詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．Our cars are ____________ only in colour.Actually they are of great difference.
2．Do you believe in the ____________ of God?
3．She was shocked by the violent scenes she had ____________.
4．We have made great ____________ in controlling inflation.
5．His evidence ________ me that the first reports were true.
6．When __________ (研究)，they met lots of difficulties.
7．He was __________ (感到失望的)to hear that he failed again.
8．These measures are strongly __________(支持)by environmental groups.
9．He __________ (搜索)the Web for interesting sites.
10．The detective told us he wouldn’t give up until he found convincing __________(證據(jù))．
11．There is a __________(possible)that he will arrive late.
12．No one knows how the universe came into __________(exist)．
1.similar 2.existence 3.witnessed 4.progress 5.convinced 6.researching 7.disappointed 8.supported 9.searched 10.evidence 11.possibility 12.existence
短語匯集
1．________________ 加緊，加強(qiáng)，促進(jìn)
2．________________ 由于，因?yàn)?/p>
3．________________ 出現(xiàn)，露面
4．________________ 根據(jù)
5．________________ 排除
6．________________ 調(diào)查；檢查
7．________________ 編造，捏造，杜撰
8．________________ 負(fù)責(zé)，接管
9．________________ 追，追趕
10．________________ 平均
1.step up 2.due to 3.show up 4.according to 5.rule out 6.look into 7.make up 8.take charge of 9.run after 10.on average
語句試譯
1．(回歸課本P18)Yetis are ________ ________ ________heavily built and hairy.
據(jù)說雪人身體龐大，毛茸茸的。
2．(回歸課本P18)They say that the footprints ________ ________ ________ made by bears or other animals.
他們說這些腳印很可能是熊或其他動(dòng)物踩出來的。
3．(回歸課本P3)Standing inside ________ lots of whiteMskinned，strangeMlooking creatures with large black eyes.
里面站著許多白皮膚、樣子奇怪、長著黑色大眼睛的生物。
4．(回歸課本P2)However，police found that Justin ________ in fact return home on Friday night at about 11 p．m..
然而，警方發(fā)現(xiàn)賈斯汀在星期五晚上11點(diǎn)左右肯定回過家。
1.said to be 2.could have been 3.were 4.did
核心知識(shí)
1. puzzling adj. 令人困惑不解的
(回歸課本P2)Boy missing，police puzzled.
男孩失蹤，警方困惑。
歸納拓展
frightened/frightening
disappointed/disappointing
surprised/surprising
satisfied/satisfying
excited/exciting
interested/interesting
pleased/pleasing
bored/boring
tired/tiring
例句探源
①It puzzles scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.科學(xué)家很疑惑這些生物是如何在這樣艱難的條件下存活的。
②(牛津P1616)She had a puzzled look on her face.
她滿面迷惑的表情。
③It’s a rather puzzling film.這是一部很難懂的電影。
1．完成句子
(1)被指責(zé)后，學(xué)生們不知道下一步怎么辦。
After being blamed，the students ________ ________ (________) what to do next.
答案：are puzzled (about)
(2)最讓人不解的是梅森等了一周才報(bào)了案。
The most ________ was the fact that Mason waited a week to report the crime.
答案：puzzling
(3)令我不解的是他為什么悄悄離開這個(gè)國家。
________ ________ ________ is why he left the country without telling anyone.
答案：What puzzles me
2. search n．& vi.& vt. 搜索，搜尋，搜查
(回歸課本P2)Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteenMyearMold boy who went missing two days ago in Dover，New Hampshire.
警方已經(jīng)加緊對(duì)一名15歲的失蹤男孩的搜索，該男孩于兩天前在新罕布什爾州的多佛市失蹤。
歸納拓展
【溫馨提示】 (1)search在作名詞用時(shí)，前面一般有a，the或物主代詞等限定詞，這時(shí)在其后既可跟of也可跟for，但意義不一樣。跟of時(shí)表示的是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，of后面的名詞是“被搜的對(duì)象”；跟for時(shí)后面的名詞則是“尋找的目標(biāo)”。(2)in search of是個(gè)固定習(xí)語，of后面的名詞一定是“尋找的目標(biāo)”。如果search前有物主代詞或不定冠詞修飾，用介詞for，即in a/one’s search for。
例句探源
①The search has cost them a lot of time and money.
搜索耗費(fèi)他們大量的時(shí)間和金錢。
②(朗文P1834)They travelled widely in search of work.
他們四處奔波找工作。
③(牛津P1796)Police searched for clues in the area.
警察在那一地帶查找線索。
④The youths were arrested and searched for anything that would incriminate them.警察逮捕了那些年輕人，并進(jìn)行搜身尋找使他們負(fù)罪的東西。
2．用search及相關(guān)詞組的正確形式填空：
(1)These migrant workers moved from city to city ________ ________ ________ work.
答案：in search of
(2)They ________ him，but found nothing.
答案：searched
(3)After a long ________ ________ the book in the library，he found what he wanted.
答案：search for
(4)Let’s join them ________
________/________ ________ ________ the lost child.
答案：in their/the search for
3. witness n．[C] 目擊者，證人
vt. 目擊，見證
(回歸課本P2)Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his home at 10∶45 p．m..
目擊者也說他們看見賈斯廷晚上10∶45朝家走去。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①In his lifetime，Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865...
一生中，道格拉斯見證了1865年奴隸制的結(jié)束……
②(牛津P2313)Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility.近年來人們的社會(huì)流動(dòng)性越來越大。
③(朗文P2358)We have been witness to the rapid transformation of the neighborhood.
我們見證了周邊地區(qū)的快速變遷。
3．完成句子
(1)他目睹了我們家鄉(xiāng)的巨大變化。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ in our hometown.
答案：witnessed the great changes
(2)被告有很多證人說他無罪。
The accused had ________ ________ to say that he was not guilty.
答案：many witnesses
(3)神舟七號(hào)的成功發(fā)射是我們偉大祖國日益強(qiáng)盛的有力見證。
The successful launch of Shenzhou Ⅶ is ________ ________ ________ ________ our country’s increasing prosperity.
答案：a powerful witness to
4. convincing adj. 令人信服的
(回歸課本P18)He became convinced that they exist while studying the footprints.
他在研究這些腳印的過程中越發(fā)相信野人的確存在。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①I was convinced he would be more famous than Chaplin.
我相信他將比卓別林更出名。
②(朗文P443)He’ll try to convince you of Mitchell’s innocence.他會(huì)設(shè)法使你相信米切爾是無辜的。
③(牛津P438)I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
我一直勸他去看病。
4．完成句子
(1)除非你使我相信你是可靠的，否則我不會(huì)再信任你。
I will never trust you any longer unless you ________ ________ ________ your reliance.
答案：convince me of
(2)我們說服Ann坐火車而不是坐飛機(jī)去。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ by train rather than by plane.
答案：convinced Ann to go
★5.There has been no ________ evidence to prove the ________ of life on other planets.
A．convincing；existence
B．convinced；existence
C．convinced；exist
D．convincing；exist
解析：選A。第一空表示“令人信服的證據(jù)”，第二空意思是指“生命的存在”，由此可以確定答案為A。句意為：還沒有令人信服的證據(jù)來證明其他行星上存在生命。
5. similar adj. 相似的，類似的
(回歸課本P18)Each reported sighting produces similar descriptions of the creature.
每個(gè)看到這種生物的人對(duì)它的描述都是相似的。
歸納拓展
be similar to與……相似
be similar in在……方面相似
similarly adv.相似地
similarity n.相似；相似點(diǎn)/性
例句探源
①(牛津P1869)My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.我的教學(xué)風(fēng)格和多數(shù)教師相似。
②(朗文P1911)We have similar tastes in music.
我們對(duì)音樂的品味相近。
6．完成句子
(1)Many French words __________ __________ __________(與……相似)English ones.
答案：are similar to
(2)Rose bought some new shoes that are very __________ (相似的)to the pair she had before.
答案：similar
★7.My opinions on the matter are __________ to Kay’s while Mark’s are __________ from her.
A．similar；different B．similar；differ
C．familiar；different D．familiar；differ
解析：選A。be similar to 與……相似，be different from 與……不同。句意：我在這件事情上的看法與Kay的相同，但Mark和她的看法不同。故A正確。
★8.(2010年福建順昌高三模擬)Our bodies are strengthened by working out.__________，our minds are developed by learning.
A．Likely B．Similarly
C．Probably D．Therefore
解析：選B。likely可能地；similarly類似地，相似地；probably可能地；therefore因此。句意：通過工作可以增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，同樣，通過學(xué)習(xí)可以開發(fā)智力。
6. strength n．[C]&[U] 力量；力氣
(回歸課本P18)The engineers ran after the creature，which ran with amazing speed and strength.
當(dāng)工程師們追趕野人時(shí)，野人卻以驚人的速度和體力奔跑起來。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P2039)Sarah hugged her brother with all her strength.
薩拉使盡全力擁抱她弟弟。
②(牛津P1997)It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要幾個(gè)星期你才能恢復(fù)體力。
③The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.
能夠保持冷靜是她的多項(xiàng)長處之一。
易混辨析
strength，energy，force，power
(1)strength指(物的)強(qiáng)度、(人的)力氣，尤指承受重物的力量。還可指人的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)、長處。
(2)energy含義是物理定義“能”。用于人時(shí)，指人的精力、工作能力，還可指能量、能源。
(3)force指物理學(xué)上的力，尤指人或物撞擊或推動(dòng)物體時(shí)所用的力；也指為做成某事而使用的力量，還可指武力、強(qiáng)制力、效力。
(4)power可指一切內(nèi)存的、外來的、具體的或抽象的力，可引申為勢力、政權(quán)等；也指電力、動(dòng)力、功率。
9．用strength，force，energy，power填空：
(1)Knowledge is __________.
答案：power
(2)Old as he is，he is full of __________.
答案：energy
(3)He lost some of the __________ in his muscles when he stopped exercising.
答案：strength
(4)The police had to use __________ when they took him to the police station.
答案：force
★10.To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their __________ and weaknesses.
A．strengths B．benefits
C．techniques D．values
解析：選A。空缺處應(yīng)選與weaknesses相對(duì)的詞，只有A項(xiàng)正確。benefit利益，好處；technique技術(shù)，技巧；value價(jià)值，均不符合題意。
★11.-You are always full of __________.Can you tell me the secret?
-Taking plenty of exercise every day.
A．power B．strength
C．force D．energy
解析：選D。句意：-你總是精力旺盛，能否說一下你的秘訣？-每天都做充足的鍛練。power 權(quán)力，勢力；strength力氣，優(yōu)勢；force力，武力；energy精力；be full of energy指“精力旺盛”，符合題意。
7. due to 因?yàn)椋捎?/p>
(回歸課本P2)People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sightings of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time of his disappearance.
公眾對(duì)男孩的失蹤表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣，原因是在他失蹤前后有人聲稱看到天空中出現(xiàn)令人迷惑不解的亮光，還有關(guān)于外星人造訪地球的報(bào)道。
歸納拓展
(1)be due for sth.應(yīng)有，應(yīng)得到某物,be due to do sth.預(yù)定、預(yù)計(jì)、預(yù)期做某事
be due to sb.應(yīng)給予某人；應(yīng)支付給某人
(2)because of由于，因?yàn)?/p>
owing to由于，因?yàn)?/p>
on account of由于，因?yàn)?/p>
thanks to幸虧，由于；多虧(常表示正面的原因
例句探源
①(牛津P621)Most of the problems were due to human error.
多數(shù)問題都是人為錯(cuò)誤造成的。
②(朗文P631)Our book’s not due to be published until December.我們的書預(yù)計(jì)要到12月份才能出版。
③After he was fired，the company failed to pay him the commissions due to him.
他被解雇后，公司沒有支付應(yīng)該給他的傭金。
12．完成句子
(1)他的缺席是由那場暴風(fēng)雨造成的。
His absence ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(＝He was absent ________ ________ the storm.)
答案：was due to the storm；due to
(2)由于粗心他失敗了。
He failed ________ ________ ________.
答案：due to carelessness
(3)這本書預(yù)定于十月出版。
The book ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in October.
答案：is due to be published
8. show up 出現(xiàn)，露面
(回歸課本P2)When Justin did not show up at the family lunch the next day，Mrs.Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.
到第二天中午全家人在一起吃午飯的時(shí)候，賈斯廷仍然沒有露面，福斯特夫人開始擔(dān)心了，就讓丈夫打電話報(bào)警。
歸納拓展
show in領(lǐng)……進(jìn)來
show out把……送到門口，送……出去
show sb.around/round...領(lǐng)某人參觀……；帶某人巡視……
show off炫耀，賣弄
(be) on show展出，陳列
例句探源
①(朗文P1896)Her tumor didn’t show up on the scan.
她的腫瘤在掃描儀上看不出來。
②(牛津P1853)Has anyone shown you around yet?
有沒有人帶你四處走走？
③She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.
她想在聚會(huì)上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。
13．用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空：
(1)Samples of all kinds of export commodities will be ________ show at the fair.
答案：on
(2)Has anyone shown you ________ the city since you came here?
答案：around
(3)She wanted to show ________ her new dress at the party but she lost her necklace.
答案：off
(4)Why didn’t you show ________ yesterday?
答案：up
9. make up 編造，捏造，杜撰；彌補(bǔ)；組成；和解；整理；化妝，打扮
(回歸課本P3)“Sometimes people make up such amazing stories，”says Detective Sam Peterson，who has taken charge of the case.
“人們有時(shí)候喜歡編造這類聳人聽聞的故事，”負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)查此案的薩姆皮特森偵探說。
歸納拓展
be made up of＝consist of由……組成
be made from由……制成(成品中看不出原料)
be made(out)of由……制成(成品中能看出原料)
make...into...把……制成
make out辨認(rèn)出，理解，明白；開(寫)支票,
make for走向，前往；沖向；有助于
make off離開，逃走
例句探源
①NonMHan people make up nearly 30% of Yunnan’s population.非漢族人口幾乎占云南人口的30%。
②They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.
她們之間發(fā)生過三次大的爭吵，但每次都重歸于好。
③They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play.他們把他打扮成一個(gè)老頭，出演這出戲的最后一幕。
④(朗文P1246)Oh，she wouldn’t make up a story like that.
呀，她不會(huì)編造那樣一個(gè)故事。
⑤(牛津P1222)They made up a bed for me on the sofa.
他們給我在沙發(fā)上鋪了個(gè)床。
14．Without my glasses，I couldn’t ________ whether that figure on the blackboard was a 3 or an 8.
A．make out B．make up
C．make for D．make off
解析：選A。句意：不戴眼鏡，我看不清黑板上的數(shù)字是3還是8。make out弄清，弄懂。
★15.(2010年舟山模擬)The driver started to speed up to ________ for the hour he had lost in the traffic jam.
A．keep up B．take up
C．make up D．catch up
解析：選C。句意：“為了彌補(bǔ)他在堵車時(shí)耽誤的一小時(shí)，司機(jī)開始加速”，make up for彌補(bǔ)。
16．(2010年吉安模擬)When I wanted to buy a computer，I saved as much as I could，and my mother ________ the rest of the money.
A．kept up B．held up
C．took up D．made up
解析：選D。句意：“當(dāng)我想買電腦時(shí)，我盡可能地多攢錢，我媽媽補(bǔ)上了剩下的錢。”make up彌補(bǔ)。
10. take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，接管
(回歸課本P3)Detective Sam Peterson，who has taken charge of the case.偵探Sam Peterson負(fù)責(zé)此案。
歸納拓展
(1)take charge of有時(shí)可代替be in charge of，前者更側(cè)重動(dòng)作。
(2)in charge of意為“管理、負(fù)責(zé)”，含主動(dòng)意義。句子的主語可以是人、職務(wù)或由人構(gòu)成的單位。
(3)in/under the charge of＝in/under sb.’s charge意為“在……的掌管之下”，主語一般是物，并含有被動(dòng)意義。
例句探源
①M(fèi)ary was in charge of the baby.
瑪麗負(fù)責(zé)照顧這個(gè)嬰兒。
②(朗文P318)Soldiers under Bensen’s Charge say he was a harsh but fair commander.
本森手下的士兵認(rèn)為他是一位嚴(yán)厲而公正的指揮官。
③(牛津P319)He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.他在父親去世后掌管了農(nóng)場。
17．完成句子
(1)這個(gè)部門的負(fù)責(zé)人來自澳大利亞。
The person ________ ________ ________ the department is from Australia.
答案：in charge of
(2)這個(gè)車間是由一個(gè)叫杰克遜的年輕人掌管的。
The workshop is ________ ________ ________ ________ a young fellow called Jackson.
答案：in the charge of
(3)你什么時(shí)候接管這家公司的？
When did you ________ ________ ________ the company?
答案：take charge of
句型解析
1【教材原句】 However，police found that Justin did in fact return home on Friday night at about 11 p．m..(P2)
然而，警方發(fā)現(xiàn)賈斯汀確實(shí)在周五夜里大約11點(diǎn)鐘返回過家中。
【句法分析】 “do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”用于肯定陳述句中，加強(qiáng)語氣。
【溫馨提示】 (1)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。
(2)只對(duì)肯定句的謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，沒有否定式和疑問式。
(3)do/does/did在句中要重讀。
(4)在祈使句中使用時(shí)，往往不表示命令，而表示強(qiáng)烈的請(qǐng)求，有時(shí)也表達(dá)更加客氣的語氣。
18．Cars moved very slowly in the 1930s，but they ________ faster than in the 1920s.
A．were moving B．did move
C．had moved D．would move
解析：選B。考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：在20世紀(jì)30年代汽車行駛得非常慢，但是他們確實(shí)比20世紀(jì)20年代行駛得快多了。do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形，是強(qiáng)調(diào)的一種形式，根據(jù)句子的時(shí)態(tài)改變助動(dòng)詞的形式。在本句中由時(shí)間狀語in the 1920s可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。
★19.The little girl is generally healthy，but every now and then she ________ a cold.
A．has caught B．is catching
C．will catch D．does catch
解析：選D。does是助動(dòng)詞，用于肯定句中，對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞catch加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。句意為：這小女孩總的來說很健康，但偶爾的確會(huì)感冒。選項(xiàng)A、B、C表示的三種時(shí)態(tài)均不合題意。
2【教材原句】 Standing inside were lots of whiteMskinned，strangeMlooking creatures with large black eyes.(P3)
(飛船里)站著很多白皮膚的、奇形怪狀的、眼睛又大又黑的生物。
【句法分析】 這是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語是lots of whiteMskinned，strangeMlooking creatures with large black eyes。因?yàn)閏reatures是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式的were。因?yàn)橹髡Z較長，句子倒裝避免了頭重腳輕。
20．(2009年高考江蘇卷)Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.________ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad.
A．Attend B．To attend
C．Attending D．Having attended
解析：選C。考查倒裝語序。從題意可知，說話人是在介紹嘉賓，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示出席50周年校慶儀式的有……因?yàn)橹髡Z較長，因此把Attending the ceremony提到前面以保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡。
21．(2010年重慶模擬)Eventually they arrived at a cave，________.
A．in front of that there stood a strange tree
B．in front of which stood a strange tree
C．in front of that stood a strange tree
D．in front of where there stood a strange tree
解析：選B。考查倒裝句。in front of which stood a strange tree是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾cave。
語法指導(dǎo)
復(fù)合句
◆什么是復(fù)合句
復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句組成，主句表達(dá)的是重要信息，從句起到補(bǔ)充修飾的作用。一個(gè)組織嚴(yán)密的復(fù)合句通常在包含大量信息的同時(shí)，還要正確地反映信息間的邏輯關(guān)系。
【佳句選粹】
①There is a rumor that he has married a widow.
【分析】 本句屬于復(fù)合句，由“主句＋同位語從句”構(gòu)成。“he has married a widow”作為“rumor” 的同位語，由that引導(dǎo)構(gòu)成了同位語從句。
②Let’s meet tomorrow if it is convenient for you.
【分析】 本句屬于復(fù)合句，由“主句＋條件狀語從句”構(gòu)成。“Let’s meet tomorrow”是主句，“if it is convenient for you”是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
◆主要從句類型
英語中的從句有很多類型，因此除了準(zhǔn)確判斷句子之間的主從關(guān)系以外，還要熟悉和掌握各種不同類型的從句。
1．名詞性從句：它在句子中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。
【佳句選粹】
①How it all happened is a mystery to me.
這一切是怎樣發(fā)生的對(duì)我來說是個(gè)謎。(主語)
②I wonder if you could stay for another day.
不知你可否再待一天。(賓語)
③The question is whether they have signed a contract.
問題是他們簽沒簽合同。(表語)
④The idea that money means everything is unsound.
金錢萬能的思想是錯(cuò)誤的。(同位語)
2．定語從句：多由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。
【佳句選粹】
①Jim introduced me to a girl who sat next to him.
吉姆把我介紹給他旁邊的一位姑娘。
②Then I telephoned the doctor (whom)she had recommended.然后我給她推薦的醫(yī)生打了電話。
③There are the reasons why we did it.
這些就是我們這樣做的原因。
3．狀語從句：用作狀語的從句很多，可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、方式、目的、結(jié)果、比較、讓步等。
【佳句選粹】
①We all stood up when he came in.
他進(jìn)來時(shí)我們都站了起來。(時(shí)間)
②I didn’t go because I wasn’t feeling well.
我沒有去是因?yàn)槲疑眢w不舒服。(原因)
③It was so dark
that we couldn’t see each other’s faces.
天那樣黑，我們看不清彼此的臉。(結(jié)果)
④Though they were poor，they were still happy.
他們雖然很窮，但仍然很幸福。(讓步)
⑤Just as the water is the most important of liquids，air is the most important of gases.
正如水是液體中最重要的一種一樣，空氣是氣體中最重要的一種。(方式)
⑥You’ll do all right，as long as you follow his advice.
只要你聽從他的勸告，你就會(huì)干得很好。(條件)
⑦The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.
導(dǎo)師給我的提議比給狄克的好。(比較)