核心詞匯
1．If you fired John，it would be difficult to____________(雇用)a cook like him.
2．The government is planning to ____________(改革)the tax system.
3．A red sky at night____________ (表明，暗示)fine weather the following day.
4．The____________(大多數(shù))of students were in favor of the suggestion that they go for a picnic the next day.
5．We are strongly against____________(種族的)discrimination in areas such as employment.
6．He____________(溜)into the room when no one was noticing him.
7．You’d better____________(抓住)the chance，or you’ll regret.
8．She had looked everywhere for her children，but they were________________(到處)to be found，which made her very worried.
9．____________，she took no notice of the____________mistakes in the accident.(apparent)
1. hire 2.reform 3.indicated 4.majority 5.racial ,6.slipped 7.grasp 8.nowhere 9.Apparently；apparent,10.applicants；apply；applications
10．All the ____________can____________in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their ____________before May 5th.(apply)
高頻短語
1．________________ 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存
2．________________ 用……辦法；借助……
3．________________ 習慣于新的生活方式、工 作等
4．________________ 堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、 傳統(tǒng)等)
5．________________ 背靠背
6．________________ 與……合作或一起工作
7．________________ 畫線；標出……界線
8．________________ 包括；吸收
9．________________ 許多；很多
10．________________ 申請；請示得到
1.live on 2.by means of... 3.make a life 4.keep up 5.back to back 6.team up with 7.mark out 8.take in 9.a great/good many 10.apply for
重點句式
1．________________，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams.
纜車系統(tǒng)建立于1873年，是由安德魯哈利迪發(fā)明的，他試圖找到一種比馬拉軌道車更好的交通方式。
2．______________before long the mix of nationalities be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人們認為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種明顯主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。
重點句式
3．________________California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個州的時候，它已經(jīng)是一個有著多種文化的社會了。
4．However，________________that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，很可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。
1.Built in 1873 2.It is believed that 3.By the time 4.it is likely
知識詳解
1 .means n． 手段；方法
(回歸課本P2)Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
科學家們認為這些遷居者通過一條史前時代曾經(jīng)存在的大橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達美洲。
by this means用這種方法
by means of通過，用，借助于
by no means決不，一點也不
(放在句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序)
by all means務(wù)必，不惜一切地；
(用于交際英語表示同意)當然可以，沒問題
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.
＝All possible means have been tried，but none worked.
各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒有一種奏效。
②(朗文P1277)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation.
自行車是數(shù)百萬中國人賴以出行的重要交通工具。
③(朗文P1277)By all means，drink plenty of water while exercising.
當然，鍛煉的時候多喝水。
④By no means am I satisfied with my present job.
我對目前的工作一點也不滿意。
[即境活用]
1．(2010年高考江蘇卷)-Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?
-________.Ours is much stronger than theirs.
A．Of course B．It depends
C．Don’t mention it D．By no means
解析：選D。句意：“--你認為他們的乒乓球隊在即將到來的亞運會上會獲得冠軍嗎？--絕對不會，我們的球隊比他們的球隊要強大得多。Of course當然可以；It depends視情況而定；Don’t mention it 不用謝；By no means絕對不會，絕不。根據(jù)句意可知答案為D項。
2．眾所周知，電話是一種有用的通訊工具。
As is known to us，the telephone is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：a useful means of communication
2 .majority n． 大多數(shù)；大半
(回歸課本P2)Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原居住人民傳授天主教。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.
大多數(shù)學生認為靠他們掙得錢生活很難。
②(牛津P1220)In the nursing profession，women are in a /the majority.
女性在護理行業(yè)中占大多數(shù)。
【溫馨提示】 (1)單獨用作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)、復數(shù)均可。
③(牛津P1220)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.
大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。
(2)單獨用作主語，如果后面的表語是復數(shù)，那么謂語動詞也用復數(shù)。
④The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.
昨天參加會議的大多數(shù)是學生。
⑤The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
這次的損失大部分容易補救。
⑥The majority of people seem to prefer computer to TV.
多數(shù)人喜歡電腦勝過電視。
[即境活用]
3．完成句子
(1)Don’t worry about the present situation in the world；________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (大多數(shù)人喜歡和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭)．
答案：the majority of people prefer peace to war
(2)Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are ________ ________ ________(占大多數(shù))．
答案：in a/the majority
3 .occur vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)
(回歸課本P5)Yes.It didn’t occur to me that...
是的，我沒想到……
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.
我正沿街尋找停車點時，突然發(fā)生了事故。
②(牛津P1377)It didn’t occur to her to ask for help.
她沒想到請別人幫忙。
③(遼寧高考)When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred to him.
在劍橋工作時，巴比奇想到了一個新主意。
④ It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.
她突然想到她應該收養(yǎng)這個無家可歸的孩子。
[即境活用]
4．-Why are you so late?
-I was on half way when it________to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.
A．occurred B．hit
C．happened D．reminded
解析：選A。It occurred to me that...意為“我突然想起……”。hit打擊(不與to搭配)；happen發(fā)生(指具體事件)；remind提醒(不與to搭配)。
4 .make a life 習慣于新的生活方式、工作等
(回歸課本P2)Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.
有些人死了或回家了，但是大多數(shù)人留在了加利福尼亞謀生，盡管困難重重。
[歸納拓展]
come to life變得更有趣；變得活躍
live/lead a．..life過著……生活
come back to life蘇醒過來，恢復生機
bring...back to life使……蘇醒過來
make/start a new life開始新生活
make a living by 靠……謀生
[例句探源]
①Some people from the country find it hard to make a life in big cities.
一些來自農(nóng)村的人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難習慣大城市的生活。
②(朗文P1188)They moved out West to make a new life there.
他們遷往西部去開始新生活。
③(牛津P1166)The match finally came to life in the second half.
比賽在下半場終于精彩起來。
④The old couple made a living by selling vegetables.
這對老夫婦靠賣菜維持生活。
[即境活用]
5．Soldiers who fought all the way to the faraway places couldn’t come back，and they had to________a life on the foreign lands.
A．make B．come
C．bring D．lay
解析：選A。考查動詞短語搭配。句意：一路拼殺到很遠的地方的士兵們無法歸來，于是他們就只得在異國他鄉(xiāng)謀求生活。只有make a life搭配正確；而come to life；bring sb./sth.to life不構(gòu)成搭配，所以A項正確。
5 .a great many 很多，許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞)
(回歸課本P8)Saw some interesting temples here，a number of markets and a great many restaurants.
參觀了這兒一些有趣的寺廟，不少的集貿(mào)市場和許多餐館。
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1230)I’ve known her for a great many years.
我認識她好多年了。
②A great many of us don’t like speaking English in class.
我們當中許多人不喜歡在課堂上講英語。
【溫馨提示】 a good/great many 后接復數(shù)名詞，但a good/great many后接of 時，必須加限定詞，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名詞復數(shù)。
③A good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam.
我們班中有很多學生通過了考試。
6．________the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.
A．A great many B．The number of
C．A great many of D．A great deal of
解析：選C。名詞前有the，these，those及my，your等物主代詞時，a great many后要加of。
[即境活用]
6 .take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺騙
(回歸課本P8)It’s a 79km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.
這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點。
[歸納拓展]
take away拿走，使離開；消除(病痛等)
take down記下來； 拆掉
take for(錯)當作；(誤)以為
take off起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2059)He was homeless，so we took him in.
他無家可歸，我們便收留了他。
②(遼寧高考)Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
不要被許諾能使你快速減肥的商品所欺騙。
③This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in.
這是假期的全部費用，一切都包括在內(nèi)。
④The students find it easy to take in what you teach.
學生們覺得你教的課容易領(lǐng)會。
[即境活用]
7．完成句子
(1)I needed a minute to ________ ________(理解) what he had told me.
答案：take in
(2)Sometimes I think he wants to ________ ________(掌管) the world.
答案：take over
7 .apply for 申請
(回歸課本P8)From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.
從1882年到1940年，天使島就成為著名的移民居住區(qū)，在那里，許多中國人申請在美國的居住權(quán)。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P82)Some of the children seem unable to apply what they have learned.
有些孩子似乎不會應用他們所學的知識。
②You can’t apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.
在符合一定的條件之后你才能申請這份工作。
③(朗文P82)I wish Sam would apply himself a little more to his schoolwork.
真希望薩姆能再專注于學業(yè)。
[即境活用]
8．Due to the fact that he failed to adapt himself to the present job，he________ ________ ________ ________(申請另一個工作)．
答案：applied for another one
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(P2)
這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。
【句法分析】 句中的why引導的是表語從句，注意以下句式的區(qū)別：
(1)That’s why...那就是為什么……(why從句表示結(jié)果)
(2)That’s because...那是因為……(because從句表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表語從句常用that引導，而不用because)
①Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.
湯姆開會遲到了，那是因為他病了。
②Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.
湯姆病了，那就是他開會遲到的原因。
③The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.湯姆開會遲到的原因是因為他病了。
[即境活用]
9．(2011年石家莊檢測)Is this the reason________she explained in the report for her success in the job?
A．what B．that
C．how D．why
解析：選B。考查定語從句。因此處關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，故此處只能用that，which或省略。
10．The reason________death was feared was________no man could experience it twice.
A．why；that B．why；because
C．why；why D．because；that
解析：選A。句意：人們之所以恐懼死亡，是因為沒有人能經(jīng)歷兩次。
2【教材原句】 However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)
然而，土著美國人有可能在一萬五千年前就在加州生活著。
【句法分析】 本句中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that從句。
It is likely that...……是可能的，此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能做某事。
①She’s very likely to ring me tonight.
＝It’s very likely that she will ring me tonight.
她今晚很可能給我打電話。
②It is likely that the weather will be fine.
＝The weather is likely to be fine.
天氣可能會很晴朗。
11．It is most ________that the environmentalists will come to the area to investigate the possible damage caused by the serious pollution.
A．likely B．perhaps
C．possibly D．probably
解析：選A。句意：很有可能環(huán)境保護者會到這個地區(qū)調(diào)查嚴重污染所造成的潛在的破壞。句型It is likely that... 中的 likely為形容詞，而不是副詞，B、C、D三項均為副詞形式，與句式不符。
[即境活用]
（小周）