1.代詞的概念： 代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。
按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。
2.代詞記憶表格
名稱(chēng) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng)
人稱(chēng)
代詞 主格 I you he, she, it we you they
賓格 me you him, her, it us you them
物主
代詞 形容
詞性 my your his, her, its our your their
名詞性 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs
反身代詞 myself yourself himself, herself,itself ourselves yourselves themselves
中考真題在線(xiàn)：
( ) 1. _____ is my son. Do you like to play with ______?
A. You, you B. She, her C. I, me D. He, him
( ) 2. --Is this ____ ruler? ---No. _____ is over there.
A. her, Her B. her, Hers C. hers, Hers D. hers, He
3.人稱(chēng)代詞的主格和賓格的區(qū)別
【例句觀察】1) He is so kind that we all like him.
2) She is ill in hospital and her mother is looking after her.
【歸納總結(jié)】
人稱(chēng)代詞的主格作主語(yǔ)，放在________之前；賓格作賓語(yǔ)，放在________或________之后。
記憶技巧: 主語(yǔ)用主格，賓語(yǔ)用賓格，屬于誰(shuí)所有用所有格。
【中考真題再現(xiàn)】
( )1.My father is ill in bed. I have to look after ______at home.
A. he B. his C. him D.himself
4. 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別
【例句觀察】1) This is my bag, and that is yours (= your bag).
2) Their school is much bigger than ours ( our school).
【歸納總結(jié)】
形容詞性物主代詞只能作_________(定語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))，修飾后面所接的_______；
而名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“_______________ + _______”，其后_______接名詞
【中考真題再現(xiàn)】
( )1.-Is that ______dog? –No. _______ is white.
A. his; His B. her; His C. he; His D. her; Her
( )2.What I want to say is this pronunciation is very important in.______ English learning. A. we B. us C. our D. Ours
5. it的用法
a.作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)。
1) It’s + adj. + (for/of sb) +to do sth. “對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事…”
【例句觀察】1）It's very hard for him to study two languages.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很難的。
2）It's very nice of you to help me. 你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。
【歸納總結(jié)】
for sb. 常用于表示________(人物/事物)的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等；
of sb. 常用于一般用表示_______(人物/事物)的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right, humorous ,stupid等。
3）主語(yǔ)+ find (make/ think/ feel) + it (is ) + adj. + (for sb ) + to do sth
主語(yǔ)+ found (made / thought/ felt) + it (was) + adj. + (for sb ) + to do sth
e.g.: Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?
=Do you think it is necessary to learn to wait in line?
【中考真題再現(xiàn)】
( ) 1. ____is kind of him to give us a hand. A. That B. It C. You D. He
( ) 2. I feel ___ necessary to have sports every day. A. you B. that C. it D. it was
b.指嬰兒或不明身份、性別的人以及談話(huà)的雙方都知道的人和事。
【中考真題再現(xiàn)】
( ) 1、Who is standing over there? ________.
A. It’s me B. It’s I C. I am D. I knock
( ) 2、Who is that man? ______ must be our headmaster.
A. He B. It C. That D. It’s
c. 指天氣、時(shí)間或距離等。
e.g. 1) It is sunny today. Let’s go out for a walk. 2) It’s eight o’clock now. It’s time for class. 3）It’s ten kilometers from my home to school.
6. 不定代詞
some 一些 any 任何的 one一個(gè) none一個(gè)沒(méi)有 many許多
every 每個(gè) each每個(gè) both兩個(gè) much許多 another另一個(gè)
either（兩者）任何一個(gè) neither兩個(gè)都不 few很少 little很少 other(s)其余
復(fù)合不定代詞：
one body thing
some someone
any
every everybody
no nothing
( )1. I have two sisters, but _____of them is a teacher.(2013 山東濰坊)
A. all B. neither C. both D. none
( )2. I have two sisters, but _____of them is a teacher.(2013 山東濰坊)
A. all B. neither C. both D. none
【例句觀察】
① I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情告訴你。（肯定句）代詞置于形容詞前
②Would you like something to drink? 你想要點(diǎn)兒喝的嗎？（請(qǐng)求）
③ I can’t see anything in the dark room. 在這個(gè)黑暗的房間里我什么也看不見(jiàn)。（否定句）
④Anything is possible. 一切皆有可能。（肯定句）
⑤If you have any questions, please ask me. 有問(wèn)題請(qǐng)問(wèn)我。（條件句）
⑥Everyone is here today. 今天大家都來(lái)齊了。
【歸納總結(jié)】
(1)some- 類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞多用于肯定句中；any-類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞多用于______、______和_______中，也可用與肯定句中，意為“任何人”或“任何事”。
(2)復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞所修飾時(shí)，形容詞要放在不定代詞的________。
(3)不定代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用________________________。
【中考真題再現(xiàn)】
( ) 1. If ________ comes to ask for this book, you can sell it.
A. someone B. anyone C. nothing D. something
( ) 2. I asked her for ____milk, but she didn’t have _____.
A. any; some B. some; any C. some; some
( ) 3. –What did you buy for you r daughter at the supermarket?
--I bought _______, because I couldn’t find ______ she likes.
A. something; anything B. anything ; something C. nothing; anything D. something; nothing
1.復(fù)合不定代詞的用法
①表示單數(shù) 例: There is something wrong with his bike.
②復(fù)合不定代詞 + 形容詞 例: There is nothing new in this book..
③some一類(lèi)用于肯定句 例：I have some English books.
④any一類(lèi)用于否定和疑問(wèn)句， 例：Do you have anything to eat?
2.★some 和any的特殊用法
①any可用于肯定句，表示“任何”的意思
例：You may take any of them. 你可以拿走其中的任何一個(gè)。
②some用于期望得到肯定的回答或請(qǐng)求邀請(qǐng)的問(wèn)句中
例：Would you like some bananas? ------Yes, please. 要吃些香蕉嗎？------是的，請(qǐng)拿些給我。
3.①other “其余的”，用在名詞前 例: Jim is taller than the other students in his class.
②one--- , the other--- “兩者中一個(gè)---, 另一個(gè)---”
例:I have two pens. One is red, the other is black.
我有兩只鋼筆。一只是紅色的，另一只是黑色的。
I have three pens. One is red, the other two are black.
我有三只鋼筆。一只是紅色的，另兩只是黑色的。
★③some--- , others--- “有的---, 有的---”
例:There are many students outside. Some are singing, others are dancing.
外面有許多學(xué)生。有的學(xué)生在唱歌，有的在跳舞。
這里others =other students(剩下的學(xué)生一部分在跳舞，不是全部)
★④some---, the others--- “有的---,有的---”
例:There are many students outside. Some are singing, the others are dancing.
外面有很多學(xué)生。有的學(xué)生在唱歌，其余的學(xué)生全部都在跳舞。
這里 the others =the other students(剩下的學(xué)生全部都在跳舞)
4.another“又，再”，表示三者或以上中不定的一個(gè)
例:These shoes are small. I want to buy another pair. 這些鞋子太小了。我想再買(mǎi)一雙。
Please give me another five minutes. 請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我五分鐘。