語(yǔ)法和詞匯考點(diǎn)詳解----倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、反意疑問句

【命題依據(jù)】高考試題每年都要涉及句法知識(shí)，這些特殊的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，每年單項(xiàng)填空題都會(huì)出現(xiàn)1-2道。高考試題對(duì)這些句型結(jié)構(gòu)的考查往往是以測(cè)試它們中的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)為主，例如倒裝句中否定副詞位于句首；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝；省略if的虛擬條件句等。又如強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句與其它相似句式的混合使用等。估計(jì)今后高考試題不會(huì)降低對(duì)這些特殊句型結(jié)構(gòu)的考查力度。

[例題1] -Why can’t I smoke here?

-At no time ____ in the meeting room.

A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted

C. does smoking permit D. smoking does permit

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是準(zhǔn)確把握答句中位于句首的表示否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)at no time所暗示的選擇條件。

【答案解析】答句中否定介詞短語(yǔ)at no time位于句首，表明了句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)采用部分倒裝的形式，即將句中的助動(dòng)詞調(diào)至主語(yǔ)之前。根據(jù)句子意思該句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)B、C、D。答案為A。

[例題2] Only ____ as an interpreter ____ how important it is to grasp English.

A. when did I work; I realized B. when I worked; I realized

C. when did I work; did I realize D. when I worked; did I realize

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要理解only引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確辨別主從句的倒裝關(guān)系。

【答案解析】only引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首，從句不可采用倒裝形式，主句必須部分倒裝。答案為D。

[例題3] Zhang Hua is clever and works hard at his lessons. _________.

A. So is Li Ming B. So does Li Ming

C. It was the same with Li Ming D. So it is with Li Ming

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意一個(gè)分句中含有兩個(gè)不同的謂語(yǔ)部分時(shí)，另一個(gè)分句倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的選用。

【答案解析】根據(jù)題干及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，它含有兩個(gè)不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它的內(nèi)容也適合另一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)句子需用So it is/ was with sb/sth. 或It is/was the same with sb/sth. 來(lái)表示。選項(xiàng)C時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。答案為D。

[例題4] that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.

A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots are

C. Such clever construction robots are D. So clever are the construction robots

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是弄清在so ...that 或such...that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中倒裝句的運(yùn)用。

【答案解析】在so...that 或such...that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)so或 such 位于句首時(shí)，主句要采用部分倒裝形式。答案為 D。

[例題5] Important ___ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.

A. when B. until C. as D. although

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要準(zhǔn)確理解句子意思，并根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，作出選擇。

【答案解析】分析句子意思可知，選項(xiàng)部分為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)從句中用作狀語(yǔ)的形容詞或名詞位于句首時(shí)，要用as 或though，但助動(dòng)詞不前置。答案為C。

[例題6] ____ in 1812, the New Orleans Battle could have been avoided.

A. If the peace agreement was signed in America

B. If the peace agreement had signed in America

C. Was the peace agreement signed in America

D. Had the peace agreement been signed in America

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)句子意思以及句子謂語(yǔ)部分的結(jié)構(gòu)，正確判斷選項(xiàng)部分動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)以及語(yǔ)氣的使用。

【答案解析】根據(jù)題干中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)，從句中謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)，如果省略連詞if，句子應(yīng)采用部分倒裝形式，即將助動(dòng)詞had調(diào)至主語(yǔ)之前，選項(xiàng)A、C為陳述語(yǔ)序，選項(xiàng)B為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，均不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)。答案D。

[例題7] It was too noisy outside. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice ____ his head.

A. did he turn B. had he turned

C. he hadn’t turned D. he didn’t turn

【解題關(guān)鍵】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確判斷選項(xiàng)部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的選用。

【答案解析】根據(jù)題干及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，not until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首，且表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)刻所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，主句應(yīng)采用一般過去時(shí)的部分倒裝形式。答案為A。

[例題8] It was ____ she was injured in the accident ___ she didn’t come to the party yesterday.

A. as; which B. because; that

C. since; why D. for; how

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意辨別強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句中，連接詞的選用。

【答案解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出該句是一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。此句的陳述語(yǔ)序?yàn)镾he didn’t come to the party yesterday because she was injured in the accident.由It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that連接句子的其它部分。答案為B。

[例題9] It was on the farm ____ he spent his childhood____ he learned how to grow vegetables.

A. where; that B. which; when

C. that; that D. which; which

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意辨別句中強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞的選用。

【答案解析】根據(jù)句子意思可知，第一空為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞the farm 在從句he spent his childhood 中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故選where；第二空為強(qiáng)調(diào)的陳述部分，應(yīng)由連詞that連接。答案為A。

[例題10] -What did she want to know, Tom?

-She wondered ____ we could complete the experiment

A. when was it B. it was when that

C. it was when D. when it was that

【解題關(guān)鍵】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問詞用作賓語(yǔ)從句部分時(shí)的語(yǔ)序。

【答案解析】分析句子意思以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格部分為強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問詞when，且為賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，故特殊疑問句必須置于主從句之間，并且要使用陳述語(yǔ)序，故應(yīng)選when it was that。答案為D。

[例題11] Was it not until you began to work ___ how much time you had wasted?

A. did you realize B. that you realized

C. did you not realize D. that you didn’t realize

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意區(qū)別not until所引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句子倒裝句的用法區(qū)別。

【答案解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該題為It was not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，故應(yīng)選由that連接的陳述結(jié)構(gòu)，由于 not前置，故陳述結(jié)構(gòu)中必須使用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)形式。 如果 not until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)位于句首，則句子必須采用部分倒裝形式，且用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。答案為B。

[例題12] -Li Ping told me that he overslept this morning.

-Oh, he rarely used to oversleep, _____?

A. usedn’t he B. was he C. didn’t he D. did he

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意否定副詞rarely與used to連用時(shí)，反意疑問句部分的結(jié)構(gòu)。

【答案解析】由于答句中used to 前否定副詞的使用，說明該句陳述部分為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，后面反意疑問部分要用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)形式，故首先排除選項(xiàng)A、C。選項(xiàng)B的助動(dòng)詞不一致，應(yīng)選用did或 used 來(lái)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。答案為D。

[例題13] Mike isn’t a hard瞱orking student, for this is the third time that he has been late, ____?

A. is he B. isn’t it C. hasn’t he D. isn’t this

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要準(zhǔn)確把握并列句結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問句的構(gòu)成。

【答案解析】該題為并列句結(jié)構(gòu)，反意疑問句應(yīng)由后一分句決定。后一分句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，反意疑問句應(yīng)由主句this is決定，指示代詞 this構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)，必須用it代替。答案為B。

[例題14]There aren’t many cafes, and let’s stop at the next place we see, ____?

A. are there B. will you C. shall we D. don’t you

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要準(zhǔn)確判斷反意疑問句在并列分句結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用

【答案解析】該題干為兩個(gè)并列分句，反意疑問句必須由后一分句決定，let’s開頭的祈使句，構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)，要用 shall we開頭。答案為C。

[例題15] The news that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities encourages us greatly, ____?

A. doesn’t it B. does it C. do they D. don’t they

【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要準(zhǔn)確把握復(fù)合句型結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問句的構(gòu)成。

【答案解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為同位語(yǔ)從句，反意疑問句應(yīng)根據(jù)主句進(jìn)行變化，該句主語(yǔ)為The news ，謂語(yǔ)部分為encourages us greatly為肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，故反意疑問句應(yīng)用否定形式。答案為A。

責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳