科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit14.doc
標(biāo)題 Satellites
章節(jié) 第十四 單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語第十四單元
內(nèi)容
一、教學(xué)目的和要求
1.單詞和詞組：
broad circle in space pull (n.) L.54 四會
carry out question (vt.) L.55
so/as far as personally exhibition L.53 三會
camera fold unfold connect object L.54
direction position
organization dozen dozens of dust dusty height L.55
pilot ballon mention model length attempt
globe
signal orbit rocket panel L.54 二會
outer Sputnik L.55
2.日常交際用語
What do you feel like doing ? I feel like……
Personally , I’d rather (not) do…… I’m ready to……
What would you like to do ? I’d like……
I’m planning to do……
What do you plan to do ? I want / intend / wish / plan to…
Have you decided…to … ? I haven’t decided what / where to…
3.語法：
復(fù)習(xí)定語從句的用法
二、重點與難點
L.53
1. I feel like going to a museum . 我想去參觀博物館。
此句中的短語動詞feel like作“想（做某事）”、“愿意”、“感到象是……樣子”解，它表示主觀上的想法，后面跟名詞或動名詞形式。例如：
I’m hungry , I feel like eating something . 我餓了，我想吃點什么東西。
She didn’t feel like going to see a film that moment , for she had too much homework to do .
那時她不想去看電影，因為她有許多作業(yè)要做。
Do you feel like coffee or soft drink ? 你想喝咖啡還是飲料？
表示“想要做某事”的意思時，本課中還出現(xiàn)了 “would like to do sth” “plan to do sth”和would rather do sth .例如：
I’d like to visit the History Museum . 我想?yún)⒂^歷史博物館。
What are you planning to do this Sunday ? 你打算星期日做什么？
I’d rather stay at home . 我寧愿呆在家里。
2.So far as I know , it’s free . 據(jù)我所知，那個博物館是不收門票的。
a)句中的so / as far as I know作插入語，與句子中的其它部分關(guān)系不密切，通常用逗號分開，其意思是“就我所知”。另外，so / as far as通常引出一個分句，意思為“就……而言”，“盡……”，“至于……”，“到某種程度”。例如：
So / As far as I know , we won’t be late , because we have plenty of time .
就我可知我們是不會晚的，因為我們有足夠的時間。
As far as he is concerned , he can’t offord such an expensive car .
就他而言，他買不起如此昂貴的車。
He promised to help me as far as he could . 他答應(yīng)要盡力地幫助我。
b)此句中的free意思是“免費的”，“免稅的”。例如：
It’s free of charge and you don’t need to pay it .
這是免費的，因此你不必付錢。
Does everyone in this country enjoy free medical care ?
這個國家的每個人都享受免費醫(yī)療嗎？
3.Personally , I’d rather go to the Science Museum .
就我個人來說，我倒想去科學(xué)博物館。
此處的personally是副詞，意思是“就自己而言”，“就個人來說”，相當(dāng)于Speaking for myself或as far as I am concerned . 例如：
Personally , I agree with you . 就我個人來說，我還是贊同你的。
She said she disliked it , but personally I thought it was worth buying .
她說她不喜歡這個東西，但就我個人來說，我認(rèn)為值得買下來。
除此之外，personally一詞還有“親自地……”之意。例如：
The headmaster personally showed the guests around the school .
校長親自帶領(lǐng)來賓們參觀了學(xué)校。
4. They’ve got a special exhibition on this month .
他們這個月將舉辦一個特別的展覽會。
在此句中，have got…on相當(dāng)于have…on的意思，作“有（某項活動）在進行”解，這里的副詞on有“（某事）在發(fā)生或展示”的意思。例如：
What’s on tonight ? 今晚有什么活動？
I’ve nothing on tonight ? 我今晚沒什么活動。
I’m sorry I didn’t attend your party that night because I had a meeting on for that night .
對不起，那天晚上我沒有參加你的聚會，因我有個會。
L.54
1. To escape the pull of the earth , a rocket must reach a speed of 28.4400 km / h .
為擺脫地球的引力，火箭的速度達(dá)到每小時四萬公里。
a)句中的To escape the pull of the earth是動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作目的狀語，其作用同于In order to escape the pull of the earth .例如：
To master / In order to master English , you must practise every day .
為了精通英語，你應(yīng)該每天練習(xí)。
He worked day and night to finish his papers ahead of time .
為了提前完成論文，他日夜地工作。
b)這里要注意的是動詞escape的用法，作為及物動詞用時，后面跟名詞或動名詞；作為不及物動詞用時，后面跟介詞from，再加方位名詞。例如：
It is reported that two of the prisoners have escaped . 據(jù)報道兩個囚犯逃跑了。
A tiger escaped from the zoo . 一只老虎從動物園跑了出來。
How can we escape the crowds ? 我們?nèi)绾伪荛_人群？
Those who break the law will not escape being punished .
觸犯了法律的人是逃脫不了懲罰的。
c)pull一詞在句中作名詞用，意思是“吸引力”，同gravity。例如：
It’s not easy to break away from the pull of the earth .
要擺接吻地球的吸引力不是那么容易的。
作動詞用時，它還用“拉”，“托”，“拔”的意思。
Let’s go to the yard and pull up weeds . 咱們到院子里去拔草吧。
d)at a speed of表示“以……單位速度”，這時后面加速時的單位，speed一詞前面加不定冠詞。例如：
The car travels at a speed of 90 miles an hour .
小汽車以每小時80英里的速度行駛。
又如：You’ll find it’s a beautiful painting if you enjoy it at a distance of 3 metres .
如果你站在三米的距離以外來欣賞這幅畫，你就會覺得這是一幅漂亮的畫。
The plane is flying at a height of 10,000 metres .
飛機正在10,000米的高空飛行。
2.First , it must be light , the lighter the better , because it has to be sent up into space by a rocket .
首先，它必須很輕，越輕越好，因為衛(wèi)星得用火箭把它送入太空。
“the lighter the better” 在句中是插入語，而且這是一個省略結(jié)構(gòu)，全句應(yīng)是這樣的，
The lighter the satellite is , the better it will be .這種結(jié)構(gòu)為：the + adj / adv .的比較級 + the + adj / adv .的比較級，表示“越……，就越……”的意思。例如：
The more you read , the more you know . 你讀得越多，就知道的越多。
The more the better . 越多越好。
The sooner the better . 越快越好。
The higher it flies . the smaller it appears .它飛得越高，就顯得越小。
3.It has equipment for making electricity from sunshine , using very broad sun panels .
它有太陽能發(fā)電設(shè)備，用的是很寬大的太陽能電池帆板。
a)句中的make…from…的意思是“用……制成……”。它常可以用于波動結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：
I made a table from this kind of material . (The table was made from this kind of material .)
我用這種材料做了一張桌子。
My mother made me a shirt from the material I didn’t like .
我媽媽用我不喜歡的面料給我做了一件襯衣。
b)equipment一詞是不可數(shù)名詞。如以下各句中：
A new factory with modern equipment will be built here .
在這里將要建一個具有現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備的工廠。
Radar equipment helps us a lot in our daily life .
雷達(dá)裝置在日常生活中頗有用處。
c)using very broad sun panels結(jié)構(gòu)是～ing短語形式，其作用是在句中用作方式狀語，修飾making electricity from sunshine。例如：
We Chinese eat our food , using chopsticks , while the westerners eat their food , using forks and Knives .
我們中國人用筷子吃東西，而西方人用刀子和叉子。
4.Once the satellite goes into its orbit round the earth , the panels are unfolded in order to catch the sunshine .
一旦衛(wèi)星進入地球轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)，帆板就打下來吸收陽光。
a)once在句中是連詞，引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as…，在這種從句中，也不用將來時態(tài)，而只用一般時或完成時。例如：
Once I decide to do something , I’ll try my best to do it well .
一旦我決定做什么事，我一定會盡力去把它做好。
Once we have gathered enough proof , we can accuse him at the court .
我們一旦得到足夠的證據(jù)，我們就可以在法庭上指控他。
A decision shouldn’t be changed once it is made .
一旦作出了決定，就不應(yīng)當(dāng)改變它。
另外，once還可以用作副詞，作“一次”，“曾經(jīng)一度”；“過去”解。例如：
I go to see my grandparents once a week . 我每星期去看我的祖父母一次。
The song was once very popular . 這首歌曾經(jīng)一度很流行。
b)動詞unfold (展開)，它和fold (折疊)是一對反義詞。例如：
She opened the letter , unfolded it and than read it .
她拆開信封，把信折開然后讀了起來。
After reading the letter , she folded it and put it in the envelope again .
讀完信之后，她把信疊好，又放入信封。
在英語中，有不少動詞可以用加前綴un- , dis- 的方法，構(gòu)成詞義相反的詞。如：
lock (上鎖) unlock (開鎖) like (喜歡) dislike (厭惡)
dress (穿衣服)undress (脫衣服) appear (出現(xiàn))disappear (消失)
5.They remain above the same place on the earth and travel round it in a very high circle .
它們（衛(wèi)星）保持在地面上周一位置的上方，在高空中環(huán)繞地球運行。
句中的circle一詞是作為名詞用的，它還可以用作動詞。名詞時其意為“圓”，“圈”，而作動詞時，則作“環(huán)繞”，“傳播”解。例如：
The children were standing in a circle , playing games .
孩子們站成一個圈，做游戲。
The teacher asked his students to use their compasses to draw circles .
老師要求學(xué)生們用圓規(guī)畫圓。
He is well known in bussiness circle and has a large circle of friends .
他在商界是知名人士而且也有很多朋友。
The moon circles the earth every 28days . 月亮每28天繞地球一圈。
The plane circled the airport before landing . 飛機著陸前圍繞機場盤旋。
The news circled round very quickly . 這消息很快就傳開了。
6.It is possible to say not only what the weather is like at present , but also what is likely to happen in the next day or two .
因此，它不僅可以報告當(dāng)前的天氣情況，而且可以預(yù)報未來一兩天內(nèi)天氣可能會發(fā)生的情況。
a)It is possible to say…是一個由it作形式主語的句子，真正的主語是不定式to say…，隨后的兩個what-clause都是不定式to say的賓語從句，由not only…but also (不僅……而且……)連接。
b)What is likely to happen…中的likely為表語形容詞，意思是“很可能的”，后面常跟不定式短語，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：be likely to do sth。例如：
Tom is likely to win the game . 湯姆很可能會獲勝。
The volcano is likely to break out . 這座火山可能會爆發(fā)。
He is not likely to do it by himself . 他不大可能獨自做這件事。
c)句中的介詞短語at present意思是“現(xiàn)在”，“目前”，相當(dāng)于now一詞。例如：
I don’t need any help at present . 我目前還不需要任何幫助。
We’re getting along quite well at present . 我們目前相處得還不錯。
需要注意的是present一詞，它既可作形容詞（在場的，出席的），又可作名詞（禮物）和動詞（介紹，引見，贈予），但作動詞時的讀音則為 [pri’zent]。例如：
Were you present at the meeting yesterday ? 你出席昨天的會議了嗎？
Most of the people present were for the decision . 大多數(shù)在場 的人都贊成這一決定。（當(dāng)present一詞作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之后，而不能放在其前面。）
I got a lot of presents on my birthday . 在我生日那天我收到了許多禮物。
The book was a present from my brother . 這本書是哥哥贈送給我的。
They presented a sum of money to the school where they studied years ago .
他們向多年前曾經(jīng)就讀的學(xué)校贈送了一筆款項。
Allow me to present my friend to you . 請允許我把我的朋友介紹給你。
7.Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane .
可以給船只和飛機發(fā)出警報，使它們能夠避開颶風(fēng)經(jīng)過的路線。
此句中的短語動詞keep out of意為“不牽涉進去”，“不要惹事”，“避開”（stay away from something bad）。例如：
Children are warned to keep out of the water . 警告孩子們離開水域。
Do keep out of the rain if you haven’t a raincoat . 沒帶雨衣那就避一下雨。
Mother asked Bill to keep out of trouble while she was away .
媽媽警告比爾在她外出時不要惹麻煩。
L.55
1.Today there are more than 100 nations in this group and dozens of satellites have been put into space .
今天這個集團已擁有200多個成員國，數(shù)十枚衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)被送入太空。
句中的dozen為名詞，意為“一打”（相當(dāng)于a set of twelve），常用作單復(fù)同形，尤其在基數(shù)詞后。例如：
I bought two dozen pencils . 我買了兩打鉛筆。
I’d like to buy a dozen eggs . 我想買一打雞蛋。
注意：在這二個句子中，dozen不加s，后面也不用of。但如果dozen后面有these , those , them , us等詞時，dozen之后就要用of。例如：
Two dozen of them have passed the exam 他們中的二十四個人考試及格了。
另外，dozen表示不確切的多數(shù)時，其后加s，并用of，構(gòu)成了詞組dozens of…
這時表示的是一個較模糊的數(shù)的概念。例如：
Every morning several dozens of people gather in the park to do morning exercise .
每天清晨好幾十人聚集在公園進行晨煉。
I’ve been to the Great Wall dozens of times . 我去過長城許多次了。
2.They can tell the difference between healthy plants and plants that are diseased .
它們（攝像機）還可以識別健康植物和患病植物之間的差異。
a)動詞tell在本句中的意思是“區(qū)分”，“分清”。例如：
I can’t tell the difference between margarine and butter .
我嘗不出人造黃油和黃油有什么區(qū)別。
Can you tell Tom from his twin brother ?
你能分辨出湯姆和他的孿生兄弟嗎？
另外，“tell…from…”也是“說出”，“分清……和……的區(qū)別”的意思。例如：
Colour-blind people can’t tell red from green .
患有色盲的人分不清紅色和綠色。
The twins are so much alike that it’s impossible to tell one from the other .
這對雙胞胎非常相像，幾乎不可能把他們分辨出來。
b)在這個句子中，that are diseased是定語從句，修飾先行詞plants。而這個定語從句中的diseased是形容詞，在從句中作表語，其意為“有病的”，“病態(tài)的”。例如：
The tree in front of the house is diseased and it must be cut down .
房前的這棵樹有病，必須將其砍掉。
She is not only diseased in body but also in mind . 她身心都有毛病。
3.The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air .
從地球上觀察太空存在一個問題，這就是地球的大氣中有著大量的塵埃。
a)句中的介詞短語looking into space from the earth在句中作定語，修飾名詞problem，介詞with在句中的意思是“就……來說。”例如：
But with them the situation is quite different . 就他們來說，情況就大不一樣了。
The chief difficulty with these men was that they were old .
這些人的主要困難是年紀(jì)太大了。
b)look into這一短語動詞是“觀察”，“窺視”的意思。例如：
He looked into the room , but saw nothing .
他們朝房間里看了看，但是什么也沒看見。
另外，look into還有“調(diào)查”，“了解”，“研究”的意思。例如：
We’ll look into the matter together . 我們將一起調(diào)查這件事。
Perhaps you wouldn’t mind looking into it for me ?
也許你不介意幫我了解一下這事吧？
He said he was looking into the possibility of buying a house .
他說他正在研究買房的可能性。
4.The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space .
充滿塵埃的大氣給拍攝太空的清晰圖象造成了困難。
在這個句子中含有一個帶有it作為形式賓語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這就是make it difficult to get a clear picture，而真正的賓語則是動詞不定式短語to get a clear picture .
英語中有些及物動詞，其后要求跟復(fù)合賓語時，都可以跟一個帶形式賓語it的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；這些動詞有find , suppose , think , make , consider等。而在這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，往往有一個形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語。例如：
I. consider it great honour to have been invited to such an important meeting .
我認(rèn)為被邀參加如此重要的會議是極大的榮幸。
He found it rather difficult to work the problem out without any help .
他覺得沒有任何幫助而解決這一難題是相當(dāng)困難的。
Children should make it a rule to wash hands before meals .
孩子們應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個規(guī)矩，就是用餐前要洗手。
He’s such a strange person that we all find it hard to get along with him .
他這人很怪，因此我們覺得很難與他相處。
II. Grammar語法
The attributive Clause定語從句
這里著重復(fù)習(xí)一下關(guān)于“介語+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。指人用關(guān)系代詞whom , 指物用關(guān)系代詞which。whom和which都是介詞的賓語。例如：
This is the room in which he lives .= This is the room where he lives .
第二句中的where是關(guān)系副詞，而第一句中的in which = where，介詞in在前時，關(guān)系代詞which不能省略，也不能用that代替。上面的句子也可以改寫成：
This is the room (which / that) he / lives in .
從這句子中可以看出介詞in在后時，關(guān)系代詞用which或that均可，且都可以省略。請看下面二組句子，1)中的句子是錯誤的，而2)中的則是正確的。
1)The earth on where we live is a big ball .
The earth where we live on is a big ball . 我們所居住生活的地球是球狀的。
The earth on that we live is a big ball .
2)The earth on which we live is a big ball .
The earth which we live on is a big ball .
The earth that we live on is a big ball .
The earth we live on is a big ball .
The earth where we live is a big ball .
三、同步測試
I.選擇最佳答案：
1. “Have you been to Canada ?” “Yes , I’ve been there .”
A. once , ever B. even , once C. ever , once D. already , once
2. All the agreed to the plan .
A. people at present B. present people C. at present people D. people present
3. It’s hard for me to the difference between the two .
A. say B. tack C. tell D. speak
4. The beautiful dress Miss Black went to the party was borrowed from a friend of hers .
A. worn by B. wearing which C. that D. in which
5. Scientists built a telescope they could study the skies .
A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it
6. Nothing can travel light .
A. at a speed of B. with a speed of C. with the speed of D. at the speed of
7. Do you feel like to the cinema ?
A. go B. going C. to go D. went
8. I’ll look the book before I buy it .
A. through B. into C. up D. at
9. I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress .
A. in which B. which C. on which D. on that
10. I’ve bought two new pens , writes well .
A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them
11.Someone says to you “Would you like to come with us for an outing tomorrow ?”
You wish to accept so you say ?
A. I want to very much B. Yes , I like . C. Yes , I like to D. Yes , I’d like to
12.The students went out of the hall , .
A. talked and laughed B. to talk and laugh
C. being talked and laughed D. talking and laughing
13. placstics , the machine is light in weight .
A. To make B. Having made of C. Making of D. Made of
14. Please wait . The coins from your savings-box by that machine .
A. were counted B. were being counted
C. are being counted D. have counted
15. “ your good work ,” she says .
A. Keep on B. Keep up C. Keep out D. Keep off
16. The authorities are your complaints .
A. looking over B. looking into C. looking out D. looking down
17. The boss was dissatisfied with the office early last week-end .
A. his leave B. he left C. his leaving D. he leaving
18. She has a beautiful face she takes great pride .
A. which B. in which C. of which D. to wich
19. At first Jane found .
A. Chinese difficult to be spoken B. Chinese difficult to speak
C. it difficulty to speak Chinese D. her difficult to speak Chinese
20. The tiger is still very cruel though it has been shut in the cage for two years . We must .
A. Keep to it B. Keep it up C. Keep it out D. Keep off it
II. 完型填空
Life was beginning to make Linda feel 1 . London sometimes seemed too noisy and dirty . At times she felt very lonely . But now there was something 2 . There were words going
3 that the EBC was in money trouble , and would have to 4 the number of jobs . Linda knew that since she had been one of the 5 hired , she would probably be one of the first 6 . Then , one Friday afternoon , she was told that Wilson wanted to see her . Her heart 7 . People always got 8 just before the weekend .
Wilson looked quit 9 . He said he had meant to tell her 10 earlier but had forgotten . Linda 11 cried out . She turned very pale . She could feel her 12 beating loudly . Wilson asked her if she was 13 . He found her unusually excited . She 14 her courage and asked him to 15 . Then he said that the department had certain difficulties and that he would like to
16 them to her . She sat 17 and waited for the 18 to come . “We’re enlarging the department , 19 new members . But we are in need of 20 . I wonder if you’d 21
sharing your office with two new reporters . It won’t 22 long ,” he said . Linda was so 23
that she hardly knew what to say . Then Wilson said that he would like to put her in 24 of training the new reporters . “There’ll be a rise for you , 25 ,” he added .
1. A. bad B. well C. shy D. proud
2. A. wrong B. nice C. worse D. better
3. A. on B. up C. about D. over
4. A. work B. divide C. increase D. reduce
5. A. first B. last C. best D. worst
6. A. went B. gone C. to go D. going
7. A. sank B. broke C. fell D. rose
8. A. hired B. dismissed C. paid D. scolded
9. A. troubled B. silly C. ashamed D. pleased
10. A. that B. about it C. everything D. something
11. A. really B. never C. almost D. certainly
12. A. hard B. heart C. feet D. boss
13. A. mistaken B. fooled C. right D. all right
14. A. kept up B. hept on C. kept out D. kept off
15. A. sit down B. help C. stop D. go on
16. A. give B. explain C. solve D. apologize
17. A. down B. back C. up D. over
18. A. boss B. lesson C. difficulty D. blow
19. A. dismissing B. hiring C. driving D. showing
20. A. space B. money C. reporters D. time
21. A. think B. suggest C. mind D. keep
22. A. wait B. act C. last D. get
23. A. light heart B. light-heart C. light hearted D. light-hearted
24. A. need B. charge C. danger D. face
25. A. above all B. as usual C. of course D. in fact
III. 改錯：
Joan was a college student . She had still a more year to 1.
do in the course . Her father and she often quarrelled about 2.
if it was the right thing for her to do at all . Her father 3.
did think that she would really be able to get a “proper job” at 4.
the end of the course . But he was willing to let her to go on if 5.
she didn’t wander about and what was the trouble . She has 6.
just given a good chance to go on a one-month trip abroad with a small 7.
folk music group . It could mean interrupting her studies for a 8.
few weeks since the trip was about to start at the beginning of 9.
The winter term . What could she tell her father about it ? 10.
四、參考答案
I. 1──5 C D C D C 6──10 D B A C B 11──15 D D D C B
16──20 B C B B D
II. 1──5 A C C D B 6──10 C A B A B 11──15 C B D A D
16──20 B B D B A 21──25 C C D B C
III. 1.將more前加a改成one 2. √ 3.將if改成whether 4.將did改成didn’t
5.去掉go前的to 6.將what改成that 7.在given之前加been
8.將could改成would 9.去掉about 10.將What改成How