重點詞語用法

1．room的用法

1)room 用作不可數名詞，意為“(未占用的或可利用的)空間；地位；余地”。例如：

①Is there room for me?

還有我的地方嗎？

②There's room for three more.

還有三個人的位置。

③I haven't much room to move here.

我這兒沒有多少活動余地。

④Can you make room for another?

你還能騰出一個人(或一件東西)的地方嗎？

⑤This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out.

這張桌子占的地方太大，我們最好把它搬到外面去。

2)room用作可數名詞，意為“房間；一套房間；寓所”。例如：

①How many rooms are there in this house?

這所房子里有多少房間？

②This room is a very pleasant one.

這個房間很舒服。

【注意】與room常合成的詞有：bathroom 洗澡間； sitting－room 起居室；din-ning-room 飯廳；schoolroom 教室

2．hold的用法

1)hold 用作動詞，意為“抓住”，常用“hold sb. by the+表身體部位的名詞”結構。

①She was holding her father's hand.

她緊緊抓住父親的手。

②I hold him by the sleeve.

我抓住了他的袖子。

2)hold可用于表示“承受(某人/物)的重量；支承”。

①Is that branch strong enough to hold you?

那樹枝經得住你嗎？

②The dam gave away. It was not strong enough to hold the flood waters.

水壩塌了，它不夠堅固，擋不住洪水。

3)hold可用于表示“容納，包含”之意，不用進行時態，也不用被動結構。

①This barrel holds 25 litres.

這個桶能裝 25升。

②I don't think the car can hold you all.

我看這輛車坐不下你們這些人。

③My brain can't hold so much information at one time.

我腦子一下子記不住這么多信息。

4)hold可用于表示“使保持(某種狀態)”之意，常在賓語后接介詞短語、形容詞或分詞，表示該賓語的位置、姿態或狀態。

①She held her baby in her arms.

她抱著她的小孩。

②He is holding a cigarette between his lips.

他嘴里叼著一支香煙。

③They held their heads high.

他們把頭抬得高高的。

④I couldn't hold the door closed .

我沒法把門關上。

5)hold還可作“認為，相信，持有某種觀點”解。

①People once held that the earth was flat.

人們曾一度相信地球是平的。

②I hold the view that the plan cannot work.

我認為那個計劃不可行。

6)hold還可表示“召開，舉行(會議等)”。

①The meeting will be held in the community centre.

會議將在社區活動中心舉行。

②We hold a general election every four or five years.

我們每四五年舉行一次大選。

③The Motor Show is usually held in October.

汽車展覽會通常在十月舉行。

7)在電話交談中，我們常說 Hold on, please.意為“請別掛掉。”

8)習語hold one's tongue意為“住嘴”，多用于祈使句。

Hold your tongue! Don't bother me any more.

住嘴！別再打擾我了。

3．sight的用法

sight[sait]意為“視力；目光”，是不可數名詞。 catch sight of意為“看見”，lose sight of意為“看不見”，go sightseeing意為“去觀光”，get nearsighted意為“變成近視眼”。例如：

①Out of sight, out of mind.

眼不見，心不念。

②Standing at the top of the hill you can catch sight of the whole city.

站在山頂，我們能夠看見全城的景色。

③I used to have a good sight, but because of years of hard work, I got nearsighted.

我過去視力很好，但由于常年的艱苦工作，我變成了近視眼。

④The little boy lost his sight after three year's illness.

那個小男孩病了三年之后失明了。

【注意】sight還可以作“景象；情景”解。例如：

⑤The sunset with the colourful cloud behind it is a beautiful sight.

這落日的景象襯托著后面的彩云真美啊。

⑥The earthquake was a frightening sight.

那次地震的情景真可怕。

4．fit的用法

1)表示與職務、身份、場合是否相稱，用形容詞fit，詞組為 be fit for。

①The book is fit for children.

這種書適合兒童閱讀。

②She is not fit for the job.

她不能勝任這工作。

2)表示衣服鞋襪等是否合身要用動詞fit。

①His coat fits beautifully.

他的上衣很合身。

②This suit doesn't fit me well. Have you got a larger size?

這套西裝不怎么合身，有尺碼大一點兒的嗎？

3)fit用作形容詞，還有“恰當的，得體的；健康的”的意思。

①The room is a fit place for study.

那間房很適合學習用。

②He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day.

他每天跑5英里以保持身體健康。

4)fit用作動詞還有“配合，安裝”的意思

①The key doesn't fit the lock.

鑰匙和鎖不配。

②A man came and fitted the telephone for her.

來了個人替她把電話裝上了。

5．water 的用法

1)water ['w&t+]作“水”解時是不可數名詞，不用復數形式；但在指大量的水(mass of water)，如海水、湖水或河水時，常用復數形式 waters。例如：

①One week without water makes one weak.

一周不飲水，將使人虛弱。

②If you have a fever, you must drink plenty of water.

如果你發燒，就必須喝足量的水。

③In summer we usually find Huanghe River full of waters.

夏天我們通常發現水滿黃河。

④Have you seen the place where the waters of the Changjiang River flow out into the East Sea?

你見到過長江的入海處嗎?

2)water 既可用作名詞，意為“水”；又可用作動詞，意為“澆水，灌溉；加水；淚水流出；流口水”。如：

①It's very dry, and we must water the garden.

天很干，我們應該澆園了。

②They were watering the streets.

他們正在街上灑水。

③Our ship watered at every port we visited.

我們的船每到一港口，就加水一次。

④The smoke made my eyes water.

煙使我眼睛流淚。

⑤The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water.

廚房的氣味使我直流口水。

6．dirty的用法

dirty['d+:ti](= make dirty) vt.弄臟；變臟/vi.變臟。例如：

①The student dirtied his new books carelessly.

那個學生不小心弄臟了他的新書。

②On rainy days, the bicycle dirties quickly.

雨天，自行車很快就臟了。

【注意】在英語中，有一些形容詞可以轉化為動詞。又如：

③They calmed down after the quarrel.

爭吵之后他們平靜下來。

④You must slow down when you come into the town.

進入城鎮，你就必須減慢速度。

⑤It can help to cool the soup.

它可以幫助湯涼下來。

④In order to better their life, they worked very hard.

它們為了改善生活，工作非常努力。

7．after的用法

1)after用作介詞時，后面可接名詞或動名詞。例如：

①They ate in a restaurant after the film.(＝After seeing the film. they ate in a restaurant.)

看完電影后，他們在一家餐館吃了飯。

after不是副詞，不能與 afterwards，then或 after that互換使用。例如：

②They went to the cinema and afterwards (then/after that) they ate in a restaurant. (×…and after they ate in a restaurant.)

他們先去看電影，然后在一家餐館吃了飯。

2)after也可用作連詞，引導一個時間狀語從句，意為“在……之后”。例如：

①I called him after you told me his telephone number.

在你告訴我他的電話號碼后，我便給他打了電話。

②Soon after he entered the classroom , the students stood up and said hello to the teacher.

老師剛一進教室，同學們就站了起來并向老師問好。

8．home 意為“動植物的產地或棲息地”。例如：

①Do you know the home of the tigers?

你知道老虎的產地嗎？

②Heze is quite famous for its peony flowers .It is the home of peony.

菏澤以牡丹花著名，它是牡丹之鄉。

③The teacher told us that the home of the lion was Africa.

老師告訴我們獅子的產地是非洲。

9．present

1)present用作形容詞，表示“出席，在場”，讀作['preznt]。

①Were you present when the news was announced?

宣布消息時你在場嗎？

②Everybody present welcomed the decision.

出席的每個人都歡迎那個決議。

③There were 200 people present at the meeting.

有200人到會。

2)present 用作形容詞，還可表示“現有的，現在的”。

①You can't use it in its present condition.

目前這樣情形你無法使用。

②After being taken back 200 years, we were suddenly returned to the present day.

我們剛還在200年前的歷史場景中，一下子又回到了現在。

3)present 可用作名詞表示“現在、目前”的時間概念。

①We learn from the past, experience the present , and hope for success in the future.

我們從過去中學習，從現在體驗并展望未來成功。

②She is busy at present and can't speak to you.

她現在很忙，不能和你說話。

4)present 用作名詞，還可表示“禮物”之意。

①I'm buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely.

我買這東西送人，請幫我好好包裝一下。

②He admired my old typewriter so much, I made him a present of it.

他非常喜歡我的舊打字機，所以我就送給他了。

5)present 用作動詞，可表示“捐贈；介紹(正式的)”的意思，讀作[pri'zent]。

①they presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.

為紀念兒子他們向學院捐贈了一大筆錢。

②The ambassador was presented to the president.

大使被引見給總統。

10．square 的用法

1)square 是可數名詞，表示“正方形”

①The handkerchief is a square .

這塊手帕是方形的。

②The handkerchief is in the shape of a square.

這塊手帕是正方形的。

【注意】其它表示形狀的詞有： rectangle(oblong)長方形， triangle三角 形，quadrangle 四角形， pentagon五角形， hexagon 六角形， heptagon 七角形，polygon多角形

2)square 作“廣場”解，常與專有名詞連用。

Venice Square (羅馬)威尼斯廣場

Tian An Men Square 天安門廣場

the Red square (莫斯科)紅場

the People's Square in Shanghai 上海人民廣場

3)square 用作形容詞，表示“平方的”。

①one square meter 一平方米

②A carpet six meters square has an area of 36 square meters.

六米見方的地毯面積為36平方米。

【注意】圓形廣場叫circus，方形廣場叫square

11．else的用法

1)else在該句中用作形容詞，意為“別的”，“其它的”。它作形容詞常用來修飾疑問代詞 who，whom，whose，what；不定代詞all，little，much及以any-，every-，some-，no-加上-body，-one，-thing構成的復合不定代詞。else要放在它所修飾的詞之后。

①What else can I do for you?

還有什么事我可以為你做的呢？

②He is more diligent than anyone else in his class.

他比班里的其他任何學生都勤奮。

③Someone else may see it.

還有別的人可能看到了。

④I have much else to say about this.

關于此事我還有更多的話要說。

【注意】other 作形容詞用時詞義與 else相同，但用法不一樣：other通常修飾普通名詞，且放在被修飾詞之前。上述有關句子可改為：

①What other thing can I do for you?

我還可以為你做點什么別的事嗎？

②He is more diligent than any other student in his class.

他比班里其他別的學生都更勤奮。

③Some other person may see it.

其他人可能看見它。

2)else用作副詞，意為“另外”，“其他”，用來修飾疑問副詞how，when，where，why及以any-，every-，no-some-加上-where構成的詞。如：

①Why else were you absent from class?

你缺課還有什么別的原因？

②We went nowhere else.

我們沒去別處。

12．reason & cause

1)reason 是指“(為什么做某事)的原因，理由”。(人的主觀性)

①You have no reason to get angry.

你沒有理由發脾氣。

②Tell me the reason why you are so late this morning.

告訴我你今天早上來得這么晚的理由。

2)cause 是指“(引起一件事發生的)起因�！�(客觀因素)

①The cause of the fire was carelessness.

起火的原因是不謹慎。

②We can't get rid of war until we get rid of the causes of war.

不首先消失戰爭的起因，就不能消滅戰爭。

重要詞組短語

1．go on doing sth .繼續做原來的事情；go on to do sth .接著去做另一件事。例如：

①After reading the text, we went on to translate some sentences.

讀完課文，我們接著翻譯了幾個句子。

②The students went on talking and laughing all the way.

同學們一路上不停地談笑。

③After a short break, he went on writing the letter.

休息一會后，他繼續寫了這信。

④If the population goes on increasing , there will only be standing room left for us next century!

如果人口繼續增長的話，下個世紀我們就只有站的地方了。

2．be fit for 意為“適合于”。例如：

①The old man is so weak and he isn't fit for the job.

那位老人太虛弱了，不適合于這項工作。

②Our headmaster is fit for his position.

我們的校長是稱職的。

▲be fit to do sth. 意為“適合于做某事”。例如：

③The glasses too large. They are not fit for me to wear.

這架眼鏡太大了，不 適合我的。

④I do think she is fit to look after the children .

我的確認為，她是適合照顧這些孩子的。

3．agree，agree to，agree with＆agree on 的用法區別

1)agree后可接不定式，也可接that從句。

①He agreed to finish the job as soon as possible.

他同意盡早結束這項工作。

②I am sure you will agree that it is most important for us to keep fit.

十分重要的是要保持身體健康。關于這一點我肯定你會同意的。

2)agree with sb. 表示“同意某人的意見”，也可接what 從句。

①I agreed with you.

我同意你的意見。

②I agree with what you have said.

我同意你說的話。

3)agree to 表示對所述之事表示肯定或答應。

He has agreed to this arrangement .

對于此項安排，他已經表示同意。

4)agree on 表示“商定，達成協議”。

Can we agree on a date for the next meeting!

我們可否商定下次開會的日期？

4．to one's joy

“to one's+感情名詞”或“to the+感情名詞+ of”結構，用作結果狀語。常見的感情名詞有joy(高興)，delight(歡喜)，surprise(驚奇)，astonishment(吃驚)，disappointment(失望)，amusement(好笑)，annoyance (煩惱)，horror(恐懼)，shame(羞愧)，relief(安心)等。

①To our astonishment, she began to laugh.

使我們吃驚的是她笑了起來。

②To the disappointment of the spectators, the match had to be abandoned.

令觀眾失望的是，這次比賽不得不取消。

③He has recovered, much to the delight of his friends.

他病好了，使得朋友們大為歡喜。

5．cut down 意為“砍伐、砍倒”，另外還可以作“削減”解。例如：

①Young trees are not allowed to cut down in some countries.

在一些國家不允許砍伐小樹。

②The bullets cut down the soldiers like corns.

子彈象砍玉米一樣將士兵一排排射倒。

③We must cut down the expenses.

我們必須削減開支。

④The tailor cut the dress down.

裁縫把衣服改小了。

6．in place 是一個固定詞組，意為“在原來的地方”。例如：

①You must put every book in place after reading .

你閱讀后，必須把每一本書都放回原處。

②We should put the shoes in place before we decided which pair to buy.

在我們確定買那一雙之前，我們應該將鞋子放回原處。

③The manager persuaded us to keep the bicycle in place.

管理人員說服我們把自行車放回原出。

④We'd better leave the computer and printer in place in order to protect them.

我們最好將電腦和打印機留在原來的地方，以便保護它們。

7．表示一類人，可以用“the+形容詞或過去分詞”形式。例如：

the rich＝ the rich people 富人

the poor = the poor people 窮人

the young＝ the young people 年青人

the old＝the old people 老人

the wounded＝ the wounded people 傷員

the deaf = the deaf people 聾子

the laid-off＝ the laid-off workers 下崗職工

the unemployed＝ the unemployed people失業者

the dead = the dead people 死人

8．play a part(in)意為“在……中起作用”。例如：

①Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people's life.

大多數愛爾蘭人星期天都去教堂做禮拜。教會在人們生活中起著重要的作用。

②They are playing an important part in building our country.

他們在我國的建設中起著重要作用。

③The part played by religion was very great.

宗教起的作用是巨大的。

④The part that women played during the was great.

婦女在那次戰役中起的作用是巨大的。

⑤The workers have played an important part in the development of production.

工人在生產發展中起著重要作用。

9．in all作“總共”(altogether)解。例如：

①In our school there are twenty-five English teachers in all.

我們學�？偣灿�25位英語教師。

②New Zealand has no more than 3.5 million people in all

新西蘭一共只不過三百五十萬人。

10．no more than & not more than

1)no more than表示“少”，not more than表示“不多于”。

①I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里只不過5元錢。(太少了)

②I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里不多于5元錢。(不言其多或少)

2)no less than表示“多”，not less than 表示“不少于”。

①He is no less determined than you.

他的決心決不亞于你。(言其決心大)

②He is not less determined than you.

他的決心不比你小。(無言其大或小的含義)

常用句型結構

1．if引導的條件句的用法

1)當if用于表示普遍真理和科學事實的條件句中，其主從句的謂語動詞一般都用一般現在時。

①If you heat ice, it melts.

如果給冰加熱，冰便融化了。

②If you pour oil on water, it floats.

把油倒在水上，油浮于水面。

③If the temperature drops to zero degrees centigrade, water freezes.

如果溫度降至零度，水便結冰了。

④If you divide eight by two, you get four.

8除以2，等于4。

2)當if用于表示現在習慣動作條件句中，其主從句的謂語也都用一般現在時。

①lf I make a promise, I keep it.

我只要許下諾言，就信守不渝。

②if it rains, I go to work by bus.

每逢雨天，我就搭乘公共汽車上班。

3)當if用于表示過去習慣動作的條件句中，其主從句謂語動詞都用一般過去式。

①lf I made promise, I kept it.

以前我只要許下諾言，就總是信守不渝。

②If it rained, I went to work by bus.

以前每逢下雨，我就坐公共汽車上班。

4)if還常與從句一般現在時，主句用 will/shall/can加動詞原形結構搭配使用。

①If you go to England, you will have to learn English .

如果你到英國去，就必須學英語。

②If it is fine tomorrow , we can have a picnic somewhere .

如果明天晴天，我們可以去野餐。

5)if從句還常出現以下結構，主句祈使句，從句一般現在時。

①If you wake up before me, give me a call.

如果你比我醒得早，就叫醒我。

②If you meet Mary in London , introduce youself to her .

如果你在倫敦遇見瑪麗，就向她做自我介紹。

6)有時if從句中還使用“should+動詞原形”結構，加重語氣。

①If we should miss the 10 o'clock train, we won't get there till after lunch.

如果我們錯過10點鐘的火車，就要在午餐后才能到達。

②If he should fail to come, ask Philip to work in his place.

萬一他不來，就請菲利浦代替他工作。

7)if從句中也常使用“will+動詞原形”結構，表示“意愿”。

①If he will accept the nomination , a lot of electors will vote for him .

如果他愿意接受提名，許多選民都會投他的票。

②lf you will wait for a few more minutes, the doctor will see you without your making an appointment.

如果你愿意再等幾分鐘，醫生不用預約就來看你。

8)if主從句中都用“would+動詞原形”結構，表示“意愿”，用于客氣的請求。

①If you would try Italian food, you would like it.

如果您愿意嘗試意大利食品，你會喜歡的。

②If you would read more carefully , you would understand what the writer is trying to say.

如果你愿意更加細心閱讀，你會理解作家的意圖。

2．It is thought/said/ believed that…據認為/說/信……相當于People think that… 例：

①It is thought that the team will certainly win the match.

據認為這支球隊肯定能贏得比賽。

②It is said that the first printed book came out at this period.

據說第一本印刷書就是這時出現的。

③It is reported that Bill Clinton will meet Blair next week.

據說下周比爾克林頓要會見布萊爾。