參考資料 示例三

教學參考資料（Reference for teaching）

補充注釋（Additional notes）

1．from one student to another 從一個學生（傳）到另一個學生

from … to … 從……到……。如：

It is 1462 kilometres from Beijing to Shanghai.

從北京到上海有1462公里。

Mr Green often travels from Beijing to London.

格林先生常來往于北京和倫敦之間。

Things are getting from bad to worse. 事情越來越糟。

From time to time he goes to see his grandparents.

他常去看祖父母。

They move from one place to another.

他們常從一地搬到另一地。

2．The eraser goes … first one way, then another = first one way, then from another way.

橡皮……先從一邊傳過去，然后再從另一邊傳過來。

3．動詞keep 可以表示“保留、保存”的意思，如：

Please have one of the pens and keep it.

請拿一支筆并可以留著用。

Can you keep the bags for me? 你能給我保存這些包嗎？

keep 也可表示“使……保持某種狀態”，如：

Keep the window open. It is hot here.

讓窗戶開著（不要關窗），這兒很熱。

Put your hands in front of you, but keep them closed.

把手放在身前，但把它們握住（不要攤開）。

Keep your eyes closed. You mustn't look. 閉著眼睛，不許看！

We must keep our classroom clean. 我們必須保持教室清潔。

4．mustn't = must not 不許；不該

請注意，mustn't 的讀音是 ['m)snt] ，不可讀作['m)stnt]。

You must listen carefully. You mustn't talk. 你應該仔細聽，不許說話。

You must pick up the paper. You mustn't throw it on the floor.

你必須把紙撿起來，你不該把紙扔在地上。

You mustn't drink the water. It's not clean.

你不該喝這種水，它不干凈。

You mustn't stay at home. Let's go to the zoo.

你不該留在家里，讓我們去動物園吧。

5．guess who has the eraser 猜一猜誰（手里）有橡皮。

動詞guess后接的是賓語從句。雖然這是一個主從復合句，但由于語序與中文相同，學生不難理解，只要將此句譯成正確的漢語即可，不必做詳細的語法分析。

6．介詞at，in和on都可以用來表示空間的位置。它們之間的區別比較復雜。一般說來，at表示的位置是某一點；on表示的是一條線或一個平面；in表示的位置是一個立體的地方。in the back/ front row之所以用 in，是因為所談到的人或物實際上構成了這條線的一部分。in front of是一個固定詞組，表示“在……的前面”，而 at the front of是指“在……所在范圍的前一部位”。at也可用in替代。例如：

The teacher stands in front of the desk.

教師站在桌子的前面。

The girls sit at/ in the front of the room.

女孩了們坐在房間的前面。

參考教案 Unit 8 Where do you sit教學步驟 Lesson 29 示例三

教學步驟（Teaching steps）

Lesson 29

Step 1 Revision

Revise the prepositions： behind, before, near, far from, at, in, on, outside, inside, etc. by asking about people and objects. For example, Where am I standing? Help the Ss to say You're standing near the door/ blackboard.

Step 2 Presentation

1 Teach hand by holding one up and asking What's this? It's a hand. In the same way, teach This is my right hand. This is my left hand. Go around the class and say to individual Ss Show me your left/ right hand. You may also tell the Ss Put up your left/ right hand. Do it quickly.

2 Draw a road on the Bb. Point and say This is the right hand side of the road. This is the left hand side of the road. Ss listen and repeat. Then ask In China, on which side of the road do cars and bikes go? What about in England? Help the Ss to answer (right hand side; left hand side). Ask about Ss: On which side of the classroom does A sit?

3 Present phrases using on (my) left/ right. Talk about a pair of Ss. Say A is on B's right.

Where's A? Where's B? B, where's A? etc.

Repeat with other pairs. Ask randomly about Ss in the class.

Step 3 Presentation

Divide the class into three groups, the front/ middle/ back. Talk about Ss： C sits at the front of the classroom. Z sits at the back of the classroom. M sits in the middle of the classroom. Where does C/ Z/ M sit? Ask about other Ss.

In the same way, practise D sits at the front of the classroom on the left-hand side. Y sits at the back of the classroom on the right-hand side. N sits in the middle of the classroom on the left- hand side.

Step 4 Game

"Guess who!" Describe the position of a student. The class must guess whom you are describing. He/ She sits at the front of the class on the right-hand side. He/ She sits in the third row. on A's left. Who is he/ she?

When a student guesses the answer correctly, he or she describes the position of another student in the same way. This game can be played in pairs.

Step 5 Reading

SB page 29, Part 1. Read through the vocabulary in the picture with the Ss. Get them to point to the appropriate part as they speak. Then give an example： Li Lei sits at the front. Ask Where does Bill sit?

Read through the choice of answers in SB page29, Part 2. Then the Ss ask and answer in pairs. Tell them to ask about different people in Part 2 and the picture.

Check the answers with the whole class.

Step 6 Workbook

Wb Lesson 29, Exx. 1-4.

Do Ex. 1 orally in class. The Ss can supply the appropriate prepositions. The answers are： at, in, of, to, on, of, in, of, in, in, in, of, of, in, on, on. Ask several individual Ss the questions in Ex. 2 before the class ask and answer in pairs. For Ex. 3, Ss write the appropriate dialogue in their exercise book. Perform the dialogue with some of them, by asking Where do you like sitting?

If there is enough time, do Ex. 4. Give the Ss a few moments to prepare their sentences. (They could work in pairs or groups to do this exercise. )Collect suitable answers and get the class to practise saying them. If possible, ask them to write down the sentences.

Homework

Finish off the Workbook exercises.

Revise the expressions of position.

參考教案 Unit 8 Where do you sit教學步驟 Lesson 30 示例三

Lesson 30

Step 1 Revision

1 Check the homework： Revise expressions of position and get the Ss to make up some sentences about their classroom.

2 Play the Guess who! game as in Lesson 29, Step 4.

Step 2 Presentation

Ask five Ss to come to the front and arrange them as follows:

Revise behind, next to, before, in the middle, on (A's) right /left by saying C is behind A. D is next to C. B is before D. A is on B's left. E is in the middle. Ss practise these sentences. Teach in front of and give some examples. Say Tell me three things about D. Each sentence will use a different phrase, e.g. D is next to C/ behind B/ on C's right. Talk about Ss in the class： Tell me about (Name). See how many different sentences the Ss can make up.

Step 3 Practice

SB page 30, Part 1. Read through the choice of answers with the Ss. Ask some Ss the questions as a model, then let the class ask and answer in pairs.

Step 4 Practice

SB page 30, Part 2. Look at colour page iv and let the Ss ask and answer in pairs. Then check the answers with the whole class.

Step 5 Presentation

Books closed! Say these words, touching the appropriate features： head, eyes, nose, ears, face, arm, hand，leg, foot. Ss listen and repeat, making the same gestures. Do this twice. Write down all the words on the Bb. Say Touch your nose! Demonstrate. Repeat with other parts of the body. See who can get it right! Briefly read through the words and help the Ss to learn their pronunciation using the spelling rules.

Step 6 Read and learn

SB page 30, Part 3. Speech Cassette Lesson 30. Books open! Play the tape. Ss listen and repeat, pointing to the words in the book as they speak.

Step 7 Drawing

SB page 30, Part 4. Get the Ss to draw the picture in their exercise books. Make sure they use his or her correctly.

Step 8 Workbook

Wb Lesson 30, Exx. 1 and 3. Do these exercises orally with the whole class.

Homework

Finish off the Workbook exercises.

Do Wb Lesson 30, Exx. 2 and 3 in the exercise books.

Learn the parts of the body.

參考教案 Unit 8 Where do you sit教學步驟 Lesson 31 示例三

Lesson 31

Step 1 Revision

Revise the parts of the body. Say What's this? and touch your nose (or a nose on a picture ). Play the game in Lesson 32, Step 3 with the whole class.

Step 2 Presentation

Collect several objects on your desk, including an eraser. Ask the Ss about each object in the usual way： What's this in English? What colour is it? etc. Then say I can't find the eraser. Where is it? Get the Ss to give you directions, using next to/ in front of/ behind/ on, etc. Tip: don't find the eraser straight away! Make the Ss give you a number of directions before you "find" it!

Repeat with other objects.

Step 3 Reading

SB page 31, Part 1. Preteach the word pass by giving a book to a student and saying Please pass the book to (Name). Then ask How do the students play this game? Let the Ss read the passage to find the answer. Then allow the Ss a few moments to read the passage more slowly. Get the Ss to prepare answers to the question in pairs. Check the answers with the whole class. Point out "pair" words： from … to… ;first… then. Explain the meaning of They mustn't look (i.e. They are not allowed to look) and They must keep their eyes closed (i.e. They must not open their eyes) . Note that mustn't/ 'm+)snt/ cannot be pronounced as /'m+)znt/. When teaching the word pass, give a book to a student sitting at the back. Then say Please pass the book from the back to the front. Listening Cassette Lesson 31. Play the tape. Ss listen and repeat. Then get individual Ss to read the passage aloud.

Step 4 Workbook

Wb Lesson 31, Ex. 2. (SB closed!) Do the first few sentences with the class, then let the Ss work alone or on pairs. Ss check the answers from SB page 31, Part 1. The answers are： to, like, in, behind, in, of, behind, of, from, to, behind, on, on, like, in.

Do Ex. 4 orally in class.

Step 5 Listening

Wb Lesson 31, Ex, 1. Listening Cassette Lesson 31. Play the tape twice or three times.

Listening text:

Look at the pictures of the children. We don't know their names!

Listen, and find out their names, and write them in the boxes.

Tim sits in the middle. Betty sits on his right. Alex sits on Tim's left. Joan sits to the left of Alex. Mary does not sit next to Alex. She sits next to Betty.

The answers are: 1 Mary, 2 Betty, 3 Tim, 4 Alex, 5 Joan.

Step 6 Game

Wb Lesson 31, Ex. 3. First, get the Ss to tell you the rules of the game. Next, play the game, inviting six different Ss to the front each time.

Note： This is another way of playing this game： the children can keep their eyes open! The children passing the rubber must be much more careful!

Homework

Revise the new vocabulary in this unit.

參考教案 Unit 8 Where do you sit教學步驟 Lesson 32 示例三

Lesson 32

Step 1 Revision

Revise positions in the classroom, as in Lesson 29, Steps 3 and 4 of the TB . Revise SB Lesson 31, Part 1.

Step 2 Word families

SB page 32, Part 1. Speech Cassette Lesson 32. Play the tape. Ss listen and repeat. Practise the individual sounds, then show random flashcards with words for the Ss to pronounce. Do Wb Lesson 32, Ex . 1. Ask four Ss to do the exercise on the Bb while the other Ss write it in their exercise books . Then check the answers with the class .

Step 3 Game

Revise the names of parts of the body： What's this? etc. Then SB page 32, Part 2. Read through the instructions . Play "Polly says" . Get the Ss to play this game in groups. One student gives instructions while you act as judge . (If he/ she doesn't say "Polly says" . Ss should not do anything . Those who make a mistake must sit down . ) e . g .

S： Polly says touch your (eyes).

Encourage the Ss to use different verb phrases such as Wash your hair/…

Step 4 Checkpoint 8

Go through Checkpoint in the usual way. This is a good time to revise the different prepositions, particularly the uses of in, on, at in phrases. Discuss any problems that the Ss raise.

Step 5 Test

Draw this diagram on the Bb：

Sam Mike

Lily Wei Hua Lin Tao

Bill Smith

Give the Ss an example: Sam sits at the front of the classroom .

Ask the Ss to write five more sentences about the diagram.

Step 6 Workbook

Wb Lesson 32, Ex . 2.

Let the Ss work alone or in pairs . They can find words going up, down, left and right. When the Ss report their answers , they should describe where the word is： in the third line on the left -hand side there is the word "touch". Rows go across .Lines go down. Get the Ss to number the lines and rows before they start to do the exercise . The answers are:

Line Row

1 left tea 2 side

2 ear 4 head

3 touch hair 6 front full

4 hand 9 foot

5 next 10 black pass

7 middle 11 face

8 back

9 eye nose

11 right

13 question

14 leg

15 arm no

Step 7 Song

Wb Lesson 32, Ex. 3 is optional. Do it in class if time permits . Speech Cassette Lesson 32.Listen to the tape and repeat. Practise this song verse by verse. Get the students to make appropriate gestures as they sing.

Homework

Learn the song.

Learn the contents of Checkpoint 8.