定 語 從 句

編寫人：陳尚琢

在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why.

一、關(guān)系詞的基本用法

who 指人，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語

whom 指人，在從句中作賓語

whose 指人或物，在從句中作定語

that 指人或物，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語

which 指物，在從句中作主語或賓語

as 指人、物，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語

when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語

where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語

why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語

（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.

（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.

（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.

（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?

（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.

（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.

（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.

（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.

二、必須用“that”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1、當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等時(shí)。

He did everything that he could to help us.

2、先行詞被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修飾時(shí)。

The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.

3、先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞

最高級(jí)時(shí)。

This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

4、當(dāng)先行時(shí)前有such 或the same修飾時(shí)，先行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同一物時(shí)。

She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.

5、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，

Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

6、當(dāng)主句是以who或which開始時(shí)的特殊疑問句時(shí)，

Who is the boy that won the gold medal?

7、在同一個(gè)句子里，若有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用了which， 另一個(gè)宜用that.

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

8、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。（只限于限制性定語從句中）

China is no longer the country that it used to be.

9、當(dāng)先行詞是集體名詞時(shí)，多用that，

He wants to join the team that won the game.

10、that在有些句型中可作為關(guān)系副詞，且可省略。

I don’t like the way (that) he talks to me.

三、只用which不用that時(shí)情況

1、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，

Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.

2、先行詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且介詞前置。

This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.

3、先行詞本身是that時(shí)，

What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?

4、先行詞后有插入語時(shí)，

Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.

5、which 用作表語，指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有某種特性、品質(zhì)或才能的人。

He is an engineer, which I am not。

關(guān)系代as：在限制性定語從句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常采用省略形式。

I have the same book as you（have）.

Take as many as you want.

Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.

This is such a book as was given to me.

四、關(guān)系代詞的省略情況

1、關(guān)系代在從句中作賓語時(shí)。

Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?

2、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。

Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.

3、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，而這個(gè)介詞又在句末時(shí)。

This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.

注意：關(guān)系代詞的省略是指在限制性定語從句中，在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

五、帶介詞的定語從句

1、固定詞組，介詞置于后，關(guān)系代詞使用靈活。

This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.

2、非固定詞組，介詞位置靈活，關(guān)系代詞使用嚴(yán)格。

The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.

The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.

3、介詞詞組（關(guān)系代詞遠(yuǎn)離先行詞）

In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.

We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.

We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.

4、代詞/數(shù)詞+of +關(guān)系代詞

He has written many books, most of which are fo可以修飾名詞、

代詞、短語、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開，朗讀時(shí)前后有停頓。

I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.

His sister, who works in WuHan , is coming to see him tomorrow.

as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句與which 的區(qū)別

1、用于非限制性定語從句時(shí)，可以指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，as 和which 可以換用。

He left her, as/ which was strange.

2、as 姻骶淶墓叵凳分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開，在口語中前后沒有停頓?br>He is the man whose father died last week.

That is the reason why I didn’t open the door.

非限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞起描述或補(bǔ)充說明的作用，省略后也不影響全句的意思，非限制性定語從句可以修飾名詞、

代詞、短語、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開，朗讀時(shí)前后有停頓。

I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.

His sister, who works in WuHan , is coming to see him tomorrow.

as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句與which 的區(qū)別

1、用于非限制性定語從句時(shí)，可以指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，as 和which 可以換用。

He left her, as/ which was strange.

2、as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句中和句尾。

As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.

The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.

3、非限制性定語從句中謂語為被動(dòng)時(shí)，常用as 作主語。

as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。

As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.

4、as引導(dǎo)非限秩藎從句意思可與主句相反，即從句為否定式或帶否定前綴的形容詞?br>He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.

He was married again, which was unexpected.

定語從句運(yùn)用中的注意點(diǎn)

1、（1）是用the one還是用that , which, where.

（2）Is this school _______ you study in?

（3）Is this the school ______ you study in?

（4）Is this the school _______ you study?

（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?

A. that/which B. where C. the one

D. the one where E. C9在句中或句尾。

The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.

7、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句的謂語帶有賓語，有的還帶賓語補(bǔ)足語。

After that things improved, which astonished me.

Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.

8、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句意思可與主句相反，即從句為否定式或帶否定前綴的形容詞。

He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.

He was married again, which was unexpected.

定語從句運(yùn)用中的注意點(diǎn)

1、（1）是用the one還是用that , which, where.

（2）Is this school _______ you study in?

（3）Is this the school ______ you study in?

（4）Is this the school _______ you study?

（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?

A. that/which B. where C. the one

D. the one where E. the one that / which

遇到這類句子，先將其變成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表語。若缺表語，則必須用the one的形式，接著再看the one在從句中作什么成分，若作狀語，則必須用the one where，若作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用the one (that/ which)

2、是用when還是用that, which

（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent toge I met you.

（2）定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別是看從句的邊接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語從句；若連接詞在句中不作成分時(shí)，則為結(jié)果狀語從句。

試比較：

He is such a kind person as everybody likes.

He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.

（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別主要是看連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定雨Dthat, 若整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義不受影響，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，否則為定語從句。

4、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別

（1）定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別是看有無表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，有則是定語從句，試比較：

You should leave the toy where you can find.

I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.

（2）定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別是看從句的邊接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語從句；若連接詞在句中不作成分時(shí)，則為結(jié)果狀語從句。

試比較：

He is such a kind person as everybody likes.

He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.

（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別主要是看連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語從句，不作成分而只是表示前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容的則是同位語從句。試比較：

The news that he had been back surprised us all.

The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.

5、way 后面的定語從句（用that/ in which 或省略）

Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.

Consolidation:

一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空：

1. He lent me a thousand dollars, ___9 C. Anyone who D. The one

4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.

A. that B. when C. during which D. at which

5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.

A. that B. he C. who D. which

6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which B. When C. What D. As

8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.

A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose

9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?

A. that B. who C. which%0_____ they say is a gome.

9. Compared to _________ the girl is now today, she showed no confidence then especially in front of the public.

10. Hope Project got another donation of one million yuan with ________ to assist more poor children back to school.

二、單項(xiàng)選擇填空：

1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?

A. where B. when C. that D. what

2. He keeps a record of everything ________ he had seen there.

A. where B. that C. which D. what

3._____ breaks the rules should be punished.

A. Those who B. Who C. Anyone who D. The one

4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.

A. that B. when C. during which D. at which

5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.

A. that B. he C. who D. which

6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which B. When C. What D. As

8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.

A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose

9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?

A. that B. who C. which D. as

10. It’s a matter of _____ would take the position.

A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

11. I don’t like the way _____ he looks at me .

A. in that B. which C. of which D. /

12. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.

A. that B. all that C all what .D. which

13. The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.

A. when B. on which C. that D. where

14. I don’t know the number of people ______ this happens is very large.

A. whom B.to whom C. of which D. which

15.-where did you get to know her?

-It was on the farm _____ we worked.

A. that B. there C.which D. where

16. The students in Tianjin are using the same teaching books _____ we are now using.

A. whose B. as C. which D. that

17. . It was twelve o’clock _____ they arrived home.

A. since B. which C. that D. when

18. I think you have got to the point ______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.

A. when B. that C. where D. which

19. The meeting was put off, ______ was exactly _____ we wanted.

A. it, that B. as, that C. which, what D. this , what

20. I will hire the man ______ they say is a good English speaker.

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

21. The brave man, ______ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.

A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which

22. The old lady, ______ had been killed in the war , was given help by the local government.

A. all whose children B. all of whose children

C. whose all the children D. all of her children

23. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.

A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when

24. The village _____ we see today is no longer _____ it was a decade ago.

A. that, that B. which, how C. /, what D. what, which

25. . My hometown is no longer the one ____ she used to be.

A. whom B. that C. who D. which

26. I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting , but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me.

A. why, that B. that, why C. because, which D. of which, that

27. Many old people like to live _____ there are many trees and flowers.

A. in which B. in that C. which D. where

28. The bike ______ I spent 400 yuan has been stolen.

A. in which B. on which C. for it D. which

29 Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the day _____ they swam in it.

A. that B. who C. where D. when

30.Henry Adams, for ____money was now not a problem, wanted to stay in an expensive hotel.

A. whom B. whose C. his D. which

31. I have many friends, _____ few are businessmen.

A. of them B. from which C. of who D. of whom

32. _____ the house Mr Zhang has been broken into?

A.when was it that B. when has C. Has D. Had

33. He has directed more than 20 films , but only a few of _____ were successful.

A. which B. those C. them D. these

34. There isn’t so much noise in the country _____ in big cities.

A. as B. where C. which D. that

35. Have you asked her for the reason _____ may explain her absence?

A. why B. that C. what D. because that

三、將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。

1. China is a developing country, with Beijing as its capital.

China is a developing country, __________________________.

2. The thief, having been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.

The thief, __________________________________., was arrested by the police.

3. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.

___________________, light travels faster than sound.

4. There are lots of birds flying south for winter every year.

There are lots of birds ____________________________.

5. The Hope School has been set up where a wasteland used to be.

The Hope School has been set up __________________________.

6. That stone is so heavy that no one can remove it away.

That is such a heavy stone ________________________.

答案：

一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空：

which that where(in which) As which

Where whether whose what which

二、單項(xiàng)選擇填空：

1~20 CBCAB CDBAA DBDBD BDCDA

21~35 CBDCB ADBDA DCCAB

三、將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。

1. China is a developing country, whose capital is Beijing.

2. The thief, who had been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.

3.As is known to us all, light travels faster than sound.

4. There are lots of birds that fly south for winter every year.

5. The Hope School has been set up in the place which used to be a wasteland.

6. That is such a heavy stone as no one can remove away.